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Reconhecimento dos Antígenos Recombinantes MPT-51 e GlcB do Mycobacterium tuberculosis por Anticorpos Séricos de Indivíduos com Tuberculose Ativa
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-02-23) ALMEIDA, Cristina de Melo Cardoso; KIPNIS, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for more than 2 million deaths annually in the world. Although one third of the world population carries the bacilli, only 5% of the infected people develop active disease. 80% of TB cases are concentrated among 21 countries and Brazil is one of them. Due to the flaws existent inherent to the TB diagnostic, many works try to discover TB antigens to be used on an ELISA assay to detect active TB in underdeveloped countries, endemic for other mycobacterias such as leprosy (L). Several researches are identifying bacilli proteins obtained under nutritional culture stress, in order to mimic the intracellular milieu. It has been selected the immunodominant ones as a disease marker. The objective of this work was to characterize the humoral immune response among TB patients to rMPT-51 and rGlcB using an ELISA indirect test. It was included voluntaries that were HIV negative and the ones without pregnancy, chronic disease or under immunosuppressant treatment. Serum IgM and IgG against MPT-51 and GlcB recombinant antigen from 49 patients with active tuberculosis were measured by indirect ELISA, paired by sex and age with: healthy PPD negative individuals (controls) and lepromatous leprosy patients (LL). Patients with TB (0.810±0.319) showed higher levels of IgM against rMPT-51 than both LL individuals (0.454±0.195) and control (0.448±0.162) with statistical significant, p= 0.001 and p<0.001) respectively. These test showed 96.9% specificity and 67.3% sensitivity. Conversely, tuberculosis, controls, and LL individuals showed lower of MPT-51 IgG levels, which could not be distinguished among the groups. rGlcB antigen was able to distinguished TB patients from controls for IgM levels (specificity, 95.9 % and sensitivity, 8.2% ) and IgG levels (specificity, 99% and sensitivity, 18.2%). In order to evaluate the profiles of IgM and IgG against rMPT-51 and rGlcB before and after chemotherapy, the sera from 11 patients was collected and paired according to the treatment status (before or after). IgM and IgG against MPT-51 remained with the same profile levels before and after the treatment. The levels of serum IgG against rGlcB clearly diminished after the chemotherapy (p<0.01). Our results suggest that serum IgM levels against recombinant MPT-51 could to be useful to distinguish between active TB, controls and LL individuals. In addition, after TB treatment the IgG response to rGlcB diminished suggesting that it could be used to follow up of the TB treatment
Análise das Bases Moleculares da Resistência à Isoniazida e Rifampicina em Cepas Obtidas de Pacientes com Tuberculose no Estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-11) ALVES, Sueli Lemes de ávila; KIPNIS, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a challenge worldwide. Rapid diagnosis by molecular techniques can provide a more aggressive and appropriate initial therapy. This study aimed to analyze the molecular basis of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (R) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from cases of human tuberculosis in Goiás and to genetically determine the causes of the observed resistances. Of the 4.607 cultures for mycobacteria processed in the period of September of 2005 and December of 2007, 24 isolates from 16 patients resistant to at least H and/or R were analyzed. We compared the results obtained by phenotypic tests with mutations in key genes responsible for the development of resistance to these drugs, the rpoB gene for isolates resistant to R and katG gene for strains resistant to H. Seventy one percent of the isolates were resistant to H, and the mutations involved with resistance observed in the katG gene were in codon 315 (41%). The most frequent mutations observed in the rpoB gene of the R resistant isolates (71%) were in codons 456 (76.5%) and 451 (17.6%). Our findings are similar to those reported in the literature. We conclude that the percentage of agreement between genotypic and phenotypic tests was 41% for H and 94% for R considering the number of isolates and 40% and 91%, respectively considering the number of patients.
Avaliação do processo de descontaminação de brocas odontológicas e seu impacto no controle de infecção
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) ANDERS, Patrícia Staciarini; TIPPLE, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4288704233343920; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
Objective: to describe the process of decontamination of burs to assess the microbial contamination of burs after-processing that were available to the use to isolate and to identify the possible microorganisms Methods: This study was conducted in 110 private dental offices of the central area of Goiânia-Goiás during the period of March/2004 to August/2005 using a check-list measure of dry heat sterilizer temperature and microbial burs tests The burs were seeded in brain heart infusion broth incubated at 37ºC for 20 days and subcultured on specific agar to isolate microorganisms The isolates were identified by micro/macroscopic characteristics subcultured on specific agar biochemical/enzymatic test and automation technique (MicroScan ®) Results:A total of 110 burs were evaluated and 35 (31.8%) were contaminated Fungi were detected in 13 (30.2%) burs [Aspergillus sp (27.9%) and Micelia (2.3%)]; Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci) represented 13 (30.2%) isolates [2.3% Staphylococcus aureus and 27.9% (12) coagulase negative staphylococci] nine (20.9%) isolates were Gram-positive bacilli and eight (18,6%) fastidioso microorganisms Considering the obtained results some factors detected could be interfered in the burs sterilization ineficiency: enzymatic detergent inadequate use abrasive products use inadequate dry heat sterilization time and temperature multiple use burs kits and interruption the asseptical chain after sterilization Conclusion: The frequency of contaminated burs was high (31.8%) and it was detected failures in operational steps of burs processing and/or after sterilization
Isolamento, identificação e suscetibilidade in vitro de fungos causadores de onicomicose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-24) ATAÍDES, Fábio Silvestre; SILVA, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7119226630434725
Onychomycosis is the nail infection caused by a wide spectrum of fungi species, including yeasts, dermatophyte and filamentous fungi nondermatophytes (FFND). In this work, patients with lesions nails from Dermatology Department in Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás were studied. These patients were submitted to mycologic tests and the etiologic agents identified were evaluated on in vitro activity for systemic antifungal agents. During the period of March 2008 to March 2009, 114 patients clinically suspected of having onychomycosis were examinated. The nail samples collected were submitted to direct examination with potassium hydroxide 20% and grown in dextrose Sabouraud agar and specific fungal pathogens agar. The antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the method of broth microdilution, recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), through M38-A and M27-A2 documents. The onychomycosis diagnosis was established in 83.3% (95/114) patients, of which most were women between 40 to 59 years old. The isolated fungi were identified as yeasts in 54.6%; dermatophytes in 28.7%; and filamentous fungi nondermatophytes in 16.7%. Among yeasts, Candida parapsilosis was the most common etiologic agent (52.5%); among dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum was the most found (74.2), and among the filamentous fungi nondermatophytes, Fusarium spp was the most isolated genus (44.4%). Both distal and lateral subungual lesions were predominant in cases of onychomycosis by all the agents identified, showing that there was no correlation with the clinical presentation and etiology. Although most of the isolates have showed susceptible to several antifungal agents studied, five Candida spp strains were resistant; one to voriconazole, one species to itraconazole and three to amphotericin B. The in vitro susceptibility testing profile for dermatophytes was similar for each antifungal agent analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of itraconazole, ketoconazole and griseofulvin for 50% of isolates were lower than 1 μg/mL, and terbinafine was extremely low, with concentration 0.015 μg/mL for 90% of isolates. The MIC for itraconazole in 90% isolates of FFND was 16 g/mL, while for amphotericin B and voriconazole was 8 g/mL. In summary, this study showed a higher frequency of onychomycosis in women. Candida spp and dermatophytes with FFND emergence, especially of the genus Fusarium, were the main fungi involved. Besides, the presence of resistant fungi to some antifungal agents showed the need of using susceptibility tests for these fungi.
Caracterização de microrganismos isolados em manipuladores e dietas enterais de dois hospitais públicos de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-19) BORGES, Liana Jayme; ANDRÉ, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1475834090578722; SERAFINI, álvaro Bisol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9849440763539845
Enteral feeding means the nutrition for special purposes, with controlled intake of nutrients. The advantages of its use often become secondary to complications arising from its contamination, which may be associated with infectious complications. The microbial contamination of enteral feeding may occur during all steps being the handling, particularly critical. Considering the importance of enteral feeding as a therapeutic tool in hospitals and the need to guarantee the microbiological quality of the products offered to critical patients, the present work aimed to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary quality of diets and their ingredients and to identify and characterize phenotypic and genotypically, using the antibiogram and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus obtained from handlers hands and noses, water, module and enteral nutrition from two public hospital in Goiânia, Brazil in order to investigate the probable source of microbological contamination. A total of 80 samples were collected from enteral nutrition and 140 from hands and noses of handlers involved in the diets manufacturing in hospital 1 (H1), between october/2007 and november/2008 and 80 samples from enteral nutrition and 80 from hands and noses of handlers in hospital 2 (H2), between october/2008 and november/2008. From both hospitals were collected 40 samples from water and module. The samples were submitted to microbiological analysis to verify the presence and numbers of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. E. coli and S. aureus strains were submitted to antibiogram and PFGE. According to antibiogram, all S.aureus isolates (15) from H1 were susceptible to oxacillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Resistence profile was observed in 10 (66.7%) isolates for penicillin, four (26.7%) isolates for tetracycline and nine (60.0%) isolates for erythromycin, allowing to classify the strains in six different phenotypes (A-F), but it was not efficient for the determination of the bacterial source for the diets. In the H1, all (08) E. coli strains were susceptible to trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, gentamicin, ceftazidime and tetracycline. Resistence was observed in six (75.0%) isolates for ampicilin. In H2, all strains isolated (12) were susceptible to trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftazidime and resistence was observed in 11 isolates (91.7%) for cephalothin and 12 (100.0%) for tetracycline and ampicillin, grouping them into five different phenotypes (A-D). Microorganisms showed the same phenotypic profile from handlers and diet samples (phenotypes A and C), suggesting that in these cases, the source of microorganisms for the final product was the food handler. The genotypic typing of S. aureus strains by PFGE generated seven different DNA banding profiles and the E. coli genotyping generated five profiles. Based on the results, two E. coli strains isolated from diets were identical to one strain isolated from food handler from H2 and two of S. aureus isolated from diets were identical to one strain isolated from food handler from H1. This study shows that the enteral feedings showed unsatisfactory sanitary-hygienic conditions in both hospitals and the hand contact is probably one of the sources of greatest significance for enteral diets contamination in the hospital environment.
Resistência primária aos antirretrovirais e diversidade genética do HIV-1 em pacientes do estado do Tocantins.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-21) CARVALHO, Bruna Coelho; STEFANI, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905
Regional differences in the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 have been reported in Brazil, where there is scarce publication about the epidemic in north region. Despite the large number of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) belonging to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI and NNRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) classes, the selection of resistance-associated mutations may compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Primary resistance mutations, present prior to ARV use, occur mainly due to the transmission of resistant virus. This study describes the prevalence and profile of primary resistance mutations to ARV and the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in ARV naive patients from Tocantins State. For HIV-1 genotyping of the entire protease gene (PR) and 750 bp of reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, plasma RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA) and used as the target for nested polymerase chain reaction (K1/K2 and F2/DP10 primers) and fragments were sequenced (kit DYEnamic ET Dye Terminator, GE Healthcare; ABI Prism 3130). The sequences were edited by the Staden Package software. Primary drug resistance was analyzed using the Calibrated Population Resistance (CPR) tool employing the Stanford Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation (SDRM). The susceptibility profile of ARV mutations was analyzed by Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (hivdb.stanford.edu). HIV-1 genetic subtypes were identified by REGA HIV-1 and SIMPLOT softwares and by phylogenetic inference. Naïve patients (n=52) were recruited in LACEN/Palmas/TO between 2008-2010. The majority of investigated patients (59.6%) were males and 73.1% reported heterosexual exposure. Primary mutations that confer resistance to ARV were identified in 11.5% (06/52) of the isolates: BRTO08-43: M41L, L210W, T215D (NRTI); BRTO02-83: Y181C (NNRTI); BRTO13-83: D67G, K219E (NRTI); BRTO20-83: V108I, Y181C (NNRTI); BRTO02-66: M46L (PI); e BRTO13-66: V90I, K103N (NNRTI). Isolates with concordant subtypes in PR/RT regions represented 86.5% (45/52): subtype BPRBRT=78.8% (41/52), subtype CPRCRT=5.8% (3/52), subtype F1PRF1RT=1.9%. Isolates with discordant subtypes in PR and RT genes indicating intersubtype recombination represented 13.5% (07/52): BPRF1TR=1.9% (01/52); BPRBF1TR=7.7% (04/52) e CPRCF1TR=3.9% (02/52). Our study among naive patients from Tocantins State describes moderate prevalence of primary resistance to ARV, the predominance of subtype B that co-circulates with subtype C and a significant number of B/F1 and C/F1 recombinant forms. These results indicate the transmission of ARV resistant HIV-1 isolates among patients from a small inland city in north Brazil, where the epidemic is more recent. In this context, it is important to monitor the prevalence of primary drug resistance in order to assess the need and the cost-benefit of the implementation of pre-treatment genotipic tests aiming to optimize the choice of the ARV regimen among naive patients from Tocantins State.
Atividade inseticida do extrato bruto etanólico de persea americana (lauraceae) sobre larvas e pupas de aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-25) CARVALHO, George Harrison Ferreira de; SILVA, Ionizete Garcia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021551669347602
In the search for new alternatives for control of Aedes aegypti, in view of its resistance to chemical insecticides in use, research on plant substances has been increasing, due to be degradable and less toxic to vertebrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of crude ethanol extract (cee) of bark of Persea americana Mill, on larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti in the laboratory and field. After obtaining this cee was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thus obtaining the test solution. For each test, and repetition, in both laboratory and field were used 100 larvae of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars and 100 pupae too. The same amount of larvae and pupae was used for the groups positive and negative controls, performed respectively with temephos at 1 ppm and 1.6% of the DMSO. Both the laboratory bioassays and field were conducted with key artificial urban tire, glass and plastic. The results showed the insecticidal activity of the cee P. americana larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, both in laboratory and field. There was 100% mortality of the larvae of the 1st and 2nd instars in the laboratory at a dose of 5 ppm and field at a dose of 10 ppm. In the laboratory the LC50 and LC90 were respectively 7.2 and 19.3 ppm for 3rd instar, 6.6 and 15.4 ppm for 4th instar and 93.6 and 158.7 ppm for pupae. Following the same order, in the field, the LC50 and LC90 were 27.8 and 51.3 ppm plows the 3rd instar, 23.8 and 46.9 ppm for the 4th instar and 145.3 and 261.9 ppm for the pupae. The most important factor of this study was the effect pupicida of P. americana, because it is very rare to find this effect on other products, both natural and synthetic.Tests acute oral toxicity in rats were conducted to cee this plant that proved to be nontoxic according to norms (Acute Toxic Class Method - OECD 423) for products of plant origin.
Análise bioquímica e equilíbrio ácido-base em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907), sob a exposição ao Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius, 1837), planta moluscicida do Cerrado brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) FERREIRA, Cirlane Silva; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846
The state of Goiás represents a high risk to schistosomiasis stablishment area The presence of the intermediate host Biomphalaria sp added to high migration levels of people from endemic regions of the country are evidences that favour the installation of this disease life cycle In this state of Goiás there are reports of high parasitary intensity and even cases of paraplegia associated with schistosomiasis. The Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius 1837) known locally as Barbatimão de folha pequena is reported as a molluscicide plant This paper assesses the activity of gross bark extracts from S polyphyllum on the metabolism and on the acid-alkaline balance of B glabrata The mollusks were exposed to the extract at 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations for 24 hours and compared to a control group The concentrations of glucose calcium urea proteins and the activity of the following enzymes dehydrogenases lactate and aminotransferases were estimated using the spectrophotometry method The organic acids citrate propionate α- cetoglutarate succinate acetate malate fumarate pyruvate and lactate were detected and quantified using the liquid chromatography method Of all the organic acids found in the hemolymph, only citrate and propionate presented a significant alteration The acid-alkaline balance was verified by measuring the concentrations found in the pH oxygen carbonic gas carbonate ions and oxygen saturation using Radiomiter equipment The S polyphyllum extract tested proved effective due to celular toxicity on B glabrata(Say 1818) Alterations verified in the biochemical dosages reflect the metabolic disturbances in the hemolymph of the mollusk The Cirlane Silva Ferreira x extract interference caused an increase in the levels of glucose urea calcium aspartate alanine aminotransferases and carbonic gas pressure simultaneously causing a decrease in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase pH oxygen pressure carbonate ions and oxygen saturation This study confirms the bioactivity of the S polyphyllum aqueous extract on B glabrata One of the main contributions of the methodology used is that it enabled observation after direct contact with the extract that proved bioactivity on the metabolism of the mollusk The analysis of the aqueous extract taken from the bark of the barbatimão may be the basis for new and less toxic as well as less costly alternative for the control of schistosomiasis in Brazil, where the savannah is vast and financial resources are often scarce in the health sector
Tétano acidental, um problema de saúde pública susceptível de controle
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2001-12-14) FERREIRA, Denise Milioli; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045
Accidental tetanus is a millenary disease of high lethal indices, even when proven and effective, low cost prophylactics are available. Several studies have tried to identify the physiopathological process which releases the succession of clinical manifestations of the disease. The objective of these studies is to recognize and make available a new strategy for the treatment of tetanus after exposition to the toxin. The diagnosis of tetanus is eminently clinical. Several factors may occur during the evolution of the disease which complicate its prognosis. The most frequent complications are infections and autonomic dysfunction. Several therapeutic options exist. However, they have a supportive and symptomatic role. This study has as its objective to show the complexity which involves the physiopathological process and treatment of accidental tetanus as well as to emphasize that the only effective way of reducing tetanic mortality is, doubtless, a better vaccine coverage of susceptible individuals. NOTE: Essay with review articles. This is the sum of the first.
Prevalência e fatores de riscos associados à infecção por Neisseria gonorrhoeae em adolescentes e jovens do sexo feminino em um município de médio porte do Estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-05-30) FONSECA, Zulmirene Cardoso; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045
BACKGROUND: Adolescents and youth are the group most vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which are among the most prevalent infections in the world and represent a serious impact on reproductive health in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors for infection by N. gonorrhoeae and co-positivity with C. trachomatis in sexually active adolescents and young adults living in a midsize city of Goias and describe the socio-demographic and behavioral profile of the population seen at the Family Health Program (PSF). METHODOLOGY: The study was designed as a prevalence study in 651 adolescents and young adults, not pregnant, 15 to 24 years were enrolled in the Family Health Program (FHP) in Inhumas, Goiás were excluded pregnant or postpartum teens in antibiotics or menstruating. The diagnosis of gonococcal infection and infection by C. trachomatis was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in endocervical specimens using the Roche Amplicor kit for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. The socio-demographic and sexual behavior were obtained through a questionnaire as an interview. Univariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors associated with infection. Endocervical swab samples were collected from 322 sexually active patients to dtect the DNA of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. RESULTS: The mean age of 428 sexually active adolescents and young adults was 18.6 (SD = 2.7), with 64.3% single. Inconsistent use of condoms was observed in 78.0% of girls and 11.9% never used it. The first sexual intercourse occurred before the age of fifteen in 23.4%. Pregnancy before age 20 occurred in 90% and 23.5% of them before age 15. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8 to 6.2) in 322 patients from whom samples were collected endocervical swab. Co-infection with chlamydia was 27.3%. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factor associated with infection by N.gonorrhoeae was not using condoms. CONCLUSIONS: Young women and adolescents in this study exhibited various behaviors considered at risk for STDs and those who reported not using condoms had a higher risk of being infected by the gonococcus. WORDS - KEY: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Adolescents Prevalence; STD; PCR.
Aspectos psicopatológicos na hanseníase e nas reações hansênicas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) JUNQUEIRA, Alessandra Vidal e; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045; CAIXETA, Leonardo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9536747113677509
Hansen s disease (leprosy) is an endemic infectious disease in underdeveloped countries Disease s burden and reaction episodes can lead to anxious and depressive symptoms relatively frequent although poorly explored in leprosy To 90 patients presenting leprosy and 30 without the disease, but under the same environmental stress conditions in Goiânia-GO Brazil were applied the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Patients with leprosy were distributed in three groups of 30: group 1 without reactions; group 2: outpatients with reactions; group 3: inpatients with reactions The group 4 was composed by individuals without the disease Higher scores were found in leprosy patients than in the group without the disease with statistically significant differences specially between groups 3 and 4 Leprosy patients without reactions had lower scores (60%) Depressive symptoms were more common in reactions 83.3% in outpatients and 96.7% in medical inpatients The most symptoms found were anxiety depression lack of labor capacity and insomnia We concluded that anxious and depressive symptoms were more frequent in leprosy patients mainly in those with severe reactions
Fenotipagem de bactérias isoladas em hemoculturas de pacientes admitidos na unidade clínica de terapia intensiva de um hospital escola
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) LEÃO, Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
Introduction: In hospitals the bloodstream infections represent a serious complication in critical patients The detection of bacteria in blood cultures is considered an important diagnosis instrument This study aimed to detect and characterize bacteria from blood of clinical intensive care unit admitted patients of a teaching hospital in Goiânia-Goiás in the period of April/2003 to April/2004 Methods: The blood samples were seeded in brean heart infusion broth (Bacto - BD Diagnostic Systems/ USA) incubated until 7 days at 37oC and subcultived on chocolate agar to isolated microorganisms The isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical / enzymatic test and automation technique The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile were performed by MicroScan ® system. Results: A total of 304 blood cultures of 195 patients were evaluated Forty-nine (16.1%) bloods cultures were positive The Gram-positive cocci represented 47.7% of isolated and Gram-negative rods 50.0% One (2.3%) coryneform bacilli were isolated The most prevalent specie was Pseudomonas stutzeri (18.2%) The Gram-positive cocci and enterobacterias showed higher resistance rate against ampicillin; 66.7% of staphylococci were oxacillin resistant and 77.8% of pseudomonas were resistant aztreonam Vancomycin and linezolid were the most active agents for Gram-positive cocci and the carbapenems for Gram-negative rods Conclusion: The frequency of positive blood cultures was 16.1% with a similar distribution of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that showed high resistance rate against antimicrobial agents Due to the impact of bloodstream infection in the hospital context others studies are necessary to support measure of prevention and control
Ocorrência da infecção por Trichomonas vaginalis em mulheres HIV positivas e negativas atendidas em hospitais de referência em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-12-17) LEMOS, Patrícia Abreu Pinheiro de; GARCÍA-ZAPATA, Marco Túlio Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3672512339058369
This study evaluated the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) and negative (HIV-) women in Goiania, Goiás, Brazil, comparing the presence of the parasite in the two groups and correlating it with the conditions of immunodeficiency present in these women. The diagnostic techniques used, wet mount microscopy, culture and cytology, were also evaluated, and the principal inflammatory alterations in the two groups were assessed. The HIV+ samples (test group) were collected at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases and in the Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, whereas the HIVnegative samples (control group) were collected at the Maternity Hospital. Swabs were used for wet mount microscopy (saline solution) and for culture (Diamond s medium), and Ayre s spatula and brush were used for the cytology smears, which were fixed using a commercial fixative. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, 125 HIV-positive test samples and 112 HIV-negative controls. The overall frequency of T. vaginalis was 13.9%, 18.4% in the HIV+ and 8.9% in the HIV- group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05); however, the infection was not associated with immunodeficiency according to CD4, viral count and lymphocytes. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of the parasite between HIV+ and HIVpregnant women (22.6% versus 12.5%). Culture identified a frequency of T. vaginalis of 13.9%, while cytology identified a rate of 13.5% and wet mount microscopy 11.4%. Perinuclear halos were the most frequent inflammatory alteration; however, there was no difference between the groups
Prevalência de bastonetes gram-negativos isolados da nasofaringe de crianças de creches do município de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-11) LIMA, Ana Beatriz Mori; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
Introduction: the nasopharynx (NP) constitutes the primary ecological reservoir or source of dissemination of microorganisms as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Several studies demonstrated that asymptomatic nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of pathogens is prevalent in young infants and precedes the development of invasive disease. Children in day-care centers act as an important vector for horizontal spread of the respiratory pathogens and GNB within the community. The infants are susceptible to condition of carrier and take a fundamental role in the epidemiology of respiratory infections. The nasopharyngeal flora becomes established during the first year of life and is densely colonized by a broad variety of microorganisms, commensal bacteria as well as potential pathogens that may cause infections. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that many factors influence nasopharyngeal carriage rates: age, gender, season, acute respiratory illness, exposure to other children, socio-economic status, family size, warm-climate countries, passive smoking exposure, antibiotic therapy are risk factors of colonization of the NP by BGN. Objective: this study aimed to determinate the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of BGN isolated from NP of children less than five years old attending day-care centers at municipality of Goiânia. Methods: the investigation was conducted in the municipality of Goiânia as part of an ongoing prospective surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus in children of 62 day-care centers. The surveillance was carried out from August to December, 2005 and was collected 1192 samples. The nasopharyngeal specimens were collected with a transwab, extrathin and flexible, placed in Stuart transport medium tubes and transported to the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Federal University of Goias-Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health to processing. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram staining technique and according to standardized tests. Susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. Results: a total of 106 (8,9%) Gram-negative bacilli were isolated and 13 species were identified. The species more prevalent were twenty-six (24,5%) Enterobacter aerogenes, seventeen (16,0%) K. pneumoniae, eleven (10,4%) E. coli, eight (7,5%) E. agglomerans and five (4,7%) Pseudomonas sp. It was observed that forty-three (57,3%) GNB were resistant to ampicillin; twenty (26,7%) to trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole; eighteen (24,0%) showed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nine (12,0%) presented resistance to tetracycline. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was not detected. Conclusion: in this study was demonstrated that young children attending in daycare centers at municipality of Goiania might be GNB carrier and therefore have a fundamental role in the dissemination of microorganisms involved in community-acquired infections. It is necessary that more studies be developed to establish strategies more effectives to minimize the problem of the nasopharyngeal colonization and communityacquired infections due to importance and seriousness that both represent in the public health.
Reação imunoenzimática (ELISA) para detecção de imunoglobulina M, imunoglobulina G e imunoglobulina A contra a proteína rHsp-X (Rv 2031c)de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em pacientes com tuberculose pleural
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-18) LIMONGI, Loanda Carvalho Sant'ana; KIPNIS, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987
Pleural tuberculosis (TBP) has often spontaneous resolution, even without treatment. However, the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment can lead to the occurrence of pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in 65% of the cases, in the five years subsequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the recombinant Hsp-X antigen (rHsp-X) in an enzyme immunoassay for determining the presence of TBP in patients with pleural effusion. For this study we used 132 samples of serum and pleural fluid (PF) from patients with pleural effusion. Of these, 97 samples were from TBP patients and 35 patients with diseases other than tuberculosis (NTBP) (28 patients with metastatic cancer, 1 patient with congestive heart failure, 2 patients whit liver failure, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 patients with parapneumonic effusion). The IgM levels of PF were higher in patients with PTB than NTBP, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for the PF was 42% and 83%, respectively. Testing for IgG from the serum and the PF against the recombinant antigen Hsp-X were not effective in discriminating TB patients from other diseases, the sensitivity was found to be 13% and 16% using serum and LP, respectively, with the same specificity of 83%. TBP patients presented higher levels of IgA specific for the rHSP-X than NTBP, the IgA ELISA using PF presented better sensitivity (65%) than using serum (39%), while the IgA ELISA for both types of samples presented the same specificity (83%). In conclusion, the recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rHsp-X by IgA antibodies from the PF of patients with TBP reveals its possible role in the development of a diagnostic test for additional cases of TBP. Further studies must be conducted to confirm this hypothesis.
Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em Afro-descendentes de comunidade isolada no Estado de Goiás (Kalungas)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-12-18) MATOS, Márcia Alves Dias de; MARTINS, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs throughout the world. In Africa, this infection is highly endemic, with the majority of individuals becoming infected during childhood. Although Brazil has been globally considered a country of HBV intermediate endemicity, variable rates have been found in all five Brazilian regions and even inside the same region. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and molecular profile of the HBV infection among the Kalunga population in Goiás, Central Brazil, which is considered the largest Afro-Brazilian isolated community. A total of 878 individuals were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors and HBV vaccination. Blood samples were collected from all participants and serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs serological markers. HBsAg-positive samples were submitted to HBeAg and anti-HBe detection. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive samples were tested for HBV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping by subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and nucleotide sequencing of preS/S region. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 35.4% (95% CI: 32.3-38.7). HBsAg carrier rate was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.1- 3.0). Multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that increased age, male gender, illiteracy and history of multiple sexual partners were associated with this infection. Isolated anti-HBs was found in 301 (34.3%) individuals who were immune for hepatitis B. HBV DNA was detected in 75% (12/16) of the HBsAg positive samples, in 100% (2/2) of the HBeAg and in 83.3% (10/12) of the anti-HBe positive samples. An occult HBV infection rate of 1.7% (5/295) was found among anti-HBc positive individuals. All genotyped isolates belonged to genotype A by RFLP analysis. Nucleotide sequencing of preS/S region confirmed the circulation of genotype A (subgenotype Aa) in this community. The epidemiological findings indicate that preventive measures, such as additional health education and HBV vaccination programs, are needed to control HBV infection in this population. In addition, the molecular results suggest the introduction of genotype A, subgenotype Aa in Brazil from Africa during the slave trade.
Ação leishmanicida de extratos de plantas no desenvolvimento de promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis e estudo do perfil metabólico utilizando a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE).
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) MENDES, Josireny Mariano; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846
Two million new cases of Leishmaniose occur annually in the tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, with a estimate of twelve million people currently infected in world and three hundred and fifty million under infection risk. The Leishmania sort, responsible for the disease, understands many diverse and complex species that present resistance to the drugs used in its treatment, beyond the characteristics undesirable. The effectiveness of the control and treatment of a parasitic disease depends on the detailed knowledge of the cycle of life, metabolism and biology in general of the parasite. The World Health Organization, associated with other agencies of research has stimulated the extract inquiry new of native plants as alternative for the treatment and combat of the parasitic disease In this work one standardized techniques of studies biochemists through liquid chromatography high performace (HPLC) evaluating organic acid excretion and consumption of in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and became fullfilled biotests with Magonia pubescens (tingui) and Glycyrrhisa glabra (alcaçuz) in the concentrations of 25 50 and 100 mg.L-1 The acid had been detected following: lactate oxalate citrate -Ketoglutarate succinate fumarate malate and propionate demonstrated activities in the glycolytic pathway cycle of Krebs and respiratory chain Both the tested extracts had presented leishmanicid action with better effect for Glycyrrisa glabra 100 mg.L-1 and Magonia pubescens 25 mg.L-1 The Glycyrrisa glabra had better action in the stationary phase of growth to opposes it of Magonia pubescens that better acted in the logaritmic phase Chemical components of plants can act directly or indirectly in the metabolism of the parasite affecting essential metabolic pathways
Prevalência da infecção e caracterização molecular no vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas 1 (HTLV-1) em remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil Central
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-27) NASCIMENTO, Laura Branquinho do; CARNEIRO, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; MARTINS, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) has infected human beings for thousands of years, but knowledge about the infection is only recently emerging. The virus can be transmitted from mother to child, through sexual contact, and contaminated blood products. There are endemic areas for this infection in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. African individuals were introduced in Brazil by slave trade. Some of them escaped to remote valleys and stayed in communities, called quilombos. Nowadays, their history and tradition allows them to be identified as remnants of quilombos. The epidemiological status of HTLV infection of these communities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and molecular profile of HTLV infection among remnant communities in Central Brazil. This study included 1,837 individuals from 13 quilombo remnant communities in the States of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. They were interviewed about demographic and risk characteristics known to be associated with HTLV transmission. Blood samples were collected from all individuals and screened by ELISA for the presence of antibodies to HTLV 1/2. Positive samples were tested for confirmation by western blot and/or PCR. Also, they were submitted to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Of the 1,837 individuals, nine were found to be positive by ELISA. All of them were confirmed as being positive for HTLV-1, resulting in an anti-HTLV prevalence of 0.5% (CI 95%: 0.2-1.0). The HTLV-1 infected individuals ranged in age from 11 to 82 years. Seven were females and two were male. Regarding risk characteristics, history of breastfeeding (9/9), blood transfusion (2/9), multiple sexual partners (2/9) and history of sexually transmitted diseases (1/9) were reported by the infected individuals. The virus isolates were classified as Transcontinental subgroup of the HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype. The association of phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological data suggests the intrafamilial transmission of the HTLV-1 among three generations of one family in Boa Sorte Mato Grosso do Sul community. These findings show a low endemicity for HTLV-1 infection and the circulation of the Transcontinental subgroup of the HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype in quilombo remnant communities in Central Brazil.
Meningites Bacterianas Agudas em crianças e adolescentes: Fatores de risco para óbito ou seqüelas precoces
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-11-26) NEVES, Jane Marcia Brito das; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045
Objetive: To identify possible risk factors associate with poor prognosis among children and teenagers with acute bacterial meningitis Methods: Prevalence study with casecontrol analysis by review of medical records of patients aged 1 month to 19 years admitted to Tropical Disease Hospital in Goiânia Goiás with acute bacterial meningitis from 1 january 1998 to 31 december 2001 Patients who died or had one or more neurological sequelae at discharge were cosidered cases and patients with the same diagnosis but discharged with healthy recoveries as controls Risk factors for adverse outcome such as age sex proceeding area period between onset of symptoms and hospital admission history of antibiotic use etiologic agent meningeous signs level of consciousness convulsion circulatory and respiratory distress and laboratory values including peripheral white blood cels counts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level CSF glucose level and CSF white blood cels count were analysed Univariate analysis and logistics regression was used to evaluate the association between death or neurologic sequelae (depedents variables) and each risk factors (independent variable) Results: Of the 409 children and 117 teenagers admitted during the period of study 430 discharged with healthy recoveries 43 (8,2%) died and 53 (10,1%) had at least one sequelae at discharge (motor deficit, seizure hydrocephalus hearing impairment, cranial nerve deficits cerebral palsy and ataxia) Age < 24 months circulatory and respiratory distress torpor or coma seizure absence of meningeous signs proceeding area and peripheral white blood cels count < 5000/ mm³ were associated with poor prognosis However, age <24 months respiratory distress and torpor or coma were independently associated with adverse outcome Conclusion: Age < 24 months respiratory distress and torpor or coma were the main risk factors independently associated with poor prognosis Early identification of the all risk factors is very important to select the patients who need special care during of stay in hospital and after discharge at least until school age
DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E INDICADORES ENTOMOLÓGICOS DE TRIATOMÍNEOS SINANTRÓPICOS, CAPTURADOS NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS, BRASIL.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) OLIVEIRA, Antonio Wilson Soares de; SILVA, Ionizete Garcia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021551669347602
The Chagas disease occurs from the United States to Patagonia, affecting about 16 million peopleThis disease was always associated with poverty conditions which are represented by the primitive houses made out of wood and mud The incidence of this infection in Brazil was estimated at a hundred thousand annual new cases in the end of the seventies and has a prevalence of 4,2% in the rural population The highest rates were found in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul with the seroprevalence of 8,8% following by Goiás (7,4%) and Bahia (5,4%) In Goiás within 2000 and 2003 249.868 home units were investigated and 51.570 triatomíneos were captured with 335 specimens infected by T. cruzi The peridomiciliar infestation was significantly bigger than the intradomiciliar by the species Triatoma sordida following by Panstrongylus megistus The inverse was observed with the species Rhodnius neglectus Panstrongylus geniculatus and Triatoma pseudomaculata (p <0,018) There was not significant difference in the infestations intra and peridomiciliar by the species Panstrongylus diasi Triatoma costalimai and Triatoma williami Only one specimen of Triatoma infestans was captured in the year 2000

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