Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB)

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O gênero senna mill. (leguminosae, caesalpinioideae, cassieae) na região centro-oeste do Brasil, com ênfase nas espécies ocorrentes no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-07) Santos, Josimar Pereira; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula
Leguminosae is cosmopolitan and the third largest family of flowering plants with about 727 genera and 19,325 species allocated in the subfamilies Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae. In Brazil, this family, is the most diverse with approximately 171 genera and 2,694 species, although it is poorly studied. Caesalpinioideae stands out by systematic controversial of the majority of its taxa, as Chamaecrista, Cassia and Senna members of the tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae subtribe. Senna with 350 species, 280 of which American, is a monophyletic genus and very little known taxonomically, especially in Brazil, where it is represented by 80 species. Motivated by the limited taxonomic knowledge of the Brazilian species of Senna and the attractive and intriguing morphology of its taxa, this dissertation aimed to: 1) to perform a taxonomic synopsis of the genus Senna in the Midwest Region, in order to elucidate its diversity in the region in question, as well as subsidizing floristic and taxonomic study considering the family Leguminosae, and 2) to execute a taxonomic study of the species Senna occurring in Goiás aiming to contribute to the systematic of the genus, as well as, with the knowledge of floristic diversity of the Goiás state. Both studies were based on usual methods in plant taxonomy. In the first study were found 75 taxa belonging to 36 species, four subspecies and 35 varieties, with Mato Grosso and Goiás with 26 and 25 species respectively, the states where the genus showed more rich, followed by Mato Grosso do Sul and District Federal District with 23 and 18 species each. In the second study we have found 25 species, 4 subspecies and 22 varieties, being Senna pilifera var. tubata, S. silvestris var. guaranitica, S. splendida var. splendida and S. splendida var. gloriosa new records to the state, while S. latifolia and S. spinescens although cited for Goiás, were excluded of this study because their distributions correspondig with the current limits of the State of Tocantins. For both studies are presented identification key, illustrations with diagnostic characters for recognizing of the taxa, and comments about ecology and geographical distribution of the same. In addition, in the second study, are provided comments about morphological relationships among taxa.
Biologia reprodutiva do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) e influência das abelhas nativas na produção dos frutos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-16) Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Portes, Tomás de Aquino; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Pereira, Marlei Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron
Pollinators provide an essential service to the ecosystem and bring numerous benefits to society, through its role in the production of food in agriculture and the conservation of biological diversity. In tomato, anthers are poricidal, thus the release of pollen grains requires the presence of pollinators that vibrate these anthers. Thus, pollinators of tomatoes are actually bees that perform buzz pollination. Here, we observed aspects of floral biology, quantity and viability of pollen grains and ovules, and pollinators behavior and richness. To evaluate the effects of pollination in the amount of pollen on the stigmas, we selected 37 plants and bagged an inflorescence and let another available to pollinators. Each marked inflorescence had three stigmas removed the pollen grains on their surfaces were quantified. For comparison of fruit production, fruit development were followed in inflorescences bagged and not bagged for 40 days, and then the fruits were counted, weighed, measured, and had their seeds counted. The anthesis is at 6:30 am. The flower remains open until 6:00 pm, closing and reopening in the next day at the same time, lasting up to 73 hours. The greatest amount of pollen in the anther is in the early hours of the flower opening, with reduction and stabilization of the number of pollen grains around noon, coinciding with increased pollinator visitation. We found 25 species of bees in pollinating tomato crops. The abundance of bees coinciding with hours of availability and depletion of pollen suggests efficient removal of pollen from the anthers by the native bees The amount of pollen on the stigma of flowers available to pollinators was higher than on the stigma of bagged flowers. Fruit production was higher in open inflorescences than in bagged inflorescences. Native bees pollinate tomato flowers, increasing the pollen load on the stigma and fruit production.
Sistema distílico e biologia reprodutiva de cinco espécies de Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae) em dois fragmentos do sudeste Goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-18) Sá, Túlio Freitas Filgueira de; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio Alves Macedo de; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai
Distyly is a reproductive strategy to promote cross-pollination and difficult self-pollination, characterized by the presence of two floral morphs, the pin and the thrum morph. The study aimed to describe the phenological behavior and investigate aspects related to the distylous system of five Psychotria species, such as the pollination biology, the floral morphology, the isoplety and the incompatibility system of the species. The studies were performed in the "Parque Municipal da Mata do Setor Santa Cruz" and "in the Pasto do Pedrinho", in the municipality of Catalão, Goiás. The five species of the genus Psychotria were: P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. prunifolia, P. deflexa. and P. trichophoroides. The flowers were collected and fixed in 70% ethanol for the morphometric analysis. The phenology was held for one year for each species. The incompatibility system was tested using hand pollination. The flower visitors were collected, labeled and identified. The results indicate that P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. deflexa and P. trichophoroides present distyly, only P. prunifolia was considered as pin-monomorphic . In the reproductive system, P. prunifolia was considered as self-compatible. Although, P. hoffmannseggiana, P. capitata, P. deflexa and P. trichophoroides presented a self-incompatibility system. Regarding to the morphs ratio , all the distylous populations were isopletic. The floral visitors of the five species confirm the entomophilous pollination syndrome. In the phenology, the flower buds of the populations began to emerge in September, one month before the beginning of the flowering, with the months of highest incidence parallel to the emission of the flowers (October to December). The analysis of the relationship between the corolla and the height of the intramorph reproductive verticils, reveals that the corolla considerably interfered in the length of the floral organs. In the reciprocity analysis, the influence of the corolla on the reciprocal herkogamy, had a null or parcial effect in the reciprocity. The present study has been carried out with only one population per species, and it would not be possible to assign distyly with the self-incompatibility of P. capitata, P. deflexa, P. trichophoroides and P. hoffmannseggiana, or even with the monomorphism and self-compatibility of P. prunifolia, as a general condition for these species. However, the results of the present study and additional information from other populations of these same species, lead us to believe that this scenario may repeat in other regions of Brazil.
Interação planta-polinizador em espécies sincronopátricas de psychotria (rubiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-19) Mesquita Neto, José Neiva; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Almeida Neto, Mário; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai
Plant-pollinator interactions in syncronopatric species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae). Psychotria species are commonly found in the understory of forested areas in tropical regions, and are important components for the functioning of these ecosystems. Many species of the genus are sympatric and bloom during the same period, being considered potentially syncronopatrics. For this reason, this genus has been considered as a good model to infer general patterns and mechanisms of speciation in the tropics. In the first paper of this dissertation, the interactions between potentially sympatric species of Psychotria and their pollinators were analyzed in order to verify the possible existence of sharing, specialization or generalization of pollinators and plants in the analyzed system. Then, data of secondary studies that contained identifying pollinators of Psychotria were analyzed From these data, we generated graphs and analyzes of interaction networks and niche overlap. Altogether, nine species of Psychotria and 25 species of pollinators of occurrence in the Atlantic Forest were included in the analyzes. The plant with the most generalist network is Psychotria tenuinervis and the pollinators with the highest proportion of links and consequently with more important role in the network belonged orders Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Psychotria species showed niche overlap in pollination and pollinator sharing. The period of greatest intensity of flowering coincided with the rainy season in the Atlantic Forest, with up to seven species coflowering. Because Psychotria species occur in sympatry and have flowering overlap and asymmetric interactions with flower visitors, it is possible that they are involved in a process of facilitation in pollination. The second paper aimed to investigate if four sympatric populations of Psychotria show pollinators sharing and pollination niche overlap . Another objective was to determine if their flowering season are synchronics. We found a dual synchrony in this system, the first in the intensity of flowering among the populations of Psychotria and the second in the increase of the abundance of flowers and pollinators. The species of Psychotria showed sharing fundamental niche of pollination and positive impact on reproductive success. However, we note that the sharing of pollinators can not be generalized to the entire system, but to the modules or pairs of species. Thus, each species of Psychotria has one or more species of preferential pollinator for sharing and that this relationship is not always reciprocal. This reinforces that the interactions among the plant species are asymmetric.
Estudo taxonômico das espécies da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. ocorrentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-27) Leal, Iada Anderson Barbosa; Gomes-Klein, Vera Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6477452328378345
Taxonomical study of species from the family Cucurbitaceae Juss. that occur on the Federal District (Distrito Federal), Brazil – The Cucurbitaceae Juss. family is numerous and widespread in its respective taxa, however, with conflicting data about the exact numbers regarding them. The present work is a survey of plants of this family found in the Federal District, Brazil, with the scope of refining the accuracy of such data. With this intention, some analysis of exsicates deposited in national and international herbaria were made and some expeditions were done at the area of study. Seven genera and fourteen native species were found in the researched area, as well as five genera and five species cultivated or subespontaneus. Related to native plants, the genus Cayaponia Silva Manso presented a greater number os species (5), followed by Melothria L. (3) and Psiguria Neck ex Arn. (2), being the genera Gurania Cogn., Melothrianthus Mart. Crov.; Sicyos L. and Wilbrandia Silva Manso are represented by only one specie for each one of those. Considering only the material deposited in herbaria, five species were found cultivated or subespontaneous: Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. and Momordica charantia L.
Morfoanatomia, tricomas glandulares e fitoquímica de Lomatozona artemisiifolia Baker (ASTERACEAE - EUPATORIEAE) - uma planta endêmica do Cerrado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-30) Trindade, Luma Mota Palmeira; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7382650435948677
Morphoanatomy, trichomes glandular and phytochemistry of Lomatozona artemisiifolia Baker (Asteraceae - Eupatorieae) - a plant of endemic of Cerrado of Goiás - The Asteraceae family is widely distributed, having 24,000 species and genera 1600-1700, constituting one of the largest families of phanerogams. In the Cerrado, among phanerogams, is the second largest family in number of species. Among the numerous species of Asteraceae is present Lomatozona artemisiifolia Baker, belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae. The objective of this study was to describe anatomically aerial vegetative organs of this species, characterize the glandular trichomes that occur in these vegetative organs and inflorescences, determine the composition of the oil and perform the phytochemical study of the species, as there is no work on this species which is endemic to the Cerrado. For anatomical study were used apexes, samples of completely expanded leaves and stems. The phytochemical screening was performed with aerial vegetative organs and oil extraction was performed with fresh plant material (aerial vegetative organs). The epidermis is uniseriate covered with a thin cuticle striated and mesophyll is dorsiventral. The stem has uniseriate epidermis, cortex and with angular collenchyma lamellar secretory ducts associated with the cortical parenchyma, sclerenchyma fibers forming ice outside the phloem bundles are collateral. Is the presence of eight types of glandular trichomes on the leaf and stem. We identified the presence of traces of alkaloids, coumarins, traces of digitalis glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and glycosides. In oil extraction were identificandos 21 compounds, the major compounds are γ-muuroleno about 28.81%, the β-germacrene with 18.23%, 12.48% caryophyllene, δ-elemene 8.61%, 7.55% δ-carene, β-ocimene 5.94%.
Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Chrysolaena simplex (Less) Dematt. E Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) em ambientes rupestres da Serra Dourada, Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-10-01) Santos, Vanessa Sardinha dos; Rezende, Maria Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5093753722360659; Rezende, Maria Helena; Pinna, Gladys Flávia de Albuquerque Melo de; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida
Asteraceae is one of the most common families of cerrado herbs and subshrubs. Plants in this family vary widely in structure in response to environmental conditions. The present study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy and histochemistry of aerial and underground organs of Chrysolaena simplex (Less.) Dematt and Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob., assess the occurrence of certain classes of secondary metabolites through phytochemical analyses, and study the effects of seasonality on morpho-anatomical and physiological traits. The study was carried out in an area of campo rupestre in the Reserva Biológica Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo of Universidade Federal de Goiás, inside Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada (PESD). Adult individuals of C. simplex and L. buddleiifolius were collected in the dry and rainy seasons. Samples were analyzed using standard techniques of plant anatomy and scanning electron microscopy. Fresh material was used for histochemical tests. The phytochemical analysis used standard reactions to detect classes of secondary metabolites. C. simplex e L. buddleiifolius had similar anatomical traits, such as amphistomatic leaves, monostratified epidermis, thin cuticle, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, anisocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral vascular bundles and hydathodes. Histochemical tests identified the presence of lipophilic substances and phenolic compounds in the studied species. Phytochemical screening of leaf and stem samples detected the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and coumarins in both species. In contrast, saponins were only found in L. buddleiifolius. Seasonality affected the morpho-anatomy of the species studied, revealing their great phenotypic plasticity. The underground system of C. simplex was a rhizophore, while the system of L. buddleiifolius was a xylopodium. Secretory ducts were found in the adventitious roots of C. simplex, whereas the roots of L. buddleiifolius had secretory endodermis. Both species had lipophilic substances and inulin crystals. Crystals were observed in the entire rhizophore of C. simplex, but exclusively in the roots of L. buddleiifolius. The phytochemical analysis of the underground systems revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and coumarins, but steroids and triterpenoids were only detected in C. simplex.
A tribo Vernonieae Cass. (Asteraceae) na Serra Dourada, Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-10-20) Moreira, Giselle Lopes; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1464201907983484; Silva, Marcos José da; Roque, Nádia
The tribe Vernonieae Cass. (Asteraceae) Serra Dourada, Goiás, Brazil. The tribe Vernonieae belongs to Cichorioideae, has 21 subtribes, 119 genera and approximately 1000 species, having a pantropical distribution. For Brazil are cited 55 genera and 437 species. In Goiás state are recorded 19 genera and 129 species. The aim of this study is to present the taxonomic treatment of the species of the tribe Vernonieae from Serra Dourada, Goiás. The collections were made between September 2011 and December 2012, and all material was depositated in UFG herbarium. The species were described based on all material examined (own collections and collections from the herbaria RB, UB and UFG). It is presented an identification key for the taxa found in the study area, as well as descriptions, followed by taxonomical comments, such as morphological variability and affinity between the taxa, comments on geographic distribution and phenology, as well as illustrations. Were found 30 species grouped in 13 genera and seven subtribes. The most representative genus was Lessingianthus H. Rob. (11 spp.), followed by Chresta Vell. ex DC. and H. Vernonanthura Rob. (3 spp. each), all together representing about 57% of the total, other four genera (Chrysolaena H. Rob., Elephantopus L., Eremanthus Less. and Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass.) are represented by two species each, and six other genera (Centratherum Cass., Echinocoryne H. Rob., Lychnophora Mart., Piptocarpha R. Br, Stenocephalum Sch.Bip. and Strophopappus DC.) with one species each. From the total species number, 76% are represented by shrub or subshrub layer, 17% herbaceous and 7% woody. Some species found in the study area have restricted geographical distribution as Chresta curumbensis (Philipson) H. Rob. (Goiás and Mato Grosso), C. speciosa Gardner (Goiás and Tocantins), Lessingianthus hoveaefolius (Gardner) H. Rob. (Goiás and Minas Gerais) and L. soderstroemii (H. Rob.) H. Rob. (Distrito Federal and Goiás). Lessingianthus rigescens (Malme) Dematt. is a new record for Goiás state, this species was initially reporterd for Mato Grosso. The study it is the first taxonomic treatment of tribe Vernonieae to some locality in the Goiás state.
Experimentos de remoção de plantas: abordagem cienciométrica e estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-11-21) Morais, Joicy Martins; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830
The relationships between organisms and the mechanisms that enable their coexistence are important issues in ecology. Plant removal experiments are useful to elucidate these mechanisms because its cause and effect response. This thesis aims to analyze experiments removal plants. The first paper presents a scientometric review of the literature on plant functional groups removal 1991. We verify aspects such as the number of publications and citations in journals indexed in the Web of Science, which country was made in order to detect bias and geographic gaps, which ecological effects were tested, which functional groups were removed, which removal methods and which environments were made. We found an increase in the number of publications and citations on average during this period, however, was 12 times lower than publications on functional diversity, perhaps due to the difficulty of conducting experiments. The work was mainly carried out in temperate climates where taxonomic knowledge is greater, in addition, there is a prevalence of vegetation that is most commonly removed than trees. Testing interactions, especially competition, was the main reason for removal, perhaps as a matter of historical competition is considered the interaction that influences the co-occurrence of species. The cut at ground was the major method of removing, undisturbing the soil and avoiding undesirable effects of herbicides, and few studies have been made in a greenhouse and in the natural environment at the same time, which could elucidate responses to natural conditions and at the same time responses specific interactions. In the second paper we carried a case study on removal of capim-flecha ( Tristachya leiostachya Ness.), a dominant grass in Emas National Park (ENP), and what the consequences of such removal to the co-occurring grasses. We expected that the absence of capim-flecha allow further growth of grasses, however we found no difference in mean values between treatments indicating that there is no competition influencing the abundance of capim-flecha. The historical context burned in PNE may have influenced this high dominance of capim-flecha. We believe that experiments are useful in testing interactions, especially if they are made in the natural environment and greenhouse at the same time.
Avaliação da atividade genotóxica e antigenotóxica do elagitanino oenoteina B isolado de Eugenia uniflora L.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-18) Silva, Cínthia Aparecida da; Lee, Chen Chen; Santos, Suzana da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811945085200334
The species Eugenia uniflora L. belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is known as “pitangueira”. It is characterized by small fruit trees that have great therapeutic potential. The leaves of E. uniflora are rich in hydrolyzable tannins, and the ellagitannin oenothein B has been studied for its remarkable antitumor activity, representing a possibility for the treatment of some cancers. However, there is a need for evaluation of possible mutagenic, genotoxic and toxic effects, which may result in damage to the human body. Three doses of oenoteina B (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) were used in the micronucleus test, and the same doses along with mitomycin C. Five doses of oenoteina B were used in SOS inductest (10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/plate) to evaluate the possible genotoxic or antigenotoxic action and examining the cytotoxic or anticytotoxic activity of this tannin. Our data showed that oenoteina B did not exhibit genotoxic effects, and furthermore, this ellagitannin demonstrated protective action against micronucleus formation induced by mitomycin C in mice. The possible use of oenoteina B as a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent still needs further studies using different tests for genotoxicity, applied to longterm, pre- and post-treatments, to investigate the mechanism of action of this compound.
Estudo taxonômico do gênero senecio sensu stricto (asteraceae-senecioneae) para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-24) Oliveira, Cellini Castro de; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Lombardi, Julio Antonio; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Noqueira, Ina de Souza
Senecio stricto sensu has about 1,000 species distributed predominantly in mountainous areas of the world. This genus is particularly diverse in South America, where are found about 500 species. In Brazil, Senecio s. s. is represented by 61 species distributed predominatly in damp or swampy fields altitude of the South and Southeastern regions. The taxonomy of Senecio s. s. species occurring in Brazil is unclear and need increments, since the most comprehensive studies of the Brazilian species are outdated, especially due to the addition of new taxa and du to changes in the circumscription of the genus. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the species of Senecio s. s. occurring in the Rio de Janeiro State of which was based on survey of literature, bimonthly collections and consultation of herbarium materials (BHCB, ESA, HB, NY, R, RB, SP, UFG and VIC). Were recorded fourteen species, two of them (S. bonariensis and S. juergensii) are new records for the state of Rio de Janeiro showing that floristic inventories in the state are still needed. A historical revision to the genus, a key to species occurring in Rio de Janeiro, as well as descriptions with taxonomic comments, geographic distribution and illustrations for them all are given.
Características morfofisiológicas, produção e composição de óleo essencial em folhas de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd- Lamiaceae cultivada em diferentes níveis de sombreamento
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-26) Araújo, Laís Lima Nabuco; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9055607630353419
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN LEAVES OF Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd-LAMIACEAE CULTIVATED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SHADING. Tetradenia riparia ( Hochst ) Codd- Lamiaceae, popularly known as incense, is used for diseases like malaria, angina, gastroenteritis , headaches , bronchitis , among other diseases. Its essential oil contains approximately 200 components. The diterpenoids have antimicrobial, antispasmodic and antitricomonas activity. Considering the importance of light on plant growth and development the present study aims to evaluate morphological and physiological characteristics and production and composition of essential oil of Tetardenia riparia cultivated at different levels of shading. For this, seedlings were propagated by stem cuttings and grown in mini-greenhouses completely covered with black polyethylene screens produced to provide 30%, 50% and 80 % of levels shading and also grown under open sky. Leaves were evaluated after 150 days of treatment. The plants under open sky had greater foliar blade thickness. Shaded plants had higher leaf area. There were no significant differences in stomata and trichomes in the abaxial epidermis. The highest oil yield occurred in plants grown with 30 % and 50 % shading treatments. The major component of the essential oil, regardless of the treatment, was the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbon 14 - hydroxy -9 - epi - (E) - caryophyllene. Many chemical compounds of the essential oil alter its content according to treatments and other compounds were only observed at specific levels of shading. The total content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids was higher in 50% and 80% treatment shading. The levels of chlorophyll “b” and a / b ratio did not change in different treatments. The different treatments did not change values of ash. The lipid content was lower in the treatment of 80% and increased protein and nitrogen content in 50% and 80% treatment shading.
Plantas ornitófilas de sub-bosque e suas interações com beija-flores
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Silva, Raphael Matias da; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Freitas, Leandro; Franceschinelli, Edivani V.
Ornithophilous plant species occur in greater number in the understory of tropical forests, with Acanthaceae as one of the major families with this pollination syndrome. However, several other angiosperm families have species pollinated by hummingbirds, which is the largest group of vertebrate pollinators of the Neotropic, besides being the most representative and specialized group of nectarivorous birds. The present study is organized into three chapters, with the following objectives: 1) Conduct a literature review, compiling information on the pollination and reproductive systems found in the family Acanthaceae Juss. in Brazil, 2) Assess the association between ornithophilous understory plants and hummingbirds in two fragments, evaluating potential levels of specialization according to the floral traits, 3) To investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae), including aspects of its morphology, floral biology, nectar energy availability and reproductive system. Four pollination syndromes were recorded in a total of 28 species of Acanthaceae family: ornithophily, melittophily, psicofilia and chiropterophily. The ornithophily was the predominant syndrome and, consequently, hummingbirds were the most common group of floral visitors. Regarding the reproductive system, 94.1% of the Acanthaceae species studied in Brazil are self-compatible. In the study of the community ecology of the ornithophilous plants, 12 species were recorded, with Acanthaceae being the principal ornithophilous family. Thalurania furcata was the hummingbird which interacted with the greatest number of species, being considered as a generalist. The average amount of sugar produced in the area, by the species, was the only factor associated with the visitation rate. This feature may be a consequence of the fact, that larger resource quantities represent greater attraction and greater abundance of hummingbirds that exploit these resources in the areas. G. pubescens was the ornithophilous species that offered the greatest amount of resources to hummingbirds in the studied area. Based only on the amount of available energy for this plant species, on a daily basis, the studied fragment can support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during its flowering peak. G. pubescens produced no fruit by agamospermy and self-spontaneous pollinations. Thus, these results demonstrate the importance of the hummingbirds (the unique visitors) in the pollen flow occurrence and therefore, in the fruit formation of the species.
Morfoanatomia, tricomas glandulares e análise fitoquímica de Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE) ocorrente em área de cerrado rupestre
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Fernandes, Yanne Sousa; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7382650435948677; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Safadi, Giuliana Muniz Vila Verde; Rezende, Maria Helena
Cerrado rupestre is a subtype of arboreal-shrub vegetation that occurs in rupestrian and rocky habitats. Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae of the family Asteraceae, and it is endemic to Brazil. Given the scant knowledge of the botanical traits of this species, the present study aimed to describe the morpho-anatomy of leaves and stems, characterize and identify developmental stages of glandular trichomes, detect the presence of metabolites by phytochemical screening, and determine the composition of the essential oil from aerial vegetative and reproductive parts of T. eupatorioides from a cerrado rupestre area. Samples of T. eupatorioides were collected from the Biological Reserve “Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo” of Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Fully expanded leaves, stems, stem apices, flowers and involucral bracts were used for the morpho-anatomical study and to describe glandular trichomes. Aerial vegetative and reproductive organs were used for the phytochemical study. T. eupatorioides shares anatomical traits with other species described in the literature, such as amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls and thick external periclinal walls, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, endodermis with starch and Casparian strips, fibers associated to the vascular bundle, and secretory ducts. The glandular trichomes secrete essential oils and phenolic compounds and may be uniseriate or biseriate. The differentiation of the glandular trichomes begins with the expansion of a protodermal cell. The first division is anticlinal for biseriate trichomes, and periclinal for uniseriate ones. The phytochemical screening identified flavonoid and cardiac glycosides and coumarins. Twenty components of the essential oil were identified; of these, 95% were sesquiterpenes. The major components were the sesquiterpenes 3,5-muuroladiene (39.56%), butylated hydroxytoluene (13.07%), and (E)-caryophyllene (5.63%).
Cianobactérias planctônicas do reservatório do ribeirão João Leite (Goiás) durante a fase de enchimento: florística e floração
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-21) Carmo, Elaine Jacob da Silva Carmo; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782283E3; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Gomes, Lenora Nunes Ludolf; Jardim, Fernando Antônio
Ribeirão Leite is considered as one of the main sources of public water supply for the city of Goiânia and its metropolitan region. The soil in the watershed is principally used for agro-pastoral activities that may favor the supply of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen for the water reservoir and consequently for the formation of blooms of microalgae and cyanobacteria. No floristic studies of cyanobacteria have been carried out for this reservoir, which is recently formed, however there has been pre-dominance of potentially toxic planktonic cyanobacteria during the filling of this reservoir, which reflects the limnological conditions of the Ribeirão Leite basin. The present study aims to identify and characterize the morphospecies of cyanobacteria and evaluate structure and dynamics of populations. The sample period comprised the date from January 2010 to January 2011, which was filling stage, with the collection of phytoplankton and limnologicals carried out twice a week until the first half of May 2010, and from this date, it was repeated weekly. Physicochemical and also qualitative and quantitative analyzes of phytoplankton were performed in water analysis laboratory of Saneago. Specimens of cyanobacteria were analyzed with microscopy “Zeiss Axiostar plus”, and micro-photographed with image capture system “Axiocam ERc5s” and also with imaging system “Axiovision”. The initial phase of filling of the reservoir demonstrated the greatest efficiency on rainy period of the year, nevertheless, the intermediate phase, which was on dry period, showed lower efficiency. The blooms were observed as characteristics of rainy periods of the year. In the first period, there was the dominance of Geitlerinema amphibium and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and in the second period, Aphanocapsa delicatissima was observed as dominant. It was monitored that during the filling phase, there was predominance of filamentous cyanobacteria and in the final phase, dominance was of the colonial organisms. The PCA indicated that the explanatory variables of the system were turbidity, total phosphorus and Secchi disk depth extinction coefficient (axis 1 to 31.7%). In Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), sampling units were influenced on the 1º axis by the dominance of G. amphibium at the stage of filling, when the turbidity was high and Secchi depth (axis 1 to 14.8%, p <0.05; environment correlation of species 0.806) was lower. The Detrended Correspondence Analysis confirmed the distribution of taxa among different climatic periods. For the state of Goiás, 28 taxa were mentioned for the first time
Características anatômicas da raiz de Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty submetida a esgoto sanitário
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Carvalho Filho, Felipe João; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; Castro, Evaristo Mauro de
The vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is a plant of Asian origin used for production of perfumes (from an oil extracted from its roots), erosion control, restoration of degraded areas, crafts, phytoremediation, feeding animals and sewage treatment in areas where lack basic sanitation. This study evaluated the morphology and anatomy of the root of C. zizanioides submitted to the waste, in order to confirm the hypothesis that changes in their development due to different oxygen concentrations. The experiment was conducted at the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Samambaia, located on campus II of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). The station is divided into Pond 1 (facultative - 186 m length) and Pond 2 (maturation - 112,90 m in length), in which seven floats were distributed every 40 meters, a float remained in a box with potable water (control); each float three individuals were planted. Seven collections were taken during the six-month period every 28 days. The following measurements were taken: total length and outer diameter; the total cross sectional diameter (area), thickness of the epidermis, cortical thickness (total), thickness aerenchyma/parenchymal, thickness of endoderm, cylinder vascular diameter, diameter of the elements (metaxylem) and number of elements (metaxylem) in both proximal and distal regions. To characterize the anatomical crosssections in the proximal and distal roots were performed. The roots have a uniseriate epidermis; cortex sclerenchymatous ring, fundamental parenchyma, aerenchyma and endoderm; central cylinder unistratified pericycle, xylem and phloem and medullary region composed of parenchyma cells. There were differences in the development of aerenchyma, besides the increase in thickening of the cell walls of the cells sclerenchymatous ring, and endoderm vessel element; as well as the number of layers of the cortex and the number of vessel elements. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in eight of the ten variables. In Pond 1 (facultative) there is a high concentration of organic matter and low rate of dissolved oxygen, which directly affected the development of the roots, and from the 4th collection, the ancient roots senescence and new were formed, however, did not develop the proximal region due to unfavorable conditions. In pond 2 (maturity) there is a low concentration of organic matter and higher rate of dissolved oxygen, which allowed the development of both the distal region and the proximal, however, have not reached the development presented by the roots of control. The roots were affected development in their morphology and anatomy, however, does not have structural modifications. Vetiver grass can contribute in wastewater treatment process if individuals are placed at least 160 meters from the release of raw wastewater, distance at which the concentration of dissolved oxygen shall not interfere in the formation and development of roots.
Aspectos do desenvolvimento em feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) inoculados com Trichoderma spp.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Moreira, Suya Samara; Rezende, Maria Helena; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Portes, Tomás de Aquino; Júnior, Murilo Lobo
Fungi of the genus Trichodermaspp. can be used as biological control agents and also as inducer of growth in different plants. Its action is based on different mechanisms such as the production of secondary metabolites, competition for space and nutrients, production of hydrolytic enzymes and signaling molecules. However, only a few works were made about morphological and anatomical aspects of the interaction between Trichodermaspp. and plants. This project aims to watch and determine the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum(ALL42 and T22) and Trichoderma asperellum(T34) strains in morphological and anatomical aspects of the bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Morphological parameters as size of the root, root volume, dry mass and leaf area were analyzed, and some anatomical parameters like quantitative analysis of mesophile thickness leaf epidermis in stages V2, V4, R5, R7and R8, and the alteration of the structural characteristics of the root in stages V2, V4 and R5. The treatments were performed in seeds free from inoculation with Trichodermaspp. (control) and seeds treated with Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 and T34 with three replicates each, totaling twelve treatments for stage analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA analysis of variance and separation of means test. The obtained data suggest that changes occurred inthe biomass of the dried plant, leaf area, length and volume of the root in most of the analyzed stages. However, in thickness of mesophyle analyse, significant differences was found only in stages V4 and R7. It was observed that the treated samples showed a greater Trichodermaspp. secondary cylinder vascular growth of roots, mainly in V4 stage. Was observed in R5 stage a further development of secondary xylem in the vascular cylinder of roots when treated with Trichodermaspp.. These data suggest that the fungus accelerates the development in P. vulgarisL. roots. Among the parameters analyzed, isolates of T. harzianum(ALL42 and T22) was those who shows a bigger difference when compared with the control.
Biologia floral e sistema de autoincompatibilidade de Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (Fabaceae), no município de Goiás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-23) Almeida, Elga de Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904
The plant reproductive biology involves all the features (morphological, anatomical or physiological) of a species that participate in the reproduction of its individuals. The Fabaceae family is one of the most important of the Cerrado, the genus Bauhinia being one of the most diversified. Several studies with species of Bauhinia L. showed diversity in floral shapes, reproductive phenology, reproductive system and interactions with different groups of pollinators. In general, the Bauhinia species are outcrossing and have low reproductive efficiency. Bauhinia brevipes is common in the municipality of Goiás-GO and has floral features compatible with the syndrome chiropterophily: white flowers that release a strong odour overnight, producing large amounts of nectar with low sugar concentration. Flowers of B. brevipes may have reduced ovaries or anthers with low production of viable pollen, indicating that this species moves towards sexual separation in some flowers. Although the visit the bats to flowers were not seen, their flights over the plants were observed. A test of exclusion of diurnal pollinators showed the efficiency of nocturnal pollinators in B. brevipes. The flowers of B. brevipes not have herkogamy as the main factor to avoid inbreeding, but some flowers positioned above the anthers stigma were observed. The species present gametophytic selfincompatibility and therefore requires the pollinators visit to ensure pollinating pollen exchange among different and unrelated plants. Bauhinia brevipes has an average 20% of reproductive efficiency. In general, the species showed a high level of pollen limitation (0.73). The largest fruit production occurs in the middle position of the inflorescence. Most of fruit produced occurs in the median position of the inflorescence, when possibly the availability of pollen in the system is higher and resources are available for their development.
Morfoanatomia de órgãos vegetativos aéreos e sistemas subterrâneos de Ichthyothere mollis Baker. e Jungia floribunda less. (asteraceae) ocorrentes no cerrado rupestre do estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-25) Souza, Vinicius Pina; Rezende, Maria Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5093753722360659
The Cerrado is a biome characterized by climatic seasonality and by the diversity of species and physiognomies, including them, the cerrado rupestre with herbaceous-subshrubs strata and water deficit. Among the families of wide distribution in Cerrado Asteraceae stands out as an important representative of the cerrado rupestre. The present study aimed to analyze the anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry of the aerial vegetative and underground systems organs of Ichthyothere mollis Baker. and Jungia floribunda Less. (Asteraceae) as well as evaluate quantitatively anatomical variations in due to the seasonality of the environment where the species occur. The collections were made in the Reserva Biológica Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo of Universidade Federal de Goiás, inside Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada (PESD) located in the municipalities of Mossâmedes, Goiás and Buriti de Goiás, during the dry and rainy seasons, and subjected to the usual techniques in plant anatomy. Features common to both species were identified, such as thin cuticle, epicuticular striations, tector and glandular trichomes, anisocytic and anomocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral vascular bundles, secretory ducts and hydathodes. Otherwise, I. mollis has amphistomatic leaves and J. floribunda hypostomatic leaves and druses. In both species flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoid, lignin and lipophilic substances were detected. Quantitative analysis of the parameters of the leaf blade enabled us to verify that the species have plasticity. The underground system of I. mollis is a bud-bearing xylopodium with root buds and J. floribunda a xylopodium with tuberous roots, in both species, xylopodium comprises a bud-bearing lignified axis. Secretory ducts were found in the xylopodium and roots; in the roots lipophilic substances and phenolic compounds were detected. Both underground systems of the species analyzed inulin-type fructans are mainly located in cells of the secondary xylem. Some features observed in aerial vegetative organs and underground systems may be related to adaptation and/or tolerance of these plants to cerrado rupestre.
O gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae sensu lato) no Estado de Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Antunes, Lorena Lana Camelo; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Ferreira, Heleno Dias; Nogueira, Ina de Souza
Subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae are circumscribed in the Leguminosae, which is cosmopolitan, encompasses approximately 750 genera and 19.500 species, and is the third largest taxon of the Angiosperms. In Brazil, it is the richest family, with 2.756 species and 213 genera, which makes it very important ecologically. Papilionoideae, its largest subfamily, with 478 genera, 13.800 species, and 28 tribes, is monophyletic and traditionally recognized for the papilionaceous flowers, leaves usually imparipinnate or trifoliolate, and legume fruits. Among Papilionoideae tribes, Dalbergieae sensu lato is one of the largest, encompassing 49 genera and ca. 1.325 species, distributed in the clades Adesmia, Pterocarpus, and Dalbergia. The latter is the most diverse, with 706 species distributed in 17 genera, among which Aeschynomene stands out for its complex taxonomy, paraphyletic nature, and high representativeness (ca. 180 species). In Brazil, Aeschynomene is the most diverse genus of Dalbergieae sensu lato, with 49 species. Nonetheless, the taxonomic knowledge of this genus in Brazilian flora is scarce, moreover considering its species that occur in the central part of the country. Based on usual methods, the taxonomic study of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás. This taxonomic study resulted in the registration of 25 species, one of them new to science (A. veadeirana Silva M. J. & Antunes L. L. C.), nine new occurrences, three synonymizations, and one lectotypification. This dissertation reveals the diversity of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás and furnishes information to understand the infrageneric and evolutionary relationships in the genus.

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