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Item Bioconversão do derivado N-Fenilpiperazínico LASSBio 579, um potencial candidato a protótipo de fármacos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-09-12) GOMES, Tatiana Caixeta Ferreira; OLIVEIRA, Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604Bioconversion reactions using filamentous fungi have been extensively exploited and the results obtained are interesting for metabolism studies. The microbial models of animal metabolism, based on the similarity between mammalian metabolism and enzymatic microbial, became a promising alternative for the elucidation of metabolic routes of drugs. In this context, the aim of this work was to promote bioconversion studies with the N-phenylpiperazine derivative LASSBio 579, (1-[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-methyl]-4-phenyl-piperazine), a potencial lead of drugs prototypes. For that HPLC and TLC analytical methodologies were developed and tested for monitoring the bioconversion reactions for this compound. Beneath the documented catalytic activity for different microorganism, fiftteen of filamentous fungi were employed in this study: Absídia blakesleana ATCC 26617; Absídia blakesleana ATCC 10148b; Aspergillus candidus ATCC 2023; Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 1009; Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7149; Chaetonium indicum LCP 984200; Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244; Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9245; Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112; Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 26169; Curvularia lunata NRRL 2380; Fusarium roseum ATCC 14717; Mortierella isabelina NRRL 1757; Mucor griseocyanus ATCC 1207a; Rhizopus arrhizus ATCC 11145. Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244 and Aspergillus candidus ATCC 2023 were chosen for studies in semi-preparative scales due to their capacity of producing a bigger variety of metabolites and one of them in greater amount, respectively. Five different derivatives were detected of which three were characterized by NMR and MS (LaBioCon 23, 24 and 25) as hidroxylated, glycosylated and methylpiperazine derivatives respectively, being this last comparative one and identified as being the mammalian derivate of LASSBio 579.Item Atividade antitumoral e antiangiogênica de Synadenium umbellatum Pax in vitro e in vivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-11) NOGUEIRA, Iara Antonia Lustosa; BOZINIS, Marize Campos Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018Synadenium umbellatum Pax is a vegetable belonging to Euphorbiaceae, popularly known as cola-nota , milagrosa , and cancerola , is empirically used as a natural remedy for fighting cancer. In this study we assessed the antitumoral and antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo of ethanolic crude extract and hexanic and chloroformic fractions of S. umbellatum. Citotoxicity assessment tests in vitro were carried out through MTT reduction and Trypan blue exclusion methods, by using Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells and K-562 lineage. Antitumoral and antiangiogenic activity in vivo essays were carried out through Ehrlich ascitic tumor experimental model in Swiss mice. Ethanolic crude extract was tested in 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg/day doses, whereas chloroformic fraction was tested in 1.2; 2.3 and 5.8 mg/kg/day doses, and hexanic fraction in 0.4; 0.8; and 1.9 mg/kg/day doses, for 10 days. The results showed concentration-dependent citotoxic activity, presenting through MTT method the inhibitory concentrations of 50% (Cl 50) 0.4, 0.1, and 0.08 mg/ml for ethanolic crude extract, chloroformic and hexanic fractions, respectively. And in the Trypan blue exclusion test, cell inhibition was 75%, 68%, and 80%, and 95%, 58%, and 64% for Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells and K-562 lineage, respectively. Ethanolic crude extract in the 25mg/kg/day dose increased the animals survival rate, parallely with the reduction of the amount of tumoral cells, beyond present activity on the tumor angiogenesis, and reduce vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Chloroformic and hexanic fractions, in in vivo essays, did not present significant outcomes. Thus, can conclude in the condition this study, that S. umbellatum shows antitumoral and antiangiogenic activityItem AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE PRÉ-CLINICA DO LÁTEX E DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DAS FOLHAS E DE Synadenium umbellatum PAX.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-12) AZEREDO, Flaubertt Santana de; CUNHA, Luiz Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349547031976679Item Desenvolvimento e validação de uma metodologia analítica, em CLAE-PDA, para avaliação da estabilidade do 4-nerolidilcatecol na presença de seus produtos de degradação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-20) CARDOSO, Fabiana Fernandes de Santana e Silva; REZENDE, Kênnia Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3337615895445199The 4-nerolidylcatechol is the main secondary metabolite of the species Pothomorphe umbellata L. Miq. with established antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective actions. Nevertheless, after its isolation and storage, evidence of photoinstability is observed, in a way that the characterization of the factors that influence such instability become mandatory, facing the perspective of a new drug development. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop and validate a hromatographic methodology able to analyze the degradation kinetic of the 4-NRC, in the presence of the degradation products, using the high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a detector with photodiodes (HPLC-PDA). Our results showed that the analytical method was selective (5 μg/mL) and linear over a wide range of concentrations (5.0 to 500.0 μg/mL) indicating high intra-day (0,02 2.83%) and inter-day precision (0.59 4.89%), besides accuracy (98.46 104.88%) and ruggedness. The photolytic study showed a fast degradation of 4- nerolidylcatechol (tR = 25 min), generating a major product after a total run time of 8 min. The hydrolytic study showed high instability of the substance in alkaline medium (pH 13.00), generating a major product after a chromatographic run time of 26 min. In acid conditions (pH 1.00), the degradation of 4-NRC was slow and partial, even though after 72 hours of exposure, and under heating stress. The main product of the acid degradation was seen after 12 min. The degradation kinetics of 4-NRC in alkaline and photolytic conditions showed evidences of a 2º order profile, for both reactions. Accordingly, it may be proposed the storage of 4-NRC in neutral medium, under refrigerated conditions and also, protected from light incidence preventing degradation. In addition, it must be avoided storage in solution, mainly in alkaline conditions, once they accelerate the rate of 4-NRC degradation.Item INVESTIGAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL TÓXICO DO EXTRATO BRUTO ETANÓLICO DAS SEMENTES DE ANNONA CORIACEA MART. (ARATICUM) EM CAMUNDONGOS SUBCRONICAMENTE EXPOSTOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-09-25) NASCIMENTO, Guilherme Nobre Lima do; FERREIRA, Tales Alexandre Aversi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101341437463729; BOZINIS, Marize Campos Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018The araticum (Annona coriacea Mart.) is a typical fruit of the brazilian cerrado used popularly to overcome inflammatory processes. The family Annonaceae presents as the main constituents acetogenins, a class of substances with great cytotoxic and genotoxic potential, and cited as responsible for a disease similar to parkinson in a Caribbean population that used the fruit as much as food and for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the putative activity of crude ethanolic extract of seeds of A. coriacea on the cerebral cortex of mice exposed at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg, and evaluate its activity on different areas of the brain, the liver and kidneys. We used 30 adult male Swiss mice divided into groups control, solvent and treated (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg). The extract was administered orally for four days. The target organs were extirpated, fixed in 70% ethanol (v / v) and processed for histological method - hematoxylin and eosin. The analysis of the slides was performed by image processing system for counting cells and other morphometric analysis. The morphological studies showed no significant changes to the brain in different areas, just as no changes were detected in the kidneys. On the other hand, was found a reduction on the frequency of cells per area of the liver, like as an reduction on the consumption of food, water and production of excreta. We conclude with this work a possible hepatotoxic activity induced by exposure to crude ethanol extract of seeds of A. Coriacea Mart., observed by the decrease in frequency of cells per area of the liver, correlated with reductions in consumption of food / water and production of excreta by animals.Item Motorização terapêutica do metotrexato sob altas doses, em pacientes portadores de leucemia linfoblástica aguda(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-09-29) LELES, Raphael Nunes; CUNHA, Luiz Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349547031976679Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug with high toxicity, used in high doses for the treatment of neoplasic diseases. Therapeutic concentrations preserve the effectiveness, but higher values increases the toxicity risks. The aim of this article was to develop and validate an analytical method on HPLC-PDA to measure methotrexate plasma levels on children affected by LLA. The analytical method was performed with a mobile phase composed by acetic acid 0,1%:methanol:acetonitrile in concentration gradients during the analysis. The validation parameters were: specificity, relative recovery, lowest (LLQ) and higher limits of quantification, precision (Intra-assay standard deviation), accuracy, log time stability, calibration curve and co-validation. Biological samples were collected from 7 patients hospitalized on Araújo Jorge Hospital totaling 42 blood samples used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. As results we obtained a method with a flow-rate of 1.5 mL/min, the methotrexate and teophyllin detection were observed in 304 and 271 nm respectively, in 13 minutes of carryover. The relative recovery was about 71%, LLQ about 0,1 μg/Ml. Intra-assay standard deviation was 11% for LLQ and no more than 14,88% for other concentrations; the accuracy was 97,63% and the long time stability was confirmed in human blood with a -20º C freezing. As pharmacokinetic parameters, we estimate the total clearance (3,03 L/h), constant of elimination (0,2586 h-1), a distribution volume of 12,57 L, half-life time as 2,73 h and median AUCT (for area under the time vs concentratrion curve) of 626,493 μgh/mL. As conclusion, the analytical method proved to be high efficient to detect and to quantify the drug on human blood, and we observed the high variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters, showing the importance of realize the therapeutic drug monitoring.Item APLICAÇÃO DO ENSAIO DE DISSOLUÇÃO NA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE MEDICAMENTOS FITOTERÁPICOS À BASE DE Passiflora sp(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-10-29) COSTA, Ane Rosalina Trento; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267Phytomedicines must to have as active ingredients only products derived from plants. The quality control of these medicines has not yet properly established criteria even with the growing consumption of these drugs worldwide. Among the assays to evaluate the quality there is the test of dissolution, used to examine the release of the active principle from a capsule or tablet in medium that simulates the place of their absorption. Among the nature drugs best known there is Passiflora incarnata L., whose possess sedative action. The C-flavonoid glycosides vitexin and isovitexin are the main components found in aereal parts of Passiflora sp and are used as markers of the genus in the tests of quality control. This study was conducted to apply the test of dissolution to phytotherapy containing passion flower. The method for quantifying of capsules and tablets used was the spectrophotometric assay described in British Pharmacopoeia (2007) to the powder of P. incarnata. The method has been validated for capsules and then used in the tests of dissolution, with apparatus shovel, 37 C ± 0.5 ° C, speed of 50 rpm in 500 mL of the medium of dissolution 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2, collecting 50 ml at the end of 30 minutes. We have investigated an alternative method for quantification of total flavonoids in ultraviolet spectrophotometer , in a wavelength of 269 nm or 350 nm, looking for a more simple and quick method to be used in routine testing, and because be less polluting and unhealthy. In the tests carried out to quantify the levels of total flavonoids found for the manipulated capsules were 2% for powder and 0.975 % for dry extract; for industrialized tablets the levels were 5.5% and 1.52%. The dissolution assay of the pharmaceutical forms at this study showed that the capsules containing dry extract or powder and one of the industrialized tablets showed 87%, 75% e 76%, respectively, of dissolution within 30 minutes of tests. In relation to the proposed alternative method, was selected the wavelength 350 nm for direct quantification of flavonoids presents in the phytomedicines and at the medium of dissolution. It can be noted that the results were consistent and similar to the datas of the validated method: 85% to dry extract, 80% to powder e 75% to one of the industrialized tablets. Whereas the phytomedicines represent a niche market and an opportunity for diversification of the national pharmaceutical industry, it is necessary to defined parameters of quality to ensure its therapeutic action. So, the studies of dissolution are an essential tool which helps to ensuring the quality of these medicines.Item Estudo fitoquímico e avaliações da toxicidade aguda e atividades biológicas da raiz do vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) Poaceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-23) BARROS, Gilvana Cristina de; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267The use of medicinal plants in controlling the diseases has shown its potential for the discovery of new medicines. Among the plant species used in the Hospital de Medicina Alternativa (HMA / SES-GO) highlights the vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash), an aromatic plant of the family Poaceae, used as a mild anti-hypertensive and diuretic. In this work it was investigated the chemical composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of vetiver, the freeze-dried aqueous extract and the essential oil from the roots of V. zizanioides. In the hydroalcoholic extract were found terpenoids compounds and / or saponins, flavonoids and phenolic acid. In the freeze-dried aqueous extract was observed the presence of flavonoids and phenols. In the essential oil 38 compounds were identified, and khusimol, palustrol, khusimona, zizanona and epi-α-vetivona were the major constituents. In the assessment of the acute toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract and the freeze-dried aqueous extract of root of V. zizanioides, it was concluded that these extracts showed no toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg / kg. The freeze-dried aqueous extract of the roots of V. zizainoides showed no statistically significant diuretic action in the doses tested. In the investigation of antimicrobial activity, the essential oil of the root of V. zizanioides showed potent activity to inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MIC of 0.15 mg / mL. The crude ethanolic extract showed an antimicrobial activity with MIC of 0.19 mg / mL for Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus roseus and 0.39 mg / mL for Micrococcus luteus, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The hexane fraction showed stronger antimicrobial activity against strains of M. luteus, M. roseus, S. aureus and B. cereus. This study could prove that the essential oil, the crude ethanol extract and hexane fraction from roots of V. zizanioides showed antimicrobial potential.Item Qualidade de vida de vítimas de violência por projétil de arma de fogo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-05-19) SILVA, Ana Claudia de Carvalho Mello; BRASIL, Virginia Visconde; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1940761888797180Interpersonal violence by firearm projectile reaches young people around the world and this event may trigger physical and psychological trauma that can change in a negative way the quality of life in this population. This exploratory descriptive study aimed at evaluating the quality of life of victims of interpersonal violence by firearm projectile aged 18 to 39 years and interned at Hospital of Goiânia (HUGO) and identify the presence of symptoms for screening Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD). We interviewed 95 victims of gun violence in HUGO interned with the aid of the WHOQOL-Bref and the PCL-PC. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis with p <0.005. The majority (94.7%) were male, mean age 24.6 + / - 5.5 years, 58.9% are black or brown, 66.3% have no steady partner and 73.7% in income between one to two minimum wages. 89.5% of the violent events occurred between 20:07 hours, 52.6% on weekends and holidays, 48.4% of victims had drunk alcohol or drugs before the event and 78.9% had witnessed or were victims of violence before. 74.7% of them said that the violence caused physical and emotional changes (57.9%). the average value assigned in the self-assessment of quality of life was 3.03 and 2.72 for satisfaction with health. The dimensions obtained higher mean scores were the domain of social relationships (52.84) and psychological (50.98). The physical domain and the environment had an average 48.26 and 44.71 respectively. In the physical domain, the facets with an average of less than 3.0 were related to work (2.75), satisfaction with sleep (2.81), difficulties with mobility (2.86), pain (2.89) and dependence on medical treatment (2.94). The environmental domain had scores below 3.0 on the facets related to the feeling of safety (2.27), money (2.76), satisfaction with transportation (2.61), leisure opportunities (2.85) satisfaction with living quarters (2.87). It was observed that the perceptions of individuals frenteaos aspects analyzed in each dimension of WHOQOL-bref, is fairly homogeneous. 60% of the victims showed symptoms and screening for vulnerability to PTSD. It is concluded that the victim of armed violence undergoes changes in their quality of life evidenced by the low values assigned to all dimensions, especially those related to the physical realm and environment that can guide the professional actions and policies for this population. The vulnerability for developing PTSD may have influenced the assessment of quality of life and indicates the need of immediate professional intervention in order to help victims return to their daily activities.Item Planejamento, síntese e avaliação farmacológica de novos candidatos a protótipos de fármacos anti-inflamatórios(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-15) GOMES, Marcelo do Nascimento; MENEGATTI, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8354030864254626In the field of a research line that seeks the planning, the synthesis and the pharmacologycal evaluation of new candidates to prototypes of anti-inflammatory drugs, we will describe in this project the planning of derived new pyrazolics (LQFM 002-003), originally drawn starting from the nerolidilcatecol (24) and arylsulfonilpiperazines, (25) that present profile inhibition of the enzyme sPLA2. The compounds (E)-N-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-1,3-dimethtyl-1-H-pyrazol-5-amine (LQFM 002) and (E)-N-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-il) methyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (LQFM 003), were submitted to pharmacologycal rehearsals in vitro, seeking to evaluate the enzymatic inhibition activity of the sPLA2. For the prototype (LQFM 002) the inhibition halos were 14,43 ± 6,28%, 16,68 ± 2,45%, 23,61 ± 2,62%, 37,06 ± 3,25%, in the doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg/mL respectively. For the compound (LQFM 003), the halos were 1,85 ± 1,38%, 9,29 ± 3,33%, 7,82 ± 3,32%, 13,21 ± 3,22%, respectively. Subsequently the rehearsal in vivo was accomplished to evaluate the profile of cellular migration. Being also analyzed the concentration of plasmatic protein by the methodology of the Evans of blue once the inflammatory process was induced. The compound (LQFM 002) presented inhibition on cellular migration of 50,46 ± 14,34% in the peritonit test, 68,7 ± 2,65% in the pleurisy test and reduction of 40,1 ± 6,40% of the plasmatics proteins for the method of coloration of the Evans of blue. The compound (LQFM 003) presented 25,89 ± 5,39% inhibition, in the doses of 50 mg/Kg, characterizing, significant anti-inflammatory profile for the prototype (LQFM 002). Parallel to the pharmacologycal synthetic work and, we carried out theoretical studies through the application of molecular dynamics. The parameters of the enzyme sPLA2 was more effective through the applications of the water box's, once the smaller state energy observed was of -175000kcal/mol. At the end of this project, we can conclude that the structural planning applied in the project was validated through the applications of the pharmacologycal rehearsals, once both molecules were recognized by the enzyme sPLA2 and they presented anti-inflammatory activity in the rehearsal of cellular migration. In addition, the applied synthetic methodology for obtaining of the prototypes pyrazolics (LQFM 002-003) studied was satisfatory.Item AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE ORAL AGUDA E DAS ATIVIDADES DIURÉTICA E ANTIOXIDANTE, DA Rudgea viburnoides (CHAM.) BENTH. (CONGONHA-DE-BUGRE)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-16) PUCCI, Liuba Laxor; CUNHA, Luiz Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349547031976679The Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae), popularly known as "congonha, congonha-de-Bugre or Bugre" is used in folk medicine as diuretic, hypotensive, anti-rheumatic and depurative of blood (leaves tea). This species is being traded as "porangaba" and used in weight loss programs. This work aimed to study the acute toxicity, the diuretic and antioxidant activities of R. viburnoides. The test for acute toxicity in single dose was performed with the ethanolic crude extract, administered orally, at concentrations of 2000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg in mice and rats of both sexes by the testo of Class.To test for diuretic activity in rats, it was used the crude ethanolic extract of the leaves at concentrations of 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 160mg/kg, and furosemide 20mg/kg as positive control. The determination of total phenols of the crude extract and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol/water) was performed by the method of Butler and Hargerman and the evaluation of antioxidant activity performed by the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl -hidrazil (DPPH). There was no acute toxicity of crude ethanolic extract of the leaves and it was classified as non toxic.The results has shown that the ethanolic extract presented dependent dose diuretic effect higher than furosemide, used as positive control. The crude ethanolic extract showed 0.84% of total phenols, the fraction hexanic 0.44%, the dichloromethane fraction 1.91%, the fraction of ethyl acetate fraction 15.43% and the fraction methanol/water 7.92%. The ethyl acetate fraction showed better antioxidant action. The results obtained so far may justify the popular use of Rudgea viburnoides as diureticItem Avaliação do perfil metabólico da estavudina através do emprego da bioconversão e da modelagem molecular do citocromo P-450 CYP3A4(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-26) FREITAS, Lênis Medeiros de; SABINO, José Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9101677399031185; OLIVEIRA, Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604Before the approval of an active compound, metabolism studies are necessary to ensure its safety, once active metabolites could be synthesized during human biotransformation. The use of eukaryotic microorganisms for the study of drug metabolism has been widely explored, due to its capability of producing metabolites similar to the mammalians, and in silico studies consist in a fast strategy when compared with traditional metabolism studies. In this context, molecular modeling, using docking of molecules of interest in the active site of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, is a useful tool to evaluate the interactions between drug and receptor, because it could predict favorable orientations that could be biotransformated. In this work, sixteen filamentous fungi strains, obtained from collections and isolated from soil in the central Brazil, were evaluated for their capability of the antiretroviral stavudine biotransformation, also complemented by animal metabolism studies and molecular modeling of the most relevant cytochrome P450 isoform of human metabolism: CYP3A4. From the bioconversion experiments, the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 26169 was capable of metabolize stavudine, forming mammalian metabolites, producing the thymine derivative. Dynamic molecular studies demonstrated that the most probable reactions for stavudine, catalyzed by CYP3A4, involves hydroxylation of methyl group (position C-7) and the double bond epoxidation of the furanic ring, showing the importance of some residues of the active site in this process, like Arg212Item PRODUÇÃO DE LACASE E BIOCONVERSÃO DE FLAVONÓIDES POR Pycnoporus sanguineus.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-30) BATISTA, Francislene Lavôr; GARCIA, Telma Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340261924930737; OLIVEIRA, Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604The bioconversion is an area of the biotechnology that has increased in an expansive way, and it includes enzymatic reactions by microorganisms. These microorganisms that present enzymatic systems similar to those present in mammalian systems, it s the cytochrome P450 (CYP450). That s why the biotransformation an important alternative constitute as models for drug metabolism study. The Pycnoporus sanguineus is a filamentous fungi, basidiomycete of the Polyporaceae family and laccase producer (EC 1.10.3.2), an oxidoreductase enzyme. It was evaluated the influence of flavonoids naringin, naringenin, and quercetin in the growth of P. sanguineus, production of laccase in differents culture media. It was performed various conditions of reaction, such as temperature, agitation and the time of the flavonoids addition. The bioconversion processes were carried out for 24 up to 96 hours and monitored by TLC and HPLC to confirm the existence of potential metabolites. It was used purified laccase of the Pycnoporus sanguineus to evalute the participation of laccase in metabolites of naringin production. Pycnoporus sanguineus developed in differents culture media tested. Naringenin and naringin presented the capability to induce the laccase production by P. sanguineus, whereas quercetin and rutin inhibited the laccase production. The incubation using PDSM did not producted laccase. It was detected several of metabolites, whereas the incubations using quercetin acquired fourteen differents metabolites and the incubations using naringenin producted nine metabolites and naringin producted eight metabolites. In biocatalytic assay under 28ºC and 150rpm using naringin it was not detected the presence of metabolitesItem Produção e caracterização da atividade de tirosinase no extrato bruto de Pycnoporus sanguineus CCT-4518(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-15) DUARTE, Livia Teixeira; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267Tyrosinase (E.C.1.14.18.1) is an enzyme of industrial interest that catalyses the ohydroxylation of monophenols (monophenolase activity) and the oxidation of o-diphenols to reactive o-quinones (diphenolase activity), both reactions using molecular oxygen. Pycnoporus sanguineus (L. ex Fries) Murril, is a white rot fungi capable of producing tyrosinase and widely distributed in nature. It is found in regions of mild climate and in tropical forest. The production and characterization of tyrosinase from P. sanguineus were investigated. The selection of inductors, determination of the luminosity influence, biomass and culture media in the production of tyrosinase and the effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity were determined. The fungus produced intracellular tyrosinase and the higher activity was observed using 0.15% L-tyrosine as inducer, in the presence of light, with inoculum of 10 mycelium discs, medium malt extract broth 2%, incubation at 30°C, and constant agitation of 150 rpm, during 2 days. 6 mmol.L-1 salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and 6 mmol.L-1 phenylthiourea (PTU) inhibited 100% of the tyrosinase activity. 0.1 mmol.L-1 sodium azide inhibited 4.15% of tyrosinase activity, while no inhibition was observed after addition of 0.1 mmol.L-1 of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Using L-dopa as substrate, the intracellular crude extract presented optimum pH of 6,6, optimum temperature of 45°C, low stability at 50°C, maintaining about 50% of the activity after 15 min of incubation. The tyrosinase production was confirmed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using commercial fungal tyrosinase as positive controlItem DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE MÉTODO ANALÍTICO DE CROMATOGRAFIA LIQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA E ENSAIO DE DISSOLUÇÃO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE FITOTERÁPICOS CONTENDO Paullinia cupana Kunth(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-30) SOUSA, Sandra Alves de; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267The Herbal medicines are obtained by using only raw vegetable active. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth.) is used as an invigoranting and challenging due to the presence in the seeds of methylxanthines, especially caffeine and theobromine and theophylline lesser amount, and tannins. The test is an dissolution of the tests used in assessing the quality of these medicines and throught this you can evalueted the release of the active principle from a solid form in an environment that simulates the location of its absorption. This study aimed to evaluete the behavior of dissolution of capsules and tablets containinf guarana. This study investigated initially, spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for quantification of tannins and methylxanthines in pharmaceutical forms and the means of dissolution. The results obtained by spectophotometry showed lack of specificity of this method under our experimental conditions for quantification of methylxanthines. In the analysis of tannins, the procedure is not feasible for an routine laboratory to be long and larorious. The method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography allowed the quantification of the five markers simultaneously, with precision, accuracy, selectivity and robustness. The dissolution test using apparatus as man, 37 ºC ± 0,5 ºC, speed of 75 rpm in 900 mL of 0.1 M HCl medium pH 1,2 provided the best results was validated and used in assessing the behaviour of dissolution of the capsules and tablets based on guarana. It was found that all markers were quantified by the method are dissolved between 75% and 80% in time of 10 minutes. An analysis of the capsules did not break in any of the conditions employed. For the tablet was also observed in non-compliance, non-identification of catechin and epicatechin in the finished product, worrying factor, as the phenolic compounds are markers that should be present in the guarana powder. Considering the increasing use of plants is a clear need for definition of quality standards to ensure its therapeutic action and accordingly the study of dissolution is an essential tool in ensuring the quality of plantsItem Caracterização farmacognóstica e atividade gastroprotetora do extrato aquoso das folhas de Celtis Iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-26) PAULA, Marcio André de; COSTA, Elson Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607893423583912Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent is a small postage plant belonging to the Ulmaceae family, it has very flexible branches, usually in a crossed and overcoated form armed with spines. The leaves are short-petioled, ovals and have sizes that vary from 5-13 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. The tea obtained through it leaves is popularly used for body pain, rheumatism, chest pain, asthma, cramps, poor digestion, and as diuretic. Samples were collected in Campestre-GO, a exsiccates identified and deposited in the Herbarium of UFG under number 40110. It was performed macro and microscopic analysis and part of the botanical material was dried and ground to testing for moisture, total ash and acid insoluble ash, phytochemical screening and obtaining the aqueous extract of leaves of esporão-de-galo (EAEG). The EAEG was obtained by infusion of 3% of the powder of the leaves. Swiss mice (male adult, weighing between 25 to 35 g) were pre-treated orally with EAEG (70, 200 and 600 mg / kg), vehicle (water filtered 10 mL / kg) and ranitidine (50 mg / kg) before induction of gastric lesions by indomethacin (30 mg / kg sc), ethanol 75% (v / v) and by restraint stress and hypothermia. The effects of the extract on the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric secretion were evaluated by the method of pyloric ligation, and the treatments were performed by intraduodenal administration (id). It also assessed the influence of intestinal transit EAEG in animals with previous treatments made orally.. In macroscopic analysis were confirmed common characteristics of the species. In the microscopic analysis it was observed structures, such as: short and long trichomes, unicellular and pluricellular, epidermal cells of various sizes, cells containing druses, prismatic crystals and cystoliths. In phytochemical prospecting was detected the presence of mucilage and secondary metabolites as coumarins and flavonoids. The efficiency of the extraction process was 20%. In models of ulcers induced by different agents: indomethacin, ethanol and stress in doses of 70, 200 and 600 mg/kg, there was reduction in the number of injuries caused by these agents. When the EAEG was administered by intraduodenal route, there was reduction in the volume of total and free acidity of gastric secretion in mice with ligation of pylorus. In assessing the influence of EAEG on intestinal transit was observed increase only with the dose increased to 600 mg/kg. The results suggest that the EAEG contains active ingredients gastro protectors that do not reduce intestinal motility and may justify the popular use of the plant to gastritis and ulcersItem Estudo Farmacognóstico, Investigação das Atividades Antimicrobiana, Leishmanicida e Toxicidade Aguda de Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek RHAMNACEAE (Cafezinho)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-27) OLIVEIRA, Tiago Branquinho; PAULA, José Realino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3191837532986128In the last years the treatment with medicines made from medicinal plants has increased. A concern about the useful of these natural products is the quality control pharmacobotanical, phytochemical and purity tests, which make up the technical specifications of a particular plant species. Moreover, pharmacological and toxicological studies must be conducted in order to effectiveness and safety. This study aimed to carry out the assessment pharmacognostic, acute toxicity and evaluation of antimicrobial and leishmanicidal of the ethanol extract of the leaves, fruit, stem bark and root bark of R. elaeocarpum Reissek. Samples of R. elaeocarpum were collected in the municipality of Campestre-GO, a description of the macroscopic aspects of the leaves, stem bark and root bark was carried to the naked eye by observing the macroscopic general of vegetal drugs; the microscopical analysis was performed by observing the histological stained. The qualitative analysis of the major classes of secondary metabolites present in the sprayed sample. The tests for water content, total ashes and acid insoluble ashes had been carried through according to the brazilian pharmacopoeia IV. The rude ethanol extract was obtained by maceration and the fractions were obtained by partition, liquid-liquid, successive with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution. The procedure was performed according to NCCLS standards 2004 (M7-A7). The evaluation of acute toxicity of ethanol extracts had reference to the Guidelines of 423 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). The leishmanicidal activity was tested for the promastigotes forms of Leishmania (L) chagasi. Most of the morphological and anatomical characteristics observed are consistent with the typical family. In phytochemical screening of leaf, root bark, stem bark and fruit of R. elaeocarpum verified the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids. It was also the presence of heterosides saponins and tannins in leaf, root bark, stem bark and is absent in the fruit. The extracts and fractions that had obtained the lowest value of minimum inhibitory concentration (0,390 mg.mL-1) against microorganisms tested showed moderate inhibitory activity. None of the extracts and fractions showed good inhibitory activity. As is said about the toxicological research, throughout the period of observation of animals during the evaluation of acute toxicity was not death. Through behavioral observations made through the hippocratic screening is assigned a zero score for all evaluated items. The necropsy of the animals did not evidence any macroscopic alterations to justify the histopathology of the organs (kidney, spleen and liver) selected for analysis. This study demonstrated that the use of rude extract and fractions of leaves of R. elaeocarpum induced death of promastigotes forms of L. (L) chagasi in vitro. The presented results open perspectives for the future isolation, purification and identification of bioactive substances of R. elaeocarpumItem Planejamento, síntese e avaliação farmacológica de novos candidatos a protótipos de fármacos anti-inflamatários, desenhados a partir do nerolidilcatecol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-18) MARTINS, Fabiula Ines; SABINO, José Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9101677399031185; MENEGATTI, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8354030864254626Inflammation is a local reaction of tissue involving neurological, vascular, humoral and cellular reactions to eliminate the causal agents and reduce the cellular damages. Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes are examples of chemical inflammation mediators, resulting for the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2). The PLA is a enzyme that hydrolyses membrane phospholipids in the sn-2 position resulting in lisophospholipids and arachidonic acid (AA), taking a key role in the production of lipidic inflammatory mediators. The research and development of new chemical entities security, effective and that presents less side effects to the particular therapeutic target, constituted the principal objective of technological innovation in pharmaceuticals industry. Due the side effects of selective inhibitors of the production of eicosanoids currently presents in the market, control of production of AA by inhibiting PLA2 is a useful treatment for pathological conditions that are caused by mediators of the AA. In this work synthetic routes were studied to obtain new candidates prototypes of anti-inflammatory drugs obtained by rational planning of new piperazines derivatives originally designed from nerolidylcatechol (25) and arilsulfonilpiperazines (26) to presents the inhibitory profile of secreted PLA2 enzyme. The final synthesized compound, N-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-aryl) acetamide (18), E-N-(3,7-dimetylocta-2,6-dienyl) benzo[d] [1,3]dioxol-5-amine (19), (E)-N-(6-dienil,3,7-dimetilocta-2)aminobenzeno (20), (E)-4-(6-dienil,3,7-dimetilocta-2)(aminometil)fenol (21) e (E)-(N)-(6-dienil,3,7-dimetilocta-2)-N-(4-idroxifenil)metanosulfanoamida (22) were submitte to in vitro pharmacological assays to evaluated the enzymatic inhibition of sPLA2 and characterization by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN 1H) and the 13 carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN 13C). Based on the obtained results by pharmacological assays can be concluded that the final synthesized compounds (18, 19, 21, 22) presents good anti-inflammatory profiles. As the synthetic methods employed to obtain the final molecules (18-22) the results showed be viable in its execution enable an obtainment of compounds with appropriate yields and efficiency in the profile of purificationItem Avaliação da atividade citotóxica e indutora de apoptose da grandisina em células leucêmicas K-562 com fenótipo de resistência a fármacos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-03) Menezes, Elizabeth Gomes Paulino; Bozinis, Marize Campos Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; Bozinis, Marize Campos Valadares; Pessoa, Cláudia de Ó; Ribeiro, ElisângelaIn this study the antileukemic potential of grandisin, a neolignan extracted from Piper solmsianum, was investigated against K-562 lymphocytic genealogy, which demonstrates a phenotype of resistance to new drugs. The cytotoxicity of grandisin (0.018 to 2.365 μMol) was evaluated in K-562 and in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by using Blue of Trypan and MTT({[3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium] bromide}) methods. In the cytotoxic activity research about grandisin on K-562 cells and lymphocytes during 24 hours by the Blue of Trypan method, the grandisin got IC50 (inhibitory concentration to fifty percent) of 1.075 and 0.375 μMol to lymphocytes and K-562, respectively. After 48 hours, the cytotoxicity in normal cells remained themselves and we noticed there was an increase in IC50 leukemic cells of 0.198 μMol and 0.200 μMol in K-562 and lymphocytes, respectively. For the MTT test, results were similar to those found during the previous experiment (IC50K-562 11,98 μMol IC50lymphocytes 0,425 μMol for a period of 24 hours and IC50K-562 0,685 IC50lymphocytes 0,851 μMol for a period of 48 hours). The research about cell death mechanisms showed the treatment in K-562 cells joined to 0.036 μMol of grandisin during 24 hours, induces to an increase of cells population in G1 stage of cell cycle and it also induces to a decline of cells population in G2 stage and S, respectively. These factors also indicate that the grandisin was induced to a cell cycle standstill in G1 stage, which is proportionated to the most antileukemic agents existing. Cell death with apoptosis signs was showed by the research about these cells morphology. Moreover, the treatment of leukemic cells with 0.072, 0.036, 0.018 μMol of grandisin during 24 hours has promoted exposure of annexin V, wich is a first indicator of apoptosis. In these cells, the activity research of 3, 6 and 9 caspases and cell death mediators Bcl2 and Bax showed that cell death happens in dependent-caspase way and with balance induction between Bcl2 and Bax. Collectively, these results introduce a new model able to induce apoptosis in a leukemic cell genealogy with important features of resistance to the process of programmed cell death.Item Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica aplicável ao desenvolvimento farmacotécnico de comprimidos de olanzapina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-14) MOURA, Julliana Rodrigues; LIMA, Eliana Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248774319455970Olanzapine is an antipsychotic active ingredient and its marketing in Brazil, in the form of terminated product, is protected by patent up to 2011. As it is recent in the pharmaceutical market and there is not a methodology described in officials forms that is capable of assuring the quality of new formulations, the objective of this paper was to characterize Olanzapine physical-chemical parameters, to develop and validate, in accordance with RE N°899, from May 29 th 2003, the analytical methodology for assay and dissolution and to apply the developed and validated methodologies in the pharmacotechnical development of tablets. It was characterized some physicalchemical parameters of solubility and of light absorption (from 200 to 400nm) in several solvents and it was developed and validated assay and dissolution methodologies by spectrophotometry with ultraviolet detection (UV) and the assay by high efficiency liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the quantification of olanzapine present in film coated tablets of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0mg. The active ingredient presented a low solubility in water and the wave lengths of maximum light absorption were within the range of 254 and 273nm. For the dissolution methodology by UV spectrophotometry, the parameters were chloride acid 0.1 mol/L as the dissolution media, volume of 1,000mL (5 and 10mg of Olanzapine) and 500mL (2.5mg of Olanzapine), apparatus II (paddles) and a rotation of 50 rpm. The spectrophotometric parameters were chloride acid 0.1 mol/L as blank and 259nm of wave length. For the assay methodology by UV spectrophotometry, it was used as a solvent and as a blank solution chloride acid 0.1 mol/L and a wave length of 259nm. It was used a ProStar 210 UV/VIS VARIAN high efficient liquid chromatographer, a C18 (150x4,6)mm 5μm column in room temperature (25ºC), a flux of 0,8mL/min, a wave length of 254nm and a mobile phase constituted of a mixture of monobasic potassium phosphate buffer 0,01 mol/L pH 2,5 and acetonitrile (70:30) for the assay methodology by HPLC-UV. The results found from the parameters of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, quantification and detection limits and stability in the methodologies validations confirm that they were adequate for the purpose proposed. The methodologies developed and validated were applied in Olanzapine determination in several formulation propositions which have been developed and they assisted the pharmacotechnical development team in the definition of the best olanzapine formulation in the 2.5mg strength.