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Item Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-22) Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc Pereira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Regina Maria BringelRotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.Item Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c em indivíduos portadores de doenças oncohematológicas em Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-29) Marinho, Tássia Augusto; Arantes, Adriano de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2074071976957154; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Bringel, Regina Maria; Ferreira, Renata CarneiroAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 350 million people die each year from liver complications related to infection. HCV, as well as hepatotropic can infect and replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells can induce a weak disorder oncohematológica. As the etiology of most diseases oncohematológicas is still unknown, some authors have suggested the role of this virus in the genesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to investigate the profile seroepidemiological study of hepatitis C infection in patients with disorder oncohematologicas attended at two hospitals in reference to the treatment of these diseases (Hospital Araújo Jorge e Hospital das Clínicas) in Goiânia, Goiás. A total de 350 individuals were recruited in hospitals, from june/2011 to february/2012 (Hospital Araújo Jorge) and June/August/2012 (Hospital das Clínicas) were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The HCV infection prevalence was 0.86% (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.7) in patients with diseases oncohematológicas. The viral RNA was detected in 0.57% (2/3) of anti-HCV positive samples, and the genotype/subtype 1b, were identified in the study population. Risk characteristics, reported by individuals anti-HCV positive, use non-injecting drug use, blood transfusion before 1994, tattooing, surgery and multiple sexual partners. This research showed low prevalence of hepatitis C in the population studied. However, epidemiological investigations are relevant for analyze the effectiveness of intervention measures for control and prevention of this infection.Item Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS-CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-25) Santos, Mateus Silva; Souza, Ueric José Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340952274603852; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima dias e; Oliveira, Lucas Nojosa; D’Alessandro, Walmirton BezerraIntroduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with COVID-19 is one of the greatest global public health challenges, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in different age groups, with some population segments being more affected. The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Omicron, is a reflection of selective advantage, translated as greater transmissibility and the ability to replicate in people previously exposed to the virus. In Brazil, the variant was very prominent, even when the numbers of immunized individuals were already high. Therefore, this research aims to promote an epidemiological and molecular study on the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Tocantins. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted using SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Tocantins (LACEN-TO). The samples were sequenced and taken to experiments in order to verify the quality of the sequencing, detect possible mutations and identify the main variants of concern. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to observe the degree of dispersion of the most predominant variant in the state of Tocantins. Results: In the present study, 556 samples positive for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 were used. Among the results, it was observed that the state of Tocantins presented, during the study period, about 39 lineages of the Omicron variant, some of which were associated with a higher transmissibility rate. The biggest highlight was the XBB.1.18.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, being one of the main circulating in Tocantins in 2023. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the state may have contributed to the dispersion of the subvariants not only in Brazil but also in the world. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of the Omicron variant in Tocantins between December 2021 and June 2023, in addition to showing that the state may have contributed to the spread of the XBB.1.18.1 subvariant in Brazil. Relevance and impact: It is worth noting that due to the high frequency of mutations of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance is necessary to identify possible new entries of the virus not only in the northern Brazilian state but also throughout the country.