ICB - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas

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    Morfo-anatomia, variabilidade química e atividade biológica do óleo fixo de sementes de apeiba tibourbou aubl. – malvaceae
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-12-15) Barros, Marilda da Conceição Ribeiro e; Paula, José Realino de; Paula, José Realino de; Silva, Heloísa Torres da; Ferreira, Heleno Dias; Magalhães, Roberto Toledo de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
    Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. is a arboreal plant found in Central America, northern Brazil to Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Is well distributed in the Central West region of Brazil. The oil from its seeds is used in Costa Rica to reduce hair loss and spasms treatments. This study aimed to perform a morpho-anatomic and histochemical leaves, flowers and fruit of Apeiba tibourbou and evaluate the physicochemical properties, lipid profile and power analgesic and anti inflammatory effect of the fixed oil from seeds by paw edema, formalin and carrageenan methods. Samples of leaves, bark, flowers and fruits were collected from five individuals (specimens). Samples were collected in the cities of Goiânia, Itauçu and Mossâmedes (Serra Dourada Environmental Reserve). Morphoanatomy leaves, flowers and fruits was performed by standard techniques. The fruits were manually benefited and the oil extracted was analyzed as to their physical-chemical properties and lipid profile. Samples of soil and leaves were collected and analyzed for the level of macro and micronutrients. Morphoanatomy showed anatomic patterns matching those already presented by other authors for Malvaceae. The following structures were observed: glandular and stellate trichomes were distributed by all organs of the plant. Secretory cavities present in almost all cross-sections performed. The average yield of the fixed oil of the seeds was 23.83%. The major constituent was 25.42% with lauric acid, found in all samples. Palmitic with 23.50% was the second major, linoleic acid, in third place with 11.51%. The fourth in per cent, with oleic acid and 9.30% in the fifth with -linolenic acid 8.11%. With 3.27% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) should also be considered the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 0.78%. In multivariate analysis of the organic-chemical and environmental data of leaves, soil and seed oil was observed that there is no change to oil chemistry regarding the environmental data. Regarding the analysis of biological activity of fixed oil of A. tibourbou, showed the same power and anti inflammatory analgesic method of writhing induced by acetic acid method of pain induced by formalin and paw edema induced by carrageenin. In this study, we observed that the oil of A. tibourbou presents as main constituent fatty acid omega 3, omega 6, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lauric acid and palmitic acid. Can be used with food and medicinal purposes.
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    Extração, caracterização e modificação química da goma da anadenanthera macrocarpa
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014) Leal, Maria Carolina Bezerra Di Medeiros; Fernandes, Kátia Flávia
    The objective of this study was to modify gum of Anadenanthera macrocarpa exudate by acetylation treatment and to evaluate its biotechnological potential as adhesive. The acetylation process was carried out under mild conditions, using acetic acid. Acetylation process of Pegico displaces pI and increases its thermal stability. The polysaccharide modification was characterized by the appearance of a new peak around 1542 cm-1 in the FTIR analysis, and in a crystalline structure characterized by sharp diffraction peaks at 14.9°, 16.8°, 17.8° and 22.5°. The acetylation also increased the swelling power of Pegicoac and reduced its solubility. Furthermore, acetylation treatment of Pegico produced higher adhesion strength in all tests conducted, characterized by an improvement in the adhesion strength in the 180° peeling test (0.205 to 0.288 N mm-1 ), in the T-peel test (0.044 to 0.088 N mm-1 ) and in the tensile bond test (0.088 to 0.133 N mm-2 ).
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    Estudo do potencial citotóxico e do mecanismo de morte celular de novos protótipos à base de rutênio frente a diferentes células tumorais
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014) Lima, Aliny Pereira; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Bérgamo, Nádia Aparecida; Ayres, Flávio Monteiro; Cortez, Alane Pereira; Santos, Wagner Gouvêa dos
    Currently ruthenium complexes have demonstrated interesting anticancer properties and may represent new and effective therapeutic agents for use as drugs alternative to platinum drugs. The present study aimed to investigate in vitro the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of the ruthenium complex cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride against human lung alveolar carcinoma (A549) and complexes of ruthenium (II) coordinated to different amino acids against Sarcoma 180 tumor cells through the techniques of cell viability assay, kinetics of cell cycle phases assay, annexin V/propidium iodide assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, gene expression by real time PCR assay and western blotting assay. The cell viability assay by MTT reduction technique, it was found that complexes of ruthenium (II) coordinated to amino acids showed cytotoxic activity against S180 tumor cells with IC50 values ranging from 22.53 to 70.08 µM. For ruthenium complex (III) cis- (dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride the IC50 value against A549 tumor cells was greater than 383 µM (IC50> 383 mM). Additionally, it was observed that complexes of ruthenium (II) exhibited low cytotoxicity on normal cells of mouse fibroblast L929, with IC50 values ranging from 27.39 to 106.72 µM. The clonogenic assay was performed in A549 tumor cells, and by the results obtained it was found that at low concentrations of the complex cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride (0.38 and 3.8 µM) there was a decrease in the ability of cells to form colonies and at high concentrations 95 and 383 µM there was no colonies formation In cell cycle analysis of S180 tumor cells treated with complex of ruthenium (II) RuGly the results showed that this complex increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1, which correlated with consequent reduction in the number of cells in S phase. To complex of ruthenium (III) cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride against A549 tumor cells, it was found that this complex increased the percentage of cells in S phase. In the analysis of apoptosis assays, the results showed that the complex ruthenium (II) RuGly induced cell death via apoptosis in S180 tumor cells as evidenced by the increase in annexin V positive cells, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase 3, 8 and 9 and increased expression levels of Caspase-3 (mRNA) and Bax (mRNA) and Bak (protein). The expression of genes Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Tp53 remained unchanged during the period of exposure examined. For complex ruthenium (III) induction of apoptosis on A549 cells was verified by the presence of annexin V positive cells and peak in sub-G1 (indicative of apoptosis) and increased levels of mRNA of Caspase 3. In addition cell death via necrosis was observed as verified by increased number of cells labeling with only propidium iodide. From the results it is concluded that both complexes of ruthenium (II) and (III) to induce cytotoxic activity against cell models tested and this activity correlates with alterations in cell cycle phases and induction of cell death via apoptosis and necrosis, being prototypes promising drugs against tumor models investigated.
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    Fitoquímica, morfoanatomia e atividade antimicrobiana de Lippia sidoides Cham., Lippia lupulina Cham. e Lippia pohliana Schauer (Verbenaceae) e atividade farmacológica de L. sidoides originária de Minas Gerais
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-21) Morais, Sandra Ribeiro de; Rezende, Maria Helena; Paula, José Realino de; Paula, José Realino de; Almeida, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva; Nunes, Xirley Pereira; Fiuza, Tatiana de Souza; Tresvenzol, Leonice Manrique Faustino
    Verbenaceae family has been widely studied due to the presence of aromatic principles founded in many species used in folk medicine. The aim of this work is to perform the morphoanatomic description, phytochemical study and biological activity of leaves of Lippia sidoides originating from Fortaleza, Ceará and São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, and leaves of Lippia lupulina and Lippia pohliana originating Mossâmedes, Goiás. For all species, anatomic analyses were performed microtechniques photonic and electronic scanning; essential oil was obtained by hidrodestilation, chemically characterized by GC/MS; the broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, the crude ethanol extract and the hexanic, dichloromethane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions. Crude ethanol extract of L. sidoides originating from Minas Gerais, was tested in mice for to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system activities. Anatomical features common to Verbenaceae were observed in the species studied, as amphistomatic leaves with glandular and tector trichomes, dorsiventral mesophyll and vascular system in the midrib in open arc; differences in the anatomy of the leaf surface of two accessions of L. sidoides were observed. The occurrence of chemotypes in L. sidoides was confirmed by analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil of two accesses. The crude ethanol extract and the dicloromethane and hexanic fractions of L. sidoides originating from Minas Gerais had the best profile for antimicrobial activity in vitro against Candida and Cryptococcus. Essential oil of L. lupulina had antimicrobial activity against Bacillus Subtilis, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Cryptococcus sp. It was registered moderated activity to essential oil of L. pohliana against S. aureus; of the crude ethanol extract and hexanic fraction against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; of the hexanic fraction against Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Cryptococcus gatti e Cryptococcus neoformans, and of the dichloromethane fraction against Cryptococcus gatti. The crude ethanol extract had antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice.
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    Atividade antigenotóxica dos extratos de Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent e Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05) Pereira, Karla de Castro; Costa, Elson Alves; Cunha, Kênya Silva
    The possibility of natural substances, derived from medicinal plants, modulate the cellular response to the mutagenic agents activity has emerged as an important mechanism in the discovery of new effective natural treatments. The aim of this work was evaluate the possible toxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects of two Brazilian Cerrado plants, which are used in folk medicine. Celtis iguanaea Jacq. Sargent (Cannabaceae), known in the state of Goiás (Brazil) as “esporão-de-galo”, has been used to treat rheumatism, asthma, body pain, colic, poor digestion, urinary infections and kidney disfunctions. Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. (Lythraceae) is known popularly as “pacari” or “mangaba-brava” and has been used in traditional medicine to treat gastric ulcers, inflammation, and scar healing. The present study used the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART), which evaluates, simultaneously, in vivo recombinational and mutational events. Third-stage larvae derived from the standard cross were used in the extract treatments. Initially, the toxicity of different concentrations of aqueous extract of leaves of Celtis iguanaea (EaqLC) and ethanol extract of leaves of Lafoensia pacari (EELL) was evaluated. The EaqLC showed no toxicity, because there was no difference between the number of surviving flies in the extract series and control treatments. Flies treated with the EELL test concentrations showed a survival rate above 40%. For genotoxic evaluation, the larvae were treated with different concentrations of EaqLC and EELL and distilled water (negative control). Both extracts did not significantly increase the frequencies of spots with mutant hair compared to negative control, so no genotoxic activity was detected. In antigenotoxic evaluation, the larvae were co-treated with different concentrations of EaqLC and EELL associated with mitomycin C (MMC), and MMC alone (positive control). The antigenotoxic analysis of trans-heterozygous individuals treated with EaqLC + MMC and EEL+MMC showed a reduction in the frequency of mutation and/or mitotic recombination due to inactivation or blockage action of these extracts on the action of MMC. The comparison of the analysis of trans-heterozygous (MH) and TM3 heterozygous (BH) descendents allowed quantifying separately the contribution of the inhibition of mutation and recombination in the total antigenotoxicity induced by the two extracts studied. This was possible because the products of recombination in BH individuals are unviable. The results showed that the proportion of mutagenic and recombinagenic events induced by EaqLC+MMC or EELL+MMC was not significantly different from MMC treatment. In summary, the overall results indicated that the EaqLC and EELL extracts do not exhibit any toxic or genotoxic effects, but were able to block or inactivate the genotoxicity of MMC, acting as desmutagenic agents.