Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Item Cruzamento dialélico de genótipos da mini-coleção nuclear de arroz da Embrapa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-26) Mendonça, João Antônio; Oliveira, Jaison Pereira de; Chaves, Lázaro José; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Chaves, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Moraes, Orlando PeixotoThe Embrapa Rice Core Collection (ERICC) was established aiming to represent the genetic variability of the rice Genebank of Embrapa Rice and Beans. The agronomic and molecular characterization of 550 accessions from ERICC enabled to know the extension of the genetic variability of this collection. The molecular data from ERICC genotyping using 86 SSR markers were used to set up a sub-sample, known as Mini-ERICC, which was assembled with the 24 accessions with higher average genetic distance, 12 from upland and 12 from lowland accessions. Since the Mini-ERICC represents a large part of the rice genetic variability from Brazil, the crossings among its accessions could create several new allelic combinations. This dissertation aimed to determine, by means of diallel crosses from Mini-ERICC lowland accessions, plus four additional genotypes from ERICC, the estimates of genitor effect, genitor heterosis, Specific Combining Ability (SCA), General Combining Ability (GCA) and the correlation between heterosis and molecular genetics distance. The 16 genitors and 120 F1 hybrids were evaluated by 10 traits in a field experiment using a 12 x 12 Lattice experimental design. It was possible to identify crosses with high SCA for all traits. These information will be useful in planning new broad genetic basis crosses, aiming new hybrid combinations and the development of populations to extract genetically divergent inbred lines in relation to those currently selected in Brazilian rice breeding programs.The 33 hybrid combinations that did not differ the productivity in relation to high-yielding genitors and controls (P<0,05) indicated that crosses involving at least one less adapted genitor are able to generate favorable allele combinations to breeding programs. The RW genetic distance between genitors from hybrid combinations was positively correlated to traits plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and negatively correlated to percentage of filled grains and yield. The crossings with rice must prioritize, initially, the maximization of rice genetic variability, and at the end, the development of lines and cultivars with new favorable allele and allele combinations, resulting in a reduction of the rice vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses, increasing the yield and the food security of the Brazilian population.Item Interação genótipo x ambiente em soja com ênfase na estratificação ambiental para a região central do Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-19) Branquinho, Rodrigo Gomes; Duarte, João Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4117228759548186; Duarte, João Batista; Chaves, Lázaro José; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Pacheco, Roberto MirandaThe objective of this study was to establish a consistent environmental stratification for the region of soybean cropping in Central Brazil, based on genotype by environment (GE) interaction analysis. For this, yield data from variety trials conducted by Embrapa Cerrados in partnership with others Brazilian institutions, during seven growing seasons (2002/03 to 2008/09), were used. The study covered six experimental sets that were related to the genotypes of three maturity groups (early, medium and late), and two commercial groups (soybean conventional and transgenic RR), totaling 559 trials analyzed. The statistical treatment of data was performed in two stages: first, analyses of variance were performed for each experiment, from which the estimates of treatment mean (combination of genotype and environment) were obtained. In the second stage the joint and GE interaction analyses were performed. Thus, the yield mean of each genotype in each environment were submitted to the AMMI analysis (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction model), that led to choose a model with only one principal component (AMMI1). As result of this analysis, the genotypes and environments were jointly represented in a scatter plot called biplot (graph that display the rows and columns of a matrix; in this case, genotypes and environments are marginal in this table). To stratify the target region, the approach of winner genotypes (Gauch & Zobel, 1997; Crop Sci. 37: 311-326) was used. In this approach each stratum is composed by locations that shared a same winner genotype (one that is the higher yielding mean ranking of a location). In the AMMI1 biplot, the boundaries of each stratum were identified by horizontal lines drawn from the ordinate points (scores) corresponding to the environment of transition between two strata, which are characterized by their winner genotypes. With this information, the environmental strata were established for each growing year and experimental set. The maturity groups of assessed lines determined the environmental stratification obtained. Thus, the following locations were grouped to other localities, presenting a characteristic of redundancy: a) early maturity group (seven strata): (Campo Novo do Parecis, Maracajú, São Miguel do Araguaia, Tangará da Serra); (Conquista, Nuporanga, Sidrolândia, Sorriso); (Cristalina, Iraí, Sacramento); (Montividiu, Sonora, Tapurah); (Capinópolis, Senador Canedo); (Guaíra, Morro Agudo); and (Lucas do Rio Verde, Sapezal); b) medium maturity group (four strata): (Anápolis, Montividiu, Tangará da Serra); (Barreiras, Campo Novo do Parecis, Uberaba-Chapadões); (Chapadão do Sul, Conquista, Maracajú, Sonora); and (São Gabriel, Sorriso, Uberaba-Epamig); c) late maturity group (five strata): (Campo Novo do Parecis, Planaltina, Senador Canedo, Tapurah); (Iraí, Sacramento, Sonora); (Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso); (Goiatuba, Tangará da Serra); and (Barreiras, São Desidério). Were also identified key-locations to conduct the trials in the final stage of genotypic evaluation (advanced variety trials): a) early maturity group: Anápolis, Barretos, Campos de Júlio, Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Goiatuba, Igarapava, Jataí, Luziânia, Morro Agudo, Planaltina, Primavera do Leste, Sacramento, São Gabriel do Oeste, São Miguel do Araguaia, Sapezal, Sidrolândia, Sonora, Uberaba-Chapadões, Uberaba-Epamig e Unaí;b) medium maturity group: Barreiras, Barretos, Campo Alegre, Campos de Júlio,Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Cristalina, Goiatuba, Iraí, Jataí, Lucas do Rio Verde, Luziânia, Montividiu, Perolândia, Planaltina, Primavera do Leste, Rio Verde, Sacramento, São Desidério, Senador Canedo, Sorriso e Unaí; c) late maturity group: Anápolis, Campo Alegre, Campo Novo do Parecis, Campos de Júlio, Capinópolis, Chapadão do Céu, Chapadão do Sul, Cristalina, Goiatuba, Jataí, Luziânia, Montividiu, Primavera do Leste, Rio Verde, São Desidério, São Gabriel do Oeste, Sonora, Sorriso, Uberaba-Chapadões, Uberaba-Epamig e Unaí. Finally, among the locations recommended for the network of advanced trials, one was also appointed as key-location to conduct the initial stages of genotypes assessment in each maturity group. The locations Campos de Júlio (to early group), Rio Verde (medium and late groups) were in order indicated because resulted the best rankings of the winner genotypes through the target region.Item Variabilidade genética quantitativa e molecular em uma coleção de germoplasma de Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-15) Almeida Júnior, Edivaldo Barbosa de; Chaves, Lázaro José; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Chaves, Lázaro José; Vasconcellos, Breno de Faria e; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC)., is a native species of Cerrado. The plant is known for fruit production, which are used in natura or processed in several ways. It also provides food for the local fauna and, therefore, it conservation is important for maintenance for the communities. In order to maintain the productivity potential of the species, we should invest on plant breeding programs. To support these programs and help the species conservation, it is important to characterize the genetic variability available to breeders, both in germplasm collections and natural populations. This could also help to recommend priority areas to collect and conserve the germplasm. Neutral molecular markers have been used to evaluate the distribution of genetic variability in natural populations. The genetic structure of populations is the result of historical interaction between genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. To detect the influence of adaptive processes in the genetic differentiation of populations we used 𝑄𝑆𝑇 index. The comparison of 𝑄𝑆𝑇 to the 𝐹𝑆𝑇, for neutral loci, provides values to test hypotheses about the role of natural selection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the germplasm collection of the cagaiteira from the EA/UFG. We used quantitative traits and microsatellite markers to make inferences about the role of natural selection in the differentiation of the cagaiteira subpopulations of Goiás, Southeast Brazil. Data collected from the quantitative traits were: plant height (AB), height of the first bifurcation (AB), the stem circumference (CC) and mean diameter of the crown projection (DC), leaf length (CL), leaf width (LL), leaf format (FF) and footstalk length (CP). Molecular data were obtained by amplification of eight microsatellite loci. We estimated the following quantitative genetic parameters: heritability and genetic variation coefficient, and the molecular parameters: gene diversity and allelic richness. We compared the probability distributions of the genetic structure parameters for both, quantitative and molecular data (𝑄𝑆𝑇 vs. 𝐹𝑆𝑇). From the quantitative genetic parameters we found modest responses to selection for the traits: AP, CC and DC; and significant responses for CL, LL, FF and CP. It was observed that the samples collected in natural populations are well represented in the germplasm collection, supported by molecular gene diversity. The traits AP, DC and DC are under convergent natural selection, and the traits CL, LL, FF and CP are under divergent natural selection into the cagaiteira subpopulations of Southeast Goiás.Item Mapeamento genético de marcadores DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology) em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-28) Silva, Daniel Garcia; Novaes, Evandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0568272239145336; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Novaes, Evandro; Sibov, Sergio Tadeu; Carneiro, Monalisa SampaioSugarcane is an important crop, cultivated in more than 90 countries, occupying an area of approximately 20 million of hectares. Modern varieties (Saccharum spp.) are highly heterozygous interspecific hybrids, polyploids and often aneuploids, with chromosome numbers between 100 and 130. Such characteristics explain the common opinion that the genome of sugarcane is the most complex among cultivated species, posing a challenge to breeding programs. As a contribution to the understanding of this complex genomic architecture, this study aimed to build the first linkage maps using exclusively DArT markers in sugarcane. The maps were built using a progeny derived from the cross between varieties largely used in the Brazilian breeding program of RIDESA (RB97327 x RB72454). The initial mapping population comprised 186 individuals. Total genomic DNA was extracted from axial buds, following the protocol of Al-Janabi et al. (1999). Using the DArT P/L core facility to generate DArT data, a total of 7680 markers were analyzed, of which 850 were polymorphic. The analysis of segregation patterns in the progeny revealed that 47% of the individuals in the progeny were in fact derived from selfing of the female parent RB97327. These individuals were analyzed as a distinct generation. Linkage analyses were then performed on two populations (from selfing and crossing) separately. The software OneMap was used to construct the maps. The established linkage criteria for linkage analysis were LOD-score ≥ 3.5 and recombination fraction ≤ 0.4. In the first map, built using data from individuals originated from selfing, from 850 polymorphic markers, 392 markers (segregating in a 3:1 manner) were used to create 80 linkage groups related to the variety RB97327. For the population derived from the biparental crossing, four linkage maps were built: an integrated map composed of 98 linkage groups including 632 markers (1:1 and 3:1); an integrated framework map, using a more conservative ordering criteria for the linkage groups, which was composed of 94 linkage groups; and two other linkage maps, one for each parent (RB97327 and RB72454), built to estimate the genome size of the varieties involved in this study. The total length of the linkage map built using data from individuals derived from selfing of the variety RB97327 was 828 cM. The total length of the integrated linkage map was 2848 cM. The lengths of the maps built for each parent, using data from individuals derived from crossing, were 1465 cM (RB97327) and 1976 cM (RB72454). Using the methodology of Hulbert et al. (1988), the estimated genome sizes for these varieties were 2811 cM e 3471 cM, respectively. The maps obtained in these cases covered a low percentage of the estimated genome sizes (52% and 57%). In spite of the low polymorphism, DArT markers showed to be an efficient technique to perform genotyping of sugarcane. Hundreds of polymorphic markers were generated in only one assay, using two methods of genome complexity reduction. These markers represent a new tool for genetic studies in sugarcane, especially if the low cost (USD/marker) involved in data production is considered.Item Caracterização morfológica de fungos para a germinação in vitro de sementes de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f. e Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq.(Orchidaceae), ocorrentes no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-28) Sousa, Kellen Cristhina Inácio de; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Araujo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Araujo, Leila Garcês de; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Gonçalves, Letícia de AlmeidaIn Brazil, 2500 to 3000 species of orchids have been reported to occur, of which 300 are found in the “cerrado” region. The orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. The orchids posses mycorrhizal association with rhizoctonia-like and endophytic fungi. The identification of these fungi can be done by microscopic and morphological characters. Root infecting fungi also are utilized for in vitro symbiotic germination of orchid seeds, aiming the conservation of plant species and fungi. The objective of the present investigation was isolation and morphological characterization of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi originating from roots of C. saintlegerianum and E. nocturnum, as well as symbiotic in vitro seed germination. Three isolates of Epulorhiza sp. from each one of C. saintlegerianum, and E. nocturnum and two of Rhizoctonia sp. from E. nocturnum were obtained. Also, two isolates of Xylaria sp. were obtained from roots of C. saintlegerianum. There were, however, differences among isolates Epulorhiza sp. of C. saintlegerianum and of the E. nocturnum, in relation to morphological and enzymatic characters. The fungus was localized in root tissues of both species by optical and scanning electronic microscopes. The seed viability was tested by tetrazolium chloride and found 80.3 and 32.33% viable embryos of C. saintlegerianum and E. nocturnum, respectively. There was no in vitro symbiotic germination of E. nocturnum due to low seed viability. Two experiments of symbiotic germination of C. saintlegerianum seeds were conducted, both under photoperiods of 16/8 h (light/dark) at 26°C ± 2°C. The treatments were two isolates of Xylaria sp., three plant pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani of common beans and R. oryzae of rice ), and three mycorrhiza of C. saintlegerianum, two of Cyrtopodium vernum, and one ofE. nocturnum. Of three culture media tested, germination was obtained only in oat meal agar culture. The isolate En07 of Rhizoctonia sp. from E. nocturnum was found better for seed germination with 81.64 and 90.73% of germination of experiments 1 and 2, respectively. One non-specific isolate, two plant pathogenic isolates and one specific isolate were efficient for seed germination of C. saintlegerianum. On the other hand, for symbiotic in vitro seed germination of C. saintlegerianum, there was no specificity between this orchid and only one rhizoctonia-like fungus. These results showed that C. saintlegerianum can be propagated utilizing different root infecting fungi, which facilitates future programs of reintroduction and commercialization of species.Item Germinação, estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de Eugenia dysenterica DC. e Dipteryx alata Vogel, espécies frutíferas do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-09) Silva, Lívia Cristina da; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Ferreira, Luciano Domingues Bittencourt; Gonçalves, Letícia de AlmeidaDipteryx alata Vogel and Eugenia dysenterica DC. are Cerrado’s fruit tree threatened by habitat fragmentation and the predatory extractivism. Thus, it is essential to the study of techniques for the conservation and sustainable use of these species. The objective for this work was to establish protocols for micropropagation of these species from the in vitro germination of their seeds. Experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture ICB / UFG. Seeds of both species were divided into two groups: with coat and without coat. After pre-cleansing with detergent and alcohol 70%, seeds of D. alata were treated with four concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Seeds of E. dysenterica were treated with four concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and three of casugamicina. The seeds were inoculated in ½ MS and MS complete, with or without addition of charcoal. The lowest contamination percentage for E. dysenterica occurred with seeds without tegument soaked in 0.5% of active chlorine. To D. alata, the most effective treatment was with seed-coats soaked in 1.25% of active chlorine. For the germination of E. dysenterica, the seed coats were removed. The treatments used through complete MS and ½ MS. After inoculation, the seeds remained in a growth chamber in two distinct photoperiods: 16 h light or 24 hours of dark. The highest germination percentage for E. dysenterica, with 93%, occurred in complete MS medium in a 16h photoperiod. To D. alata, the highest germination percentage, 97.5%, occurred in complete MS medium without charcoal, in a 16h photoperiod. To verify the induction of shoots of both species, nodal segments were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BAP, the best treatment for multiplication of shoots in E dysenterica was with 4.0 mg.L-1 BAP. For D. alata, the best was 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA and 2.5 mg l-1 BAP. To study the roots and shoots from in vitro cultures inoculated in a MS or ½ MS supplemented with combinations of NAA, sucrose and activated charcoal. No satisfactory results occurred for rooting in any species. For E. dysenterica, the few seedlings that emitted roots did not stand the acclimatization. To D. alata, no emission of roots was detected, but there was the issue of shoots in all treatments, especially those inoculated in ½ MS. To obtain the callus, stem explants of D. alata, and leaf explants of E. dysenterica were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and 2.4 D. As a result, we obtained callus formation in D. alata with BAP, ranging from 0.0 mg L-1 to 1.0 mg.L-1, interacting with 2,4-D, ranging from 1.0 mg L-1 and 4.0 mg L-1. Leaf explants of E. dysenterica callus was obtained between 3.0 and 4.0 mg.L-1 of 2.4-D combined with 0.5 and 1.0 mg.L-1 BAP.Item Isolamento de bactérias endofíticas e estabelecimento in vitro de diferentes genótipos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-10) Faria, Paulo Roberto; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Carneiro, Maurízia de Fátima; Vieira, José Daniel GonçalvesIn micropropagation, plant tissue fragments called explants are isolated aseptically, disinfected and cultured in culture medium. However, oxidation and contamination are the main problems in the initiation of the tissue culture plants. In order to initiate the establishment of in vitro methodologies for selected sugarcane varieties a series of decontaminating treatments were performed in shoot tips with different exposure times and concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, casugamicin, ethanol and mercuric chloride. There were no problems with oxidation in any treatment. The use of reagent concentrations and times tested showed not be phytotoxic. Treatment using longer times of exposure to casugamicin and sodium hypochlorite obtained the lowest levels of contamination by fungi and bacteria. However, bacterial contamination rates were high which indicates the necessity of using new procedures for the decontamination process. It is known that the sugarcane is associated with different endophytic bacteria. In order to better study these endophytic bacteria and their relationship with the host plant, promoted the isolation of bacteria in explants of five different varieties of sugarcane: RB98710, RB34068, RB034130, RB034120 and RB034041 to determinate of morphological and physiological characteristics. The thirteen isolates have diversity for morphological and biochemical staining and are characterized as gram-positive. All of them had a production capacity of plant growth factors, and after antimicrobial susceptibility testing, two antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime showed the greatest potential for controlling the growth of the isolates. With microbial contamination controlled, studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on in vitro multiplication of shoot tip culture and its roots in three sugarcane varieties: RB98710, RB034041 and RB034130. We used liquid MS medium containing BAP, KIN, NAA and GA3 in different combinations and concentrations. The results showed that, for the three varieties tested, MS medium with 0.2 mg.L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 KIN are most suitable for higher production of shoots and that the best rooting results were obtained in semi-solid ½ MS medium with 6% sucrose, 5.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.2% activated charcoal. The plantlets were acclimatized and survivability under ex vitro conditions was 90%, three weeks after the transfer to the greenhouse.Item Mapeamento de QTL para componentes de produção em arroz sob duas condições de irrigação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-30) Benício, Cristyene Gonçalves; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesRice (Oryza sativa L.) has great social and economic importance worldwide. Produce food for a growing world population, promoting increased productivity in environmentally appropriate conditions, it one of the great challenges of breeding programs. Rice production based on seasonal rainfall, typical of upland rice (rainfed), today represents about 40% of Brazilian production. The agricultural irrigation consumes much of the planet's fresh water, and restricting the use of water resources is a reality. With the rising cost of water for agriculture and potential shortages in some regions of the planet, the development of plants more efficient in the water use is a priority demand of breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the polymorphism of a set of microsatellite markers (SSRs) and SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and use them for mapping QTL for yield components under two irrigation conditions. The parentals Douradão (drought tolerant) and Primavera (susceptible to drought) resulted in a segregating population consisting of 221 F2:5, which were genotyped with fluorescent SSR markers in analyzer ABI3100 (Applied Biosystems) and SNP markers developed for the GoldenGate platform based on Veracode technology (Illumina). Among the 86 SSRs, 11 (12.8%) did not amplify and 41 (54.7%) were polymorphic. Among the 1920 SNPs, 316 (16.45%) did not amplify for both parentals and 46 (2.87%) were polymorphic. The parentals and their progeny were evaluated in two trials (with and without water deficit) in 12x19 rectangular lattice design with two replications. The composite interval mapping analysis identified 53 QTL, 10 of which related to ISS (index of susceptibility to drought) and five to productivity in water stress condition. Among the identified QTL it were found putative genes related to plant abiotic stress defense mechanisms. Families CNAx15128-70-B, CNAx15128-118-B, CNAx15128-74-B and CNAx15128-120-B showed higher yield under drought and lower ISS. These families may be evaluated by rice breeding programs aiming the development of superior cultivars.Item Sistema reprodutivo e fluxo gênico via pólen em uma coleção de germoplasma de Eugenia dysenterica DC.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-09-03) Rodrigues, Eduardo Borges; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires Campos; Martins, Karina; Chaves, Lázaro JoséThe success of any breeding program or genetic resources conservation depends on the knowledge about gene flow, reproductive system and genetic variability in the studied populations. For perennial plants, germplasm collection maintained ‘in vivo’ and ‘ex situ’ can be an efficient method for conserving the genetic variability of a species is maintained outside its original habitat. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive system and pollen-mediated gene flow in one generation of Eugenia dysenterica DC. from the germoplasma collection of the Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos from Universidade Federal de Goiás. We collected leaves from 404 adult plants and seeds from 23 mother-trees in the germplasm collection. Genotypes were obtained using eight microsatellite loci, four of them developed for E. dysenterica, and four transferred from Eucalyptus spp. The total number of alleles was 88, ranging from 4 to 20 for the eight loci analyzed (mean of 11 alleles per locus). The mean expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity were equal to 0.646 and 0.423, respectively. Additionally, the high combined paternity exclusion probability (QC= 0.99579), and the low combined probability of identity (IC = 7.9 x10-5) indicate that markers can be reliable for this kind of analysis. Multilocus outcrossing rates (t ̂_m= 0.957) and single locus outcrossing rates (t ̂_s= 0.848) were high. Biparental inbreeding (t_m-t_s =0,109) ) combined for all families analyzed was also high and significant, sugesting the occurrence of 10.9% of cross-fertilization between related individuals. Paternity correlation was also low (r ̂_p=0,119), with 11.9% of the progeny sired by cross-fertilization with the same pollen donor. On average 10.79% of the progeny analyzed were derived by biparental cross, whereas 84.70% were formed by multi-parental crosses, being related to the degree of half-sibs. Only 4.6% of the seeds were formed by selfing. Paternity was successfully assigned with 95% of confidence to 32% (171) of the seeds analyzed, most likely due to non-sampled candidate pollen donors or because the loci battery could not demonstrated the optimal values for the combined exclusion. The maximum pollen dispersal distance (224 m) corresponded to the length of the orchard. The “big-bang” flowering pattern and the aggregated spatial distribution of adults may have favored short distance pollen dispersal at the germplasm collection of E. dysenterica. Our results show that the E. dysenterica germplasm collection preserves the genetic diversity present in natural populations of southeastern Goiás and can be a reliable approach for maintenance of genetic diversity of the species for the future.Item Cultivo in vitro e citogenética de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f.(Orchidaceae: Cyrtopodiinae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-10-30) Silva, Daniella Mota; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Takane, Roberto Jun; Faria, Ricardo Tadeu deCyrtopodiumsaintlegerianumRchb. f is an epiphytic species typical of the Midwest, especially in distributed Brazilian Central Plateau, and has a wide geographical distribution in Brazil. It is usually found in the trunks of palm trees, forming large clumps. It has good features for ornamentation, for the beauty and size of its inflorescence, however, are not found in the literature about its conservation, methods for its spread or that could be used in floriculture and landscaping. Thus, this study aimed to establishing protocols for germination asymbiotic effects of phytohormones and acclimatization and characterization of chromosomal species. In 2010, the establishment of micropropagation protocols, capsules were collected in a pasture area in the municipality of Mossâmedes, GO, then the part previously sterilized seeds were separated and tested in a 1% tetrazolium dye.. For cultivation was tested asymbiotic different culture media and then tested after different concentrations and combinations in treatments BAP 16 / ANA, to finally evaluate the acclimatization substrates combined and fertilized with chemical fertilizers and organic. For the karyotype of the species, the plant material is derived from plants grown in vitro in culture medium. We tested four protocols, with differences in enzyme solution for softening the roots, dyes, anti-mitotic concentration of the solution and hydrolysis, and the use of growth regulators for root induction in vitro. All protocols were in common roots pretreated with anti-mitotic 8-hydroxyquinoline (0.002 M) in refrigerator for 24 hours. Then protocols roots were fixed in Carnoy 3:1 for 18 hours the first and second and third and fourth protocol for 24 hours at room temperature. After stored at -20 º C in the same fixative for further analysis (only the fourth protocol). The roots of the protocols were stained with different dyes: hematoxylin, Schiff, acetic orcein and Giemsarespectively.The results of germination was satisfactory in all culture media. For medium supplemented with auxin / cytokinin combined the best concentrations for variable height were 0.2 mg L-1 NAA and BAP without adding control without addition of regulators. The best means to induce large numbers of shoots were 4 mg L-1 BAP and 4 mg L-1 BAP / 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. The number of leaves was rated best in the concentrations of BAP without NAA at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1. The treatments with the highest number of roots were control without added growth regulators at doses of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg L-1 NAA without addition of BAP, as well as the length of roots was favored by the same treatments. The largest number occurred in callus treatment with concentrations of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP without adding ANA. ForcytogeneticsC. saintlegerianum the best protocol was evaluated with the regulator which was obtained metaphases, however chromosomes were condensed, and the number of chromosomes was found to be 2n = 48. cides.Item Variabilidade e progresso genético com seleção recorrente em arroz de terras altas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-14) Morais Júnior, Odilon Peixoto de; Colombari Filho, José Manoel; Morais, Orlando Peixoto de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Geraldi, Isaias Olívio; Miranda Filho, José Branco de; Colombari Filho, José ManoelRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal in the world as a major component of the staple food of the world’s population. The increase of the yield potential of new upland rice cultivars has been became highlighted as a main challenge for the plant breeding in this millennium. The increasing mean yield of cultivars becomes more difficult to identify superior genotypes, because the contrasts among elite-lines are becoming smaller. This highlights the importance of developing improved populations with high frequency of favorable alleles and genetic variability. The recurrent selection is a method based on population breeding and the main characteristic is obtaining long-term results. Using the recurrent selection population CNA6 of upland rice, the objectives of this study were: (i) to obtain estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters among S0:2 progenies for grain yield (PG, in kg ha-1) and plant height (AP, in cm), in four selection cycles; (ii) to determine the influence of the progeny x location interaction on estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters; (iii) to estimate the genetic progress of the population along the four cycles of recurrent selection for PG, AP and days-to-flowering (DF, in days); and (iv) to evaluate the genetic potential of this population through the expected proportion of superior lines after each selection cycle. It was used the data set from yield trials of S0:2 progenies in the years 2000/01, 2003/04, 2006/07 and 2009/10 from Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). In each cycle, the trials were carried out in some locations (Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO; Paragominas-PA; Primavera do Leste, MT; Sinop-MT; Teresina-PI and Vilhena-RO). The experimental design was augmented block of Federer, without replicate within location and with at least three checks. The plots were composed by four rows with five meters long, spacing of 0.30 m, and density of 60 seeds per meter. In each cycle, the data set from PG and AP were subjected to individual analysis of variance for Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO, the unique common location in all cycles, and joint analysis of variance for all locations. Estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and environment correlations among three traits studied was obtained. The average gains per cycle, and average annual gains and total were estimated, as also the weighted coefficients of determination and gains among cycles and the total gain based on contrasts among estimated averages for each cycle. In addition, the expected proportions of superior inbred lines after each selection cycle were obtained, using the average of the checks as standard. Estimates of genetic correlations between PG and AP were -0.42 and between AP and DF the -0.11 , both significant (p0,01), and no correlation was detected among PG and DF. Thus, within this population progenies with higher grain yield had lower plant height, and cycle may be early, medium or late. Estimates of genetic variance among S0:2 progenies suggested that genetic variability was maintained along the cycles of selection for the traits PG and AP. After unfolding of the genotype x location interaction (GxL) was observed predominance of the crossover interaction for PG and AP. Finally, it was found that the GxL interaction affected the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for both traits, due to the wide geographic distribution of the target environments, which the recurrent selection program aims to obtain genetic gains in medium and long term. The results show clearly the efficiency of recurrent selection program in the progress of the population mean for grain yield and plant height, with significant genetic gains observed during the four cycles of selection. The genetic potential of the population to develop superior inbred lines increased during to selection cycles for grain yield and plant height. Despite the absence of genetic gain for days-to-flowering, the genetic potential for this trait was kept in the population during the four cycles elapsed.Item Relações filogenéticas entre isolados fúngicos de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f., de Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) e de Rhizoctonia spp. Fitopatogênicas ao arroz e ao feijão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-21) Luzini, Aline Pereira; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3733-7059; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. Even though, Rhizoctonia sp. is pathogenic to various crops, it is one of the more frequent genera among the microrrhizal fungi. Studies on fungal phylogenetics utilizing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of rDNA are important for evaluating specificity between plant and fungus, the evolutionary history of species and host - pathogen interactions. The objective of the present study include molecular characterization and establishment of phylogenetic relationships among endophytic/micorrhizal fungi isolates of C. saintlegerianum and of E. nocturnum pertaining to genera Rhizoctonia sp., Xylaria sp. and isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to rice and common beans and of isolates obtained from Genbank. The genomic DNA of one micorrhizal isolate, two of Xylaria sp. (endophytic), and four of rice and bean pathogens were extracted, and soon after sequencing of ITS 1 and ITS2 of nrDNA was done. The phylogenetic relations, inferred by Bayesian analysis among the rhizoctonia-like isolates of the present study and found in GenBank showed three clusters, and Xylarioides showed one cluster. The molecular results of micorrhizal Rhizoctonia sp. and Xylariodes are in close agreement with the results on morphology. The micorrhizal isolates formed one poliphyletic clad with the isolates of the GenBank. The micorrhizal isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from E. nocturnum formed one lineage different from Rhizoctonia spp. originating from other orchid species of GenBank. The Xylarioides isolates obtained in the present study showed lineage different of the found in GenBank.Item Avaliação da ocorrência e dos padrões de fluxo gênico contemporâneo em uma coleção de germoplasma de Hancornía specíosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-22) Olivatti, Ana Maria; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Chaves, Lázaro José; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, KarinaHancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit species inhabiting different regions of Brazil. It's kind of great importance for the fauna of the regions in which it occurs and has a high economic potential. Toe species is divided into six botanical varieties and to distinguish these varieties are mainly morphological characteristics. However, no further work was done to identify genetic differences between these varieties. Furthermore, little is known about the mating system and pollen flow pattems ofthis species. Accordingly, the general objective of the study was to evaluate the contemporary gene flow and the reproductive system in a reproductive station in the germplasm collection in vivo and ex situ of H. speciosa, maintained by the Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. It sampled every 274 adults in the collection, 28 trees (matrices) were selected and each of these 20 fruits was collected. A seed of each fruit was planted in a greenhouse, totaling 560 seeds, 57% of the seeds germinated and these leaves were collected for analyzes of patemity. All subjects were genotyped with seven microsatellite loci developed for the species. For the set of loci analyzed was possible to find an average of 18.6 alleles per locus in adults and 15.7 for the progenies. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected heterozygosity found in adults and progenies. When the botanical varieties were evaluated separately, we could not find significant differences between the number of alleles, and observed and expected heterozygosity for each variety. The battery of loci used is capable to discriminating individuais and exclude the patemity of a false pollen donor (CI = 3.34 x10-11 and QC = 0.9999). Multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) and single locus outcrossing (ts) were high and equal to 0.990 and 0.899, respectively. Toe difference of multilocus outcrossing rate and single locus outcrossing combined for all families analyzed was significant, indicating the occurrence of 9 .1 % crossover between related individuais. The correlation of selfing was negative indicating no occurrence of the formation of seeds produced by selfing and this corroborates the hypothesis be selfincompatible species. The patemity correlation was very low, 0.076, and this means that only 7.6% ofthe seeds of each mother are daughters of the sarne pollen donor. Patemity was determined for 71.56% (229) of the analyzed seeds, all botanical varieties of H speciosa contributed to the events of crossing, without thereby restricting the gene flow between varieties. The pollen dispersai distance varied from 5 m between neighbors, 165.6 m, averaging 53 m and 64% ofpollination events occurred at distances of60 m. Toe effective neighborhood area of pollination, considering all patemity assignments, was equal to 8702 m. Among the events crossing, 29% involved pollen donors that are not in the collection, showing that there is contamination of pollen in germplasm collection.Item Estrutura genética intrapopulacional e dispersão de pólen em Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-23) Costa, Camila Fernanda; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Chaves, Lázaro José; Martins, KarinaHancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) is a fruit species which has a wide distribution in areas of Cerrado vegetation type restricted sense. Its flowers have a complex pollination mechanism and unique, co-adapted to pollination by moths and butterflies and their fruits are dispersed by mammals large and medium-sized. It has high economic potential and its use has been conducted in an exploratory way. To implement conservation programs, breeding and enabling the commercial use of species, knowledge about the genetic variability, the spatial genetic structure, the reproductive system and gene flow in natural populations are needed. In this context, in the present study was performed the molecular characterization of the genetic variability in three stages of individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and the assessment of genetic structure spatial (adults and juveniles), of the system of crossing and of the gene flow via pollen in a subpopulation of Hancornia speciosa located in the State Park of Serra de Jaragua, Jaragua-GO. To this end, 113 adults and 100 juveniles were sampled and georeferenced in an area of approximately 2.5ha. Of the total number of adults, 20 trees were selected matrices to obtain seedlings and formation of families of open pollination. Genomic DNA was obtained from the leaves of all individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and was amplified with the use of seven microsatellite loci for obtaining of genotypes. The analyzes of genetic diversity, of spatial structure, rates of cross-fertilization and distance of dispersal of pollen were obtained from these genotypes. The total number of alleles at seven loci evaluated was 125, with an average of 17.8 alleles per locus. For adults the mean allele was 15.8, for the juveniles was 13.5and the seedlings were 11alleles. The average total values of heterozigosidade expected (He) and observed (Ho) were equal to 0.750 and 0.698, respectively. In adults He = 0.750 and Ho =0.714, in juveniles He =0.744 and Ho =0.679 and in seedlings He = 0. 712 and Ho =0. 763. These values indicate that the subpopulation evaluated presents high levels of genetic diversity. The fixation index(f) waspositive and significantforthe generations ofadults(0.052, p <0.05)andjuvenile(0.087, p <0.05), indicating the existence of inbreeding in this subpopulation. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation evidenced that kinship is weakly related to the geographical distance in in bothstagesof lifeevaluated (adults: b= -0.00223, R2 = 0. 000514, p < 0.05 and juveniles: b: - 0.00440, R2 = 0.00148489; p < 0.001).Concomitantly the values of Sp were low and the size of neighborhoods (Nb) were high for the two generations. This result shows that there is no restriction of gene flow via seed and corroborates the hypothesis that the dispersal by animals have high potential to disperse the seeds over long distances.The rates of crossfertilization multilocus (tm= 1.000) and single locus (ts = 0.972 a 1.29) were high and significantly different from zero in all families. The difference in the rate of the crossfertilization multilocus and single locus combined for all families analyzed (tm-ts = 0. 077) was also positive and significant, suggesting that 7% of crossings that occur in this population are between related individuals. The correlation of selfing negative(rs=-0.999), indicates absence of selfing and the correlation of paternity(rp=0.107) not significantly different from zero (SD = 0.135) shows that this subpopulation no full siblings. Every subpopulation resulting outcrossing and individuals are evaluated relatives at least to the 15 level of half-brothers. The paternity analysis assigned pollen donors to 75.2% (64) seedlings, and 24 (37.5%) assignments at a confidence level of 85%, 30 (46.8%) assignments at 95% probability assignments and 10(15.6%) at a confidence level of 99%.This low assignment can be explained by sampling: due to the size of the total area of the population and distribution in aggregate, many individuals may not have been sampled. Moreover, the loci battery used in this analysis could not demonstrated the optimal values for the combined exclusion. Although the maximum distance of pollination has been of 292m and covers the entire area evaluated, most events of pollination (77%) occurred at distances less than 200m. The flowering in mass, the distribution in aggregate and the floral structure are the main responsible for predominance of events of cross-pollination at short distances.Item Antagonismo entre Magnaporthe oryzae e o fungo micorrízico Rhizoctonia sp.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-25) Carvalho, Jacqueline Campos Borba de; Kato, Lucília; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Kato, Lucília; Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva; Filippi, Marta Cristina da Corsi diRice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch [anamorfo - Pyricularia oryzae Cav.] occurs in all rice growing regions of the world. The sustainable agriculture requires the introduction of biological control as one of the components in the integrated disease management. The microorganisms associated to plants are capable of producing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids which may have a role in biological control. The objective of the present study consists, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites of the micorrhizal fungus Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from Epidendrum nocturnum and evaluate in vitro and in vivo antagonism to M. oryzae. Ten fungal isolates were used to test the antibiosis against M. oryzae. The isolate En07 of Rhizoctonia sp. exhibited a greater halo of inhibition and consequently was considered the best in vitro antagonist to M. oryzae. Crude, mycelial and lyophilized extracts of micorrhizal isolate were obtained. The analysis by CCD of these three extracts showed positive results in relation to Dragendorff, indicating the presence of phenolics. The analysis of RMN 1H and masses showed the presence of aromatic hydrogens and phenolics. Five concentrations of each extract were prepared and utilized in the studies on in vitro mycelial inhibition of M. oryzae and observed 77.86% of pathogen reduction by crude extract (700 μg/mL). Two crude extract treatments (520 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml) significantly reduced the radial growth of the pathogen compared to control. The crude extract showed best results for mycelia inhibition of the pathogen, followed by lyophilized and mycelial extracts. In two trials, the crude extract at 0.52 μg.μL-1 also reduced the formation of appressoria of M. oryzae by 100%. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted on leaf blast suppression with the cultivar Primavera, using completely randomized design with three replications. In both these trials, the mycelial extract (1860 μg/ml and M.o 3x105) showed marked reduction of leaf blast severity in relation to control by 59.27% and 77.58% respectively. In the second trial, the second treatment (1040 μg/mL and M.o3x105) of crude extract reduced AUDPC by 64.63% compared to control. The results showed that the metabolites of Rhizoctonia sp. posses great potential for biological control of rice blast.Item Mapeamento associativo para produtividade em arroz sob déficit hídrico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-26) Pantalião, Gabriel Feresin; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Borba, Tereza Cristina de OliveiraDrought is an environmental factor which narrows crop production, such as upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The knowledge of aspects related to drought stress, and plant response to it, may furnish plant breeding programs essential data for the development of tolerant cultivars, and hence with higher yields under such conditions. Association mapping has been a successful approach to elucidate the genetic basis of economically important traits in plants, and afterward in the implementation of marker assisted selection (MAS). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied in a variety of contexts, including SNP identification and development. Among methodologies for marker discovery and high-throughput genotyping, GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) points out by its low cost and speed at which samples can be analyzed. The aim of this work was to identify, by GBS, the polymorphism from SNP markers within 283 upland accessions from Embrapa Rice Core Collection (ERiCC) and associate them to yield under drought stress. After filtering the raw data of predetermined stringent parameters, 285.379 SNP were identified in the 12 rice chromosomes. For the association mapping, molecular and phenotypic data were combined for the identification of SNP associated to drought, aiming the subsequent development of a marker set for MAS besides the identification of genes for genetic engineering. The analysis identified 48 SNP associated with the evaluated traits, 13 associated to drought susceptibility index (DSI) and 35 to yield under drought stress. Among the 48 SNP, 35 was anchored in 31 rice genes. Seven genes, out of the 31, possessed SNP associated to DSI, and the other 24 genes to yield under drought stress. These genes may be evaluated to be effectively employed for MAS. If the overexpression of such genes provides an enhanced drought tolerance, they may be used in the development of tolerant rice cultivars.Item Caracterização da variabilidade patogênica e interação diferencial de isolados de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens em feijoeiro-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-27) Lima, Stella Cristina Dias Valdo; Wendland, Adriane; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Lourenço Júnior, Valdir; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Wendland, AdrianeThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is cultivated throughout the year in many regions of Brazil, in three different growing seasons, resulting in a estimated harvest (2012/2013) of 3,4 million tons. As a consequence of being cultivated in many ecosystems, this crop is exposed to many abiotic factors, accentuating losses and making it more susceptible to pathogens. Among the economically relevant diseases, the bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens can cause production losses of up to 90%. The Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens colonizes the xylematic vessels, blocking the transport of water and nutrients to the upper part of the plant and causing mosaic, flaccidity, wizen leaf board, wizen leaf burn, wilt and death. In Brazil, C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens was found for the first time in 1995, during the “rainy season” in the State of São Paulo. Currently, it is found in many other States, Parana, Santa Catarina, Goiás, Distrito Federal and Mato Grosso do Sul. For identifying C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, morphological and biochemical methods were efficient, as well as the iniciators CffFOR2-CffREV4 were specific in PCR reaction for the 24 isolates. The preservation methods Castellani, filter paper and phosphate-glycerol buffer were efficient to maintain the viability of Cff isolates (Multifunctional Microorganisms Collection, Embrapa Arroz e Feijao) innoculated in Ouro Branco, BRS Esplendor and CNFP10132. According to the Scott & Knott test (1974), four groups of different aggressiveness were formed. Among these, eight isolates were chosen, two from each aggressivity group, for “race” identification, diferential interaction studies and identification of resistant genotypes. The innoculation of 30 genotypes of common bean enabled the identification of a differential interaction between the C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens isolates and the genotypes of the common bean. The genotypes IPA 9, Ouro Branco and Michelite were the most resistant ones, and the genotypes CNFRS 11997 and Frijólica 0-3-1 were the most susceptible ones. The isolates CNPAFCff25 and CNPAFCff 04 were the most aggressive ones, and the isolates CNPAFCff33 and CNPAFCff11 were the least aggressive ones. The methodology of partial diallel Melo & Santos (1999) allowed the classification of eight races and fifteen differential cultivars. After innoculation with the most aggressive isolate CNPAFCff 25 and the least aggressive isolate aggressive CNPAFCff 31, the analysis of scanning electron microscopy images revealed the formation of tangled structures resistance structures in genotypes Ouro Branco and IPA 9, whereas no such structures were observed in the moderately resistant genotype Diacol Calima and the susceptible genotypes CNFRS 11997 and CNFC 10429. Employing the methodology of stability Wricke was possible to identify genotypes which contributed most to the interaction effects, so the genotypes indicated to compose the differential series. The methodology of Lin and Binns possible to analyze the behavior of genotypes demonstrating that they have followed the principles of gene-gene theory.Item Caracterização fenotípica e variação genética quantitativa em Dipteryx alata Vog. (Barueiro) do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-27) Mota, Elias Emanuel Silva; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Nabout, João Carlos; Ganga, Rita Maria Devós; Sano, Sueli Matiko; Chaves, Lázaro JoséThe Cerrado biome is the second largest in Brazil, occupying 23% of the national territory, has several vegetation types, and has the richest flora among the world's savannas. The baru tree, due to its wide geographic distribution, is a species with the ability to display high levels of genetic diversity, thus providing the ability to occupy different habitats. The species in question has a multitude of uses, constituting a key species for studying domestication and cultivation. This study aimed to obtain information about the patterns of phenotypic variation for some traits of fruits, seeds and seedlings of baru and to estimate the genotic variability among and within 25 natural subpopulations of Dipteryx alata Vog., based on quantitative data. Fruits were collected from plants of 25 regions in the Cerrado biome, sampling six plants per subpopulation and, at least, 25 fruits per plant. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation between traits. There was significant variation for all variables at all levels evaluated; among fruits within plants, among plants within subpopulations and among subpopulations for the fruits and seed traits evaluated. There was variation among progeny within subpopulations and among subpopulations for initial and final height, number of leaves, total leaf size, number of internodes and root length of seedlings. A greater proportion of variability was observed between plants within subpopulations. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations for most pairs of characters of fruit evaluated at different hierarchical levels. The heritability found for final height, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots indicates possibility of gains from selection for these characters.Item Estabelecimento in vitro de Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex Dc.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) e estudo da incidência de oídio (Oidium sp.) em plântulas obtidas in vitro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-04-02) Mamedes, Talita Cristina; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Fillippi, Marta cristina Corsi de; Gonçalves, Letícia de AlmeidaHandroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos is widely distributed woody species in Brazil. It has economic importance for its use as wood, medicinal, ecological and ornamental tree. There is great variation in the production of fruits and seeds over the years, many of the seeds are attacked by fungi and insects, and finally, the remaining intact seeds lose viability very quickly. Techniques of plant tissue culture can increase the rate of germination in woody species. The cultivation in nutrient medium under aseptic conditions, provides great production of seedlings in reduced time and space and at any time of year. Furthermore, in vitro propagation acts as a tool in the identification of microorganisms, studying their relationships and interactions with the host plant at genetic, cellular and physiological levels. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for in vitro propagation of H. impetiginosus developed in three steps: decontamination and seed germination, induction of new shoots and roots. The protocol was based on direct organogenesis using plant material from seedlings germinated in vitro. For in vitro germination, seed surface contamination was controlled using 2 min. in 70% ethanol and 10 min. sodium hypochlorite with 2 % active chlorine. The germination rate was 99 % on MS medium. Induction and multiplication of new shoots were carried out with the aid of growth regulators 6 - benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different combinations. The results showed that for explants of H. impetiginosus all the tested amounts of BAP and NAA have the ability to regenerate shoots, callus and adventitious roots, it is necessary to improve the regeneration protocol to obtain greater number of new shoots. For in vitro rooting, cuttings responded positively to 6.0 mg L - 1 butyric acid (IBA), with 92 % rooting. However, the methods of decontamination of seeds did not control fungi of the genus Oidium. In order to identify the fungus and study the fungus - host relationship in H. impetiginosus cuts were made in vitro leaf fragments and the anatomical structure analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. After the emergence of Oidium sp. on seedlings developed in vitro, methods of seeds disease control were tested for germination using different times and concentrations of ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, Chlorothalonil + tiophanate Methyl (systemic fungicid ) and Neem oil assessing the incidence and severity of each disease treatment. No treatment was effective in the control of powdery mildew, indicating the need for further studies. However, reduction of severity was observed in seeds treated with 70 % ethanol and sodium hypochlorite (2% active chlorine) and Neem oil immersion to 1.5 % for 10 minutes.Item Potencial genético de genitores de cana-de-açúcar com base em cruzamentos biparentais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-28) Santana, Priscilla Neves de; Reis, Américo José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8061057395813231; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto deAn adequate choice of genitors to be crossed to generate genetic variability is essential to increase the efficiency of sugarcane breeding program. The combining ability of genotypes in crosses constitutes a good measure of genetic potential in future crosses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic potential of sugarcane genotypes based on biparental crosses of sugarcane breeding programs from the Interuniversity Network for the Development of Sugarcane Trade (PMGCA / RIDESA). The basic variable used was the rate of selection of each cross population (full sib family) in the initial phase of the program (T1), resulting from the selection practiced evaluating variables of primary importance for the species. The average selection rate of each family was predicted using BLUP methodology. Data analysis was performed using Method IV proposed by Griffing (1956), adapted to the set of crosses available, detailing the effects of General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA). The predicted effects of SCA were correlated with genetic similarity estimates obtained using the Dice coefficient from SSR markers and the Malécot coancestry coefficient. It was detected significant effects of GCA, showing the possibility of selection of parents based on this parameter. Although not statistically tested, SCA showed determination coefficient higher than CGC. The genetic similarity obtained by coancestry coefficient showed a significant correlation with SCA, although of low magnitude. There was no significance for the correlation between genetic distance based on SSR marker and SCA. It was concluded that the rate of selection is efficient to select potentially promising parents in the first stage of selection in sugarcane.