IPTSP - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública

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    Avaliação da atividade de acaricidas químicos sintéticos, extrato botânico sobre Rhipicephalus sanguineus e ação dos óleos essenciais sobre Amblyomma cajennens.
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-10-22) D`ALESSANDRO, Walmirton Bezerra; FERNANDES, Fernando de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2872101003404611
    Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari, Ixodidae) known as tick-star , is a ixodid heteroxenous tree-host found too often in horses. Have little specific parasite, particularly in periods of larvae and nymph, is considered the most important in ixodid transmission of spotted fever to humans in Brazil. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, tick ectoparasite mainly from domestic dogs in urban areas, but also parasite other mammals, birds and reptiles, is responsible for the transmission of pathogens to their hosts. By developing in synanthropic environments, with their immature stages occasionally infecting man, this ixodídeo could cause increased incidence of erliquiosis, babesiosis and spotted fever in humans. The difficulties in controlling these ixodids, including the development of resistance to some acaricides chemicals synthetic main products used in their control, studies to encourage development of alternative measures, more efficient and less environmental impact. The objective of this work was monitoring the susceptibility and/or resistance of R. sanguineus to 14 insecticide products/acaricides, among the most acaricide sold in Goiás for control of ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance, and verify the potential of substances extracted from plants, Carapa guianensis AUBLET (Meliaceae), Piper hispidinervum C.DC. (Piperaceae) and Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (Sapindaceae) in botanical exploration of acaricides for control of A. cajennense and R. saguineus. Engorged female of R. sanguineus were collected in environments naturally infested frequented by dogs in different districts and municipalities of Goiânia. Engorged female of A. cajennense were collected on horses from rural farms of different neighborhoods and surrounding municipalities of Goiânia. In the laboratory they were washed with distilled water, dried with paper towel and put in incubators B.O.D., to conduct the oviposition. Envelopes were used to filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of synthetic chemical acaricides, of essential oils from the leaves and branches side of P. hispidinervum, essential oil coming seeds of C. guianensis and stem bark of M. pubescens. In the control group used up only distilled water and solvent. Bioassays were made in quadruplicate. In the first study, Lethal Concentrations, CL50 and CL99, after 24 h and 48 h of exposure were calculated for the products that caused a framework for possible resistance or resistance to larvicidal R. sanguineus, according to WHO criteria. There was a framework of resistance to the basic products of Cypermethrin, Cypermethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), Deltamethrin, Permethrin and Amitraz in 24 h presenting mortalities of 58.36%, 71.36%, 48.7%, 64.5% and 77.8%, respectively. In 48 h of exposure to Amitraz the mortality rate was 88%, presenting a framework for possible resistance accounting for 0.07% of the products tested. The lethal concentrations CL50 and CL99 were: Cypermethrin (0.06% and 7.04%), Cypermethrin + PBO (0.06% and 2.1%), Deltamethrin (0.06% and 1.57%); Permethrin (0.06% and 0.3%), Amitraz 24 h (0025% and 0.73%) and Amitraz 48 h (0.06% and 0.31%). The products Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Permethrin, Cypermethrin + PBO and Amitraz (24 and 48 h of exposure) were 35.2, 21, 7.85, 3, 3.65, 1.55 times, respectively, higher than the dosages recommended by manufacturers. In the second study noted that the essential oil of C. guianensis on the larvae of A. cajennense resulted in 24 h, mortality not exceeding 10% for 35% concentration in 48 h of exposure received at the CL50 of 7.38% and 45.45% of CL99, the essential oil of P. hispidinervum shown in 24 h of exposure CL50 of 0.42% and CL99 of 0.88%, in 48 h of exposure CL50 of 0.45% and CL99 of 1.06%. There was Knock down the effect on the larvae of A. cajennense the essential oil of P. hispidinervum, significantly influencing mortality average. In the third study there was the lethal action of ethanol crude extract of stem of bark M. pubescens on R. sanguineus, in the reading of 48 h LC50 and CL99 was 0.15% and 0.99%, respectively.The plants showed larvicidal effect on A. cajennense and R. sanguineus. The essential oils and extracts studied demonstrated greatest potential for the exploration of acaricides plants, with less environmental impact, to be used as a strategy for control of R. sanguineus and A. cajennense.
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    PERFIL SOROLÓGICO EXPERIMENTAL DE CAMUNDONGOS INFECTADOS COM A CEPA CISTOGÊNICA ME-49, DE Toxoplasma gondii ANTES E PÓSTERAPÊUTICA ESPECIFICA.
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-04-01) GUIMARÃES, Liliane Rego; CASTRO, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621
    Toxoplasmosis is a protozoosis of high incidence in the world, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted by the ingestion of food contaminated by oocysts found in feline feces, or cists in raw or underdone meat, congenitally in other instances. The disease is usually asymptomatic, but in embryos or in imunodrepessive patients it may be devastating. In this work, the experimental serologic profile has been evaluated after specific therapy in isogenies mice Balbc, infected with a cystogenic lineage ME-49 of T. gondii. Fifty animals have been intra-peritoneal inoculated with 10 cists of T. gondii (lineage ME-49) obtained from the maceration of mice brains of previously inoculated mice. The mice have been divided into three groups of 15 animals each and a negative control group (not infected and not treated) of 5 animals. All the animals have been daily accompanied, and the symptoms were verified during 20 days. After this period, two groups of 15 animals underwent specific therapy schemes in which; group A: pirimetamin (12,5mg/kg/day) + folic acid; group B: pirimetamin + folic acid + sulfadiazine (500mg/kg/day), orally administrated during 10 consecutive days. After this period, all animals have been scarified, with an interval of 5 days, and the blood has been collected by a heart puncture and the serum separated for the Indirect Immuno-fluorescence Reaction. The samples from the treated animals presented a significant diminution in the quantity of (IgG) antibodies evaluated by the two schemes by the indirect immuno-fluorescence reaction (t=3,5, and t=7,6 respectively), in relation to the control group. There have been no significant differences between the two therapeutic schemes (t=0,36). Our results have shown that the experimental precocious treatment reduces significantly the IgG levels, suggesting a diminution of antigenic stimulus, and consequently a better prognosis for toxoplasmosis.
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    Caracterização morfológica, molecular e biológica de fungos patogênicos a invertebrados dos Cerrados de Goiás
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-23) ROCHA, Luiz Fernando Nunes; KIPNIS, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741; LUZ, Wolf Christian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1104009511235835
    The high biodiversity of fungi pathogenic to invertebrates and their potential to control pests until today not well known emphasize the importance to look for new effective species and strains. The Cerrado is considered one of the hotspots of biodiversity and little is known about the occurrence and the potential of fungi pathogenic to invertebrates found in this biome. In the present study a survey of fungi was carried out in different areas of the Cerrado of Goiás. Samples of soil, slurry, water and moribund or dead insects were collected for isolation of fungi. Vectors of medical importance such as triatomines (Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius neglectus), mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus), ticks (Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) and snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) were used as baits for isolation of fungi. After isolation fungi were morphologically identified and included in the collection ofInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás. Some isolates of Evlachovaea and Metarhizium were molecularly characterized and activity tested against T. infestans. A total of 561 samples of soil (440), slurry (106) and water (15) was collected in different areas of Goiás State. Concerning samples collected at Fazenda Santa Branca, 68 isolates of pathogenic fungi were obtained and identified as belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Beauveria, Cladosporium, Evlachovaea, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Isaria,Lecanicillium, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Pochonia and Trichoderma. An total of 106 isolates of Metarhizium spp. and 6 of Evlachovaea spp. were sampled in other areas, being 65isolates of Metarhizium and 1 of Evlachovaea from the Ema National Park, 33 and 1 from the Northern portion of Goiás state, and 8 and 4 from the Silvânia National Forest, respectively.Most fungi were isolated from soils using triatomines as baits. Fungi from genera Aschersonia, Batkoa, Beauveria, Cordyceps, Evlachovaea, Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Pandora and Torrubiella were isolated from mycosed cadavers. All tested isolates of Metarhizium spp. and Evlachovaea spp. induced high mortality of T. infestans in relative humidity (RH) close to saturation. The lowest values for lethal time of 90% were 6.6 d (6.3 7.1 d; M. robertsii IP 34)and 7.1 d (6.7 7.8 d; Evlachovaea IP 141), after treatment of T. infestans and exposure to RH> 98%. The lethal concentration to obtain 50% mortality (LC50) of IP 34 was 2.8x103 (C.I. 4.4x102-4.6x103) and the LC90 was 7.2x103 (C.I. 4.4x103-6.4x105) CFU/cm2 at 10 d p.i. In RH 75% mortality of triatomines did not exceed 20%. Morphological studies and sequencing of the ITS and TEF region of Evlachovaea isolates showed that genus Evlachovaea must be synonymized with Isaria, and that the largest group of isolates previously identified as Evlachovaea are I. cateniannulata, whereas the smaller group is probably a new species of Isaria. The sequencing of the TEF and ITS regions showed that Metarhizium isolates belong to species M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. flavoviride var. pemphigi, and the largest group of Metarhizium isolates can be a new species of Metarhizium or a M. anisopliae variety. The results confirmed that in the Cerrado a high diversity of fungi is present and some of them, in special M. robertsii (IP 34) and Evlachovaea (IP 141) have potential for biological control of T. infestans
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    Estudo das alterações morohistológicas em larvas de Aedes aegypti submetidas ao tanino catéquino isolado da Magonia pubescene (Sapindaceae) e ao diterpeno de Copaifera reticulata(Leguminosae)
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-25) VALOTTO, Cleyde Ferreira Barreto; SILVA, Ionizete Garcia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021551669347602
    The dengue and yellow fever are caused by Flavivirus, and are an importants problems in public health in the range of tropical and subtropical world. There is only available vaccine for yellow fever. The transmission of both diseases to humans is by the bite of female Aedes aegypti. The vector control is done through the elimination of breeding potential, application of larvicides in collections of water for adults vectors space applications of insecticides. The problems arising from continuous use of chemical insecticides have been the emergence of resistant populations to these products and concern about the environmental damage caused by slow degradation. In search of alternatives for the vector control, studies are being developed with substances of botanical origin, with the aim to control the vectors and preserve the environment. The use of natural insecticides has some advantages when compared to synthetic because they are renewable and have rapid degradation. Moreover, its composition is quite complex, reducing the speed of emergence of resistance and be of low toxicity to mammals, birds and environment. This study presents the morphohistologic and ultrastructural changes of catechist tannin extracted from Magonia pubescens, and the Diterpene extracted from Copaifera reticulata on the larvae of A. aegypti with the objective to evidence the mechanisms of action of these substances. For light microscopy, the 3rd stage larvae were subjected to a solution of catechist tannin 37ppm and the diterpene 9ppm, where they remained for up to 24h. Larvae that reached lethargic state were collected and fixed in 4% in the paraformoldehyde buffer 0.1 M sodium cacodilate pH 7.2, included in resin and the slides stained with hematoxylineosin technique. For electron microscopy, larvae were subjected to the same concentrations of catechist tannin and diterpene, where they remained for 22 h. Larvae that reached lethargic state were collected and dissected and their gut fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformoldehyde, 3% sucrose in sodium buffer cacodilate 0.1 M pH 7.2 and post fixed in osmium tetroxide at 1% in cacodilate sodium 0.1 M. After this they were contrasted with uranyl acetate 1%, dehydrated, embedded and polymerized. The ultra sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate 3% and lead citrate and were caracterized by eletron microscopy. The changes caused by catechist tannin observed by light 20 and electron microscopy were high vacuolation, absence of cytoplasmic limits, cellular aging, cell disruption, vesicular apical formation with release of cytoplasmic content, increase in intercellular spaces, detachment of cells from the basal lamina and structural change of microvilli. Changes by diterpene by light and electron microscopy were high cytoplasmic vacuolation, cells and nuclei hypertrophy, degeneration of the edge brush, vesicular apical formation with release of cytoplasmic contents of cells, stratification of the epithelium and folds in the peritrophic matrix.