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Item Influência do tipo e do tempo de duração de cura nas propriedades mecânicas de concretos de alto desempenho (CAD) produzidos em períodos quente (t>25°C) e de baixa umidade relativa do ar (h<50%)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-06-07) BESERRA, Simone Ataíde; BACARJI, Edgar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2385473000869120; GEYER, André Bortolacci; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0135796530510700In the case of conventional concrete, small constructive defects, variations of mix proportion or even inadequate curings can not compromise significantly the material. No longer HPC demands a severity in the control since its dosage until the execution, therefore any imperfection can bring serious damages to the material or the structure. Amongst the relative aspects most important to the total quality of any concrete it is the curing, that becomes basic when is about HPC. The curing of the high performance concrete constitutes in a controversial subject in the technician area as well as the type and duration of it, therefore the necessity of a deeper refined study on this subject. This research verifies the influence of the type and time of duration of curing in the mechanical properties of the HPC (compressive strength, flexion tensile strength and module of deformation), produced in Goiânia in hot period (t>25ºC) and of low relative humidity of air (h<50%) situation this considered critical for NBR 14931/2003 and predominant in the months of May the September in this region. In the experimental study were produced HPC of target compressive strength 60, 80 and 100MPa, from the Furnas Mix Proportion Method, using cement CP II-F-32, silica fume, polycarboxylate based superplasticizer, natural sand and crushed stones nº 0 of the granulite. 14 cures of different type and times of duration had been applied: curing with permanence of 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days inside of the humid chamber; curing with aspersion of water during 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days; chemical curing based on paraffin and chemical curing based on chloride rubber; cure for aspersion of water during 7 days and later sealing of the part with membrane of curing based on chloride rubber and air curing. For concretes of target compressive strength to the 28 days of 60 MPa and 80 MPa, the best type of curing was "saw humid" (curing in humid chamber and curing with aspersion of water) and the best time of duration humid was 7 days. For the one of 100 MPa the best type of curing also was "saw humid", however the duration time was 14 days. According to the chemical curing, some times the results had been even though less than to the one of reference (air curing). Among the two types of used chemical curing, difference in the results of compressive strength was not verified, despite the chemical membrane based on paraffin has an inferior cost to the chloride rubber base.Item Punção em lajes cogumelo : estudo da retangularidade dos pilares(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-31) MOURO, Valéria Conceição; GUIMARÃES, Gilson N.; lattes.cnpq.br/0060821461126304; GOMES, Ronaldo Barros; lattes.cnpq.br/6046088082653028Eight reinforced concrete square flat slabs of reinforced concrete were tested. Slabs were 130mm thick with an 1800 mm side and were submitted to central loading, and the objective was to investigate the influence of column rectangularity coefficient. Column cross section dimensions (cmáx/cmín) varyied between 1 and 4, with a constant perimeter equal to 1000mm. Results presented and analysed include ultimate loads and failure types, modes of rupture, vertical displacements, cracking and deformations of steel and concrete. Comparisons with codes, norms and results of literature results are also presented. The results indicate that as the rectangularity coefficient increases, punching shear resistance decreases for constant perimeter column flat slabs. Suggesting that punching shear has to be considered specially in regions close to column extremity, where there is a larger concentration of shear forces. A proposal for an inclusion of the retangularity parameter (cmáx/cmín) in expressions for calculation punching shear resistance of ACI (2002), CEB-FIP (1991), EC2 (2001) and NBR-6118 (2003) codes is presented.Item CONECTOR DE CISALHAMENTO EM PERFIL FORMADO A FRIO: ANÁLISE VIA MODELAGEM COMPUTACIONAL(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-09-14) SILVA, Paulo Henrique Menezes; ARAÚJO, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883In a composite system, a steel beam (laminated, welded or cold formed) is associated with a concrete slab, forming a composite beam. The interaction between concrete and steel can be mechanical, by friction or, in some cases, only by adherence. One of the major advantages of the composite beams is the increase in strength and stiffness due to association of steel and concrete that makes possible the reduction of the height of the structural elements, implicating in material economy. The present research has the purpose to present a general vision of the structural behavior of the composite steel-concrete beams and to proceed to a more detailed study of the behavior of the shear connectors made from cold formed steel. A modeling study of the push-out test is accomplished with the intention to find the factors that influences the resistance and rigidity of the connection. The numerical study consists in the elaboration of a three-dimensional numerical model to simulate the push-out test from which is obtained the force-displacement curve, ultimate load, deformations and tensions along the connector. The numeric results are compared with obtained experimental values of rehearsals accomplished at laboratory for validation of the same ones. For the accomplishment of the numeric modeling the computational program ANSYS® 6.1 was used, which uses non-linear material and geometric Finite Element Method models. The numeric models present as variables of interest the thickness, the height of the shear connectors made of cold formed steel and the resistance of the concrete used in the premolded slab with reinforced concrete lattice joist. Results showed that the thickness of the connector is the most important variable in the connection strength, however the height of the connector also has influence in the resistance and, mainly, in the rigidity of the connection.Item Análise não-linear de lajes de concreto armado pelo método dos elementos finitos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-09-27) BANDEIRA, Mirtes Silva; PRADO, Ademir Aparecido do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4118518363912053In this work was carried simulations in the slabs and compared results with those obtained in the experimental research of Campos (2000) and Pires (2003), held on the slabs reinforced concrete brought to the failure by bending for inquiry of strengthening using uper the surface. For the modeling version 8.1.2 of DIANA was used and the inquiry of the behavior of the slabs was made through nonlinear analysis, adopting for the models elements of shell and solid. The behavior of the slabs was analyzed through the displacements central and approached the influence of the positioning of the reinforcement, the supports and the parameters that define the behavior of the concrete in the softening phase, being distinguished it maximum resistance of the concrete in the tension. The results are indicative of the good performance of the applied numerical models and that, the programs that use the concepts of the Fracture Mechanics in its formularizations, consist in powerful tool to reduce the amount of tests for the study of some specific phenomena, since that if they have resulted trustworthy of the behavior of the employed materials.Item MODELAGEM NUMÉRICA DE VIGAS DE CONCRETO REFORÇADO COM FIBRAS DE AÇO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-09-28) SOUZA, Marcel Bruno Silveira e; ARAÚJO, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883; PRADO, Ademir Aparecido do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4118518363912053Item Otimização de estruturas reticuladas planas com comportamento geometricamente não linear(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-10-20) ASSIS, Lilian Pureza de; ALMEIDA, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1855764480221018The aim of this work is to present a formulation and corresponding computational implementation for sizing optimization of plane frames and cable-stayed columns considering geometric non liner behavior. The structural analysis is based on the finite element method using the updated lagrangian approach for plane frame and cable elements, which are represented by plane truss elements. The non linear system is solved by the Newton-Raphson method coupled to load increment strategies such as the arch length method and the generalized displacement parameter method, which allow the algorithm to transpose any critical point that happen to appear along the equilibrium path. In the optimization process the design variables are the heights of the crosssection of the frame elements, the objective function represents the volume of the structure and the constraints impose limits to displacements and critical load. Lateral constraints impose limits to the design variables. The finite difference method is used in the sensitivity analysis of the displacement and critical load constraints. The optimization process is carried out using three different optimization strategies: the sequential quadratic programming algorithm; the interior points algorithm; and the branch and bound method. Some numerical experiments are carried out so as to test the analysis and the sensitivity strategies. Numerical experiments are presented to show the validity of the implementation presented in this dissertation.Item Uso do modelo qual2e no estudo da qualidade da água e da capacidade de autodepuração do Rio Araguari-AP (Amazônia)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-12-12) BÁRBARA, Viníciu Fagundes; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800The current investigation presents a characterization of the hydraulics and water quality of the medium course of the Araguari River, State of Amapá, Brazil, which has an approximate extension of 120 km. The Araguari River is the main water resource of the State of Amapá, located in the domains of the Amazon (the greatest tropical forest of the planet) in a region with great hydropower potential. In the studied river stretch, there is a hydropower generation station called Coaracy Nunes (UHECN), the first barrage build in the Amazon for electrical generation. A model for DO and BOD has been built with the help of the QUAL2E modeling system, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For this purpose, during one and a half year, field trips have been conducted with the intent of characterizing spacially and seasonally the hydraulics, kinetics and water quality of the Araguari River. The modeling stages involved model construction, sensitivity analisys and calibration. After model calibration, three hypothetic cenarios were simulated: (1) the introduction of a new barrage upstream of the UHECN; (2) municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes into the waterbody, including populational growth, during the high flow period; (3) the same cenario as before but during the low flow period. The carbonaceous organic matter present in water hás shown to decompose, in average, in the first five days of incubation. The values obtained for the BOD first order reaction coefficient layed between 0,13 d-1 and 0,90 d-1. The reaeration coefficient, K2, estimated based on hydraulic characteristics, layed between 0,01 d-1 and 1,40 d-1. The results of the sample collections in the river stretch has shown that, amongst the parameters measured, the following were mostly altered: pH, electric conductivity, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, ammonium, nitrate, BOD and DO. Fecal coliforms, pH, nitrate and BOD were in disagreement with limits defined by Brazilian Legislation on water quality (CONAMA 357/2005). The river impoundment has shown not to significantly alter the DO and BOD concentrations, however, the same statement can not be made for other water characteristics. The water characteristics mostly altered by the UHECN were: hydraulic (flow, velocity, breadth, cross-sectional area) and water quality (pH, electric conductivity, water temperature, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, nitrate, chloride, BOD and DO). The simulated scenario with municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes (including population growth) into the waterbody during low flow period showed the most critical results in terms of the water quality. The worst simulated situation happened in the dry period in which the river flows decreased significantly and so did the river dilution capacity. In this period the greatest OD depletion occurred and achieved concentrations bellow 4.0 mg/L, in disagreement with Brazilian Water Quality Legislation (CONAMA 357/2005).Item INFLUÊNCIA DE ADIÇÕES MINERAIS POZOLÂNICAS E DE FINOS DE PEDREIRA NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E NA MICROESTRUTURA DO CONCRETO AUTO-ADENSÁVEL(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-08-27) ARAÚJO, Janaína das Graças; GEYER, André Bortolacci; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0135796530510700For the benefits of its properties in fresh state, self-compacting concrete (SCC) demands a high powder content in the composition, nearby 450kg/m³. The quarry dust, resultant material of the coarse aggregate production, can b considered as an economic and sustainable alternative for the development of the SCC. As well as the quarry dust, mineral additions, is used in conventional concretes and can also be used in the self-compacting concrete, with the same kind of benefits. Using the mix design for SCC developed by Tutikian (2004) a study for evaluation of the SCC mechanical properties were done, where natural sand had been partially replaced by quarry micaschist, granite and gneiss - and cement for silica fume, metakaolin and calcined clay pozolan. The test methods for fresh state used was Slump-flow (FURNAS, 2005a), U-Box (FURNAS, 2005b), Entrained air (NM 47, 2002) and Specific gravity (9833, 1997). Cylindrical test specimen 100x200 mm had been molded for tests - compressive strength (NBR 5739, 1994), modulus of elasticity (NBR 8522, 1984), splitting tensile strength (NBR 7222, 1994) and flexural strength (NBR 12142, 1991) -the age of 28 days. Samples using the mixture1: 4,5 had been analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that it can be possible the use of different additions for the production of high quality SCC. We detach the small variability of the specific gravity, as well as the entrained air, wide presented low values. For concretes with same compressive strength, the values of modulus of elasticity had varied between 5 and 60% and the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength had been remained between 10 and 15%Item AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE CONCRETOS COM ADIÇÕES MINERAIS QUANTO À CORROSÃO DAS ARMADURAS INDUZIDA POR CLORETOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-08-29) OLIVEIRA, Andrielli Morais de; CASCUDO, Oswaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376The present work aims to study the performance of concrete with regard to the action of chloride ions, evaluating the influence of both mineral additions and water/binder ratio (w/b), considering kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the corrosive phenomenon. A experimental research was carried out considering the following variables: the presence of mineral additions in partial substitution to the cement weight (10% of silica fume; 25% of fly ash; 10%, 20% and 30% of metakaolin) and the water/binder ratio (0,40 and 0,55). Thus, cubic concrete test specimens were produced, in addition to cylindrical test specimens for concrete characterization in relation to the compressive strength, specific mass, void ratio and capillary water absorption. After 645 days of casting, the cubic concrete test specimens were submitted to the chlorides attack during 308 days, totality 44 weekly cycles of immersion in chlorides aggressive solution. They were monitored, throughout this period, by means of techniques, such as: the concrete electric resistivity, the half-cell potential, the polarization resistance and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At the end of the experiment, visual inspections of reinforcing steels allowed to observe their superficial aspects after attack. As general result, it was gotten that the incorporation of mineral additions to the concretes promoted significant profits in all the evaluated properties, evidencing the beneficial effect of these additions in concretes exposed to aggressive conditions, specially in those in which there are chloride ions. In this direction, the statistical analysis has shown evidences that concretes with silica fume and metakaolin achieved the best results of electrical resistivity. In relation to the half-cell potentials, the reference concrete (without mineral additions) presented the worst performance, with an indication of despassivation in the reinforcing steels accentuated fall in the values of resistance of polarization with the time, proving the susceptibility of these systems to the action of chlorides. The concrete with mineral additions did not present depassivation of the reinforcing steels meaning that these systems possess great durability and service life in relation to those without mineral additionsItem Análise da eficiência de métodos de controle de Enchentes na atenuação de picos de cheias utilizando o modelo computacional SWMM Storm Water managemente model(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-08-31) SILVA, Karla Alcione da; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543This research presents an evaluation of the eficiency of four flood control measures applied to an urban basin in the city of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Goiânia shows frequent flooding problems. The following factors have been identified as causes of the floodings: (1) significant number of impervious areas (2) lack of green areas, (3) insuficient capacity of the pipe network to convey the produced water volume. Small detention basins, infiltration trenches and the increase of permeable areas (30-50%) within parcels have been evaluated as flood control measures as well as the use of the Lago do Bosque dos Buritis as a detention basin. For this purpose, the Stormwater Management Model SWMM has been applied for evaluating 11 hypothetic management measures in the water basin. The later control measures were evaluated individually as combined. In determining the impervious area index of the studied area, field visits have been carried out, which showed high imperviousness. (86.16%). A synthetic rainfall time series, derived from the equation proposed by Costa e Brito (1999) with recurrence of 2 years, has been used in the simulations. Horton`s equation was applied to represent infiltration with parameters presented in Moura (2005). The scenario which combines the use of infiltration trenches and the increase of pervious areas to 50% has shown to be the best solution in reducing peak flow with 43% eficiency. On the other hand, the scenario using detention basins presented the smallest efficiency (3%).Item Estrutura mista madeira-chapa dobrada submetida à flexão simples(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-09-28) MONTEIRO, Vilma França; GOMES, Orlando Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244852416821211; BACARJI, Edgar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2385473000869120This work deals with theoretical and experimental study of timber beams and timber/cold formed steel plates composed beams, submitted to the bending. A combination of different materials aims to the exploitation the advantages of each material, of manner to have a viable set, in constructive terms, structural and economic. For the accomplish of the research, three beams wooden with dimensions 40mm x 120mm x 1050mm, six hardened beams wooden in the superior face with metallic profile in the dimensions 50mm x 25mm x 2mm and six beams of wooden stiffeners in faces inferior and superior with the same profile metallic had been assayed. The spacing between the connectors had been of 100mm, 200mm and 300mm. With the objective to supply given necessary the sizing, a theoretical formularization for the determination of the internal moment and for the estimative of the deflection was presented. For this, the mechanical properties of the wood, the steel and the connectors had been determined. With the results of the assays of characterization of the materials, the simple and mixing beams had been assayed to the bending, for reading of the deformations and maximum vertical displacements of the landslide in the extremities inferior and superior. Such values had been gotten by means of electric strain gauges and comparing clocks. They had been determined still: the tensions in the elements of the beams and the curves load versus displacement. It was observed that, in relation to the wooden simple beam, it had average increase at the ultimate load, for the beams with parts hardened in the compressed face, of 20%, and of 49 when placed stiffeners in the faces compressed and tensioned. In the value of the deflections it had average reduction of 15% when used stiffener in the superior face and of 49% in the parts with stiffeners in the faces was used compressed and tension. The biggest reduction in the deflections happened in the parts with lesser spacing between connectors, indicating that the influence of the interaction is bigger in relation to the displacements that in relation to the bending moment. In stress distribution diagram in the transversal sections it was adopted, in all the cases, the triangular form for the wood and for the profile it was adopted a rectangular form. It was obtained results that differ from the experimental values in 17% for the simple beams, in 16% for the parts hardened with profile in superior face and 21% for the parts hardened with profile in the faces upper/lower indicating that the formularization proposal can be applied with safety. In the calculation of the deflections the geometric properties of the mixing section, in elastic regimen, had been gotten with the homogenized section. An equation for the determination ofthe factor of correction of the estimated deflection, for the studied cases is presented.Item Critérios normativos sobre influência da relação Aw/Af e esbeltez de alma no cálculo da resitência à flexão de vigas esbeltas em elementos de estruturas de aço.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-01) FERNANDES, Rodrigo; BACARJI, Edgar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2385473000869120; GOMES, Orlando Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244852416821211This work contains a theoretical analysis of the behavior of plate girders. A plate girder has been calculated based on the criteria of the American standard Manual of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC, 1994), and checked by the Brazilian standard NBR 8800: Projeto e execução de estruturas de aço de edifícios (método dos estados limites) (ABNT, 1986), the revision project of the Brazilian standard Projeto de Revisão da NBR 8800: Projeto e execução de estruturas de aço e de estruturas mistas aço-concreto de edifícios (ABNT, 2003), the revision project of the Brazilian standard Projeto de Revisão da NBR 8800: Projeto de estruturas de aço e de estruturas mistas de aço e concreto de edifícios (ABNT, 2007) and the European standard Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings (CEN, 1992). PFEIL (1989) has calculated a plate girder by using the Brazilian standard NBR 8800/86. The calculated dimension have been checked by the mentioned standards. NARAYANAN (1992 apud OWENS, KNOWLES E DOWLING, 1992) has dimensioned a plate girder by using the British standard BS 5950: Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 1: Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot rolled sections (BSI, 1990), which has also been checked by the mentioned standards. Furthermore, theoretical analyses related to the calculus of plate girders presented by many authors have been considered. The main goal is to assess the criteria utilized by the standards for the calculus of plate girders. From the obtained results, for the checked girders, by the standards and related theories, a comparative analysis among the utilized criteria by the standards has been made. The reached conclusion is that the Brazilian standard and its revision projects has identical criteria compared to the American standard for the calculus of plate girders. The European standard presents slightly different criteria compared to the American standard; however, both provide close results one compared to another. The theories utilized have also provided close results from those obtained by the standards.Item Influência do agregado graúdo reciclado de resíduos da construção predial nas propriedades do concreto fresco e endurecido(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-04) NUNES, Wesley Carlos; FIGUEIREDO, Enio José Pazini; lattes.cnpq.br/4075543806767323Recycling waste materials is an efficient way to hinder environmental, social and economic impacts of the civil construction industry. This dissertation aimed at verifying the behavior of different concretes made of coarse recycled aggregate (AGR), mineral fractions collected from the waste (RCD) of a high- rise apartment building (multiple floor building). The RCD has been selectively collected at the building construction site and processed by a jaw crusher. The study focused on the effects of gradual replacements of coarse natural aggregate (AGN) by AGR where the fundamental properties of the fresh and hardened concretes are concerned. The experiment involved the production of three dry aggregate/ceme nt ratios: (3,5 / 1), (5 / 1) and (6,5 / 1) for each concrete family (zero%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement contents of AGN by AGR), and thus 15 different concrete mix proportions were manufactured. Workability, entrapped air, and density were the variables analyzed in the fresh concretes. Furthermore, water absorption, density, total pores volume, compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, and initial-tangent modulus were the properties studied in hardened concretes. The strengths of concretes with AGR contents are lower than those of corresponding reference concretes (zero% of replacement content of AGN by AGR). However, reductions in the cement content in mixtures of the concretes produced with AGR showed compressive and splitting-tensile strengths values nearer to those of the reference concrete family. The experiment allows for the conclusion that concretes produced from AGR of RCD can be used for several purposes in civil construction, if the management of concrete mix proportions and the control of quality are performed under the liability of capable and qualified professionals.Item CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DA DURABILIDADE DE CONCRETOS COM ESCÓRIA DE ACIARIA ELÉTRICA (EAF) COMO AGREGADO GRAÚDO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-17) FARIA, Ricardo Andrade Fernandes; TUBINO, Rejane Maria Candiota; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5775852172717383The increasing demand for aggregate for uses in engineering stimulated the search for alternative materials. In this way, the civil construction potentially started to be a great consumer of residues from other industries, becoming a great recycle plant. The use of by-product, brings great environmental benefits in relation to the degradation of the environment, as for example, less settlement of residues in earth fill, the reduction of extraction of natural resources, and the exploration of aggregate ores. Steel plants from around the world have a commom problem, that is what to do with all the steel slags generated as a by-product from the steel refining in electric steel plants or oxygen steel plants. There are two points of these process where slags can be generated: the first comes from the electric or oxygen furnace itself (called oxidizing refining) and the second is the laddle metallurgy slag (reduction refining slag), which is the last stage of the steel production. This aims to demonstrate related studies to the use of steel slags (EAF slags) in electric steel plants as coarse aggregate. Expansibility of the steel slag tests had been carried through, compressive strength, tensile strength for diametrical compression, related modulus of deformation and durability tests, such as: intensity of corrosion, potential of corrosion, ohmic resistivity and depth of carbonation. After this, it was observed the similarity of the results between the concrete made with steel slag and the concrete made with conventional aggregates, natural aggregate known as mica schist. It was observed improvements in the properties of the concrete with steel slag, such as: increase in its strength (compressive / tensile) and increase of the modulus of deformation. Concerning the durability, it was noted, in a general way, that the substitution of the aggregates, conventional for siderurgical, has not influenced in the performance of the concrete.Item Influência da areia artificial oriunda da britagem de rocha granito-gnaisse nas propriedades do concreto convencional no estado fresco e endurecido(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-10-31) CABRAL, Keillon Oliveira; FIGUEIREDO, Enio José Pazini; lattes.cnpq.br/4075543806767323The dissertation is aimed at the study being presented theoretical and experimental verification of the performance of artificial sand come from crushing the rock of granite-gneiss in relation to natural sand. Currently, the sand has artificially low commercial value of the market and is considered a "some kind of piece of marginal material ", whose purpose is not defined and remained stored in the courtyards of the quarries, forming huge piles that cause various environmental impacts. In addition to this, the traditionalism and the lack of information has led to an unwarranted mystification of this material. The methodology used for the tests of the research was based on standardized tests, which attempt to meet the objectives of the dissertation, in addition to enhancing the development of techniques to search for alternative aggregates. This has examined the influence of artificial sand in place of natural sand, with different proportions, and focuses on quality of the concrete in plastic and hardened its phases, taking into account the mechanical, elastic, physicalchemical, environmental and economic. The work was to characterize the material that composed the concrete studied. After this phase, were up corpses-of-proof concrete, using 15 (fifteen) different traits, so that the natural sand was gradually replaced by artificial sand, in proportions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. For each trait was quantified its rebate, density, air incorporation, resistance to axial compression, traction, deformation module, absorption by immersion, alkali-aggregate reaction and an economic evaluation. It is considered that the main objective of this research has been fully achieved, because it was proven the theoretical feasibility of replacing part or even all, of natural sand by artificial sand in conventionalItem Adição de resíduo de argamassas mistas na produção de tijolos modulares de solo-cimento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008) Rodrigues, Mayza Loureiro Araújo; Ferreira, Regis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206688887219284; Bacarji, Edgar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206688887219284xxxxxxxItem QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS CINÉTICOS DE NITROGÊNIO E OXIGÊNIO EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA. ESTUDO DE CASO: RIO MEIA PONTE, GOIÁS.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-16) BRANDELERO, Suzi Mari; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800Mathematical models are gaining ever greater importance in the evaluation and comparison of management alternatives for natural water bodies. One of the difficulties in the use of water quality models for nitrogen and oxygen is the absence of kinetic parameter data about reactions in biochemical processes. The data in the current literature refer to foreign bodies of water, mainly in countries with a temperate climate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the processes of nitrogen and oxygen transformation in water. The Meia Ponte River, one of the principal rivers of Goiás, was the object of the study. The water samples were collected in an urban area of the municipality of Goiânia, Bairro Novo Goiânia 2, which presents apparent man-made interference with the natural environment. The study involved field work and laboratory experiments, as well as the analysis of historical flow data from the Goiânia River Flow Measurement Station. The reaeration coefficients (Ka) in dry and rainy periods, which ranged from 1.17 to 2.34 d-1 and from 0.63 to 2.01 d-1, respectively, were estimated on the basis of historical flow data from 1975 to 2005. The flow reading obtained at the River Flow Measurement Station cited above varied from 13.38 to 48.65 m3.s-1 in the rainy season and from 2.89 to 10,63 m3.s-1 in the dry season, an approximately sixteenfold variation. Samples were collected and taken to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the characterization parameters which deviated from the norms established by CONAMA resolution n° 357 - 2005 were (ranges of variation): (1) OD 0.74 to 5.04 mg.L-1; it was (2) true color 58.00 to 203 mg Pt.L-1; (3) total ammoniacal nitrogen from 0.56 to 3.27 L-1. Kinetic tests in turbulent conditions were carried out using modified Jar Test equipment. The reaeration coefficient (Ka20) was determined experimentally. The Ka20 varied between 3.60 and 11.51 d-1 with minimum-to-maximum rotation tests. The minimum rotation of the equipment was used for the nitrogen experiments to most closely approximate river conditions. Water samples were collected at regular intervals for nitrogen analysis. The ammonification and nitrification processes were monitored. A study of deoxygenation, DBO, was also carried out, and it varied from 4.11 to 21.24 mg.L-1. During the process of biological oxidation, the ranges of coefficient variation were: (1) deoxygenation (Kd20) 0.12 to 1.05 d-1; (2) ammonification (KNH4+20) and the coefficient of the disappearance of total ammoniacal nitrogen (KNH4 20) 0.01 to 0.12 d-1; (3) nitritation (KNO2+20) 0.15 to 0.76 d-1; (4) nitrite disappearance coefficient (KNO2 20)0.19 to 3.36 d-1; and (5) nitration (KNO3+20) 0.08 to 0.17 d-1. Under the same conditions as for nitrogen, nitrifying bacteria were monitored. The Nitrosomonas varied between 11 and ≥2400 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrite, which varied from 0.04 to 5.60 mg.L-1. The Nitrobacter varied from 4 to 1386 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrate, which varied from 0.82 to 3.99 mg.L-1. The biochemical kinetic coefficients that were obtained were corrected for the standard temperature of 20°C. An increase in organic matter was observed in the dry period, reflecting an increase in the concentration of most of the parameters measured. There was a positive correlation between the nitritation coefficients and flow, although the quantity of Nitrosomonas was greater during the dry period. The results obtained for reaeration, ammonification, and nitrification may be useful in the modeling of bodies of water under experimental conditions similar to those of the present study.Item Aproveitamento de resíduos da extração de micaxisto em pavimentos flexíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-24) ARAUJO, Weliton Eduardo Lima de; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794The recycling of materials has been strengthened as an efficient mechanism to minimise the problems caused by improper disposal of solid waste from human activities. Accordingly, the search for mechanisms able to absorb the waste from quarry, coming from the production of aggregates for construction, it becomes an important tool for mitigating externalities generated by the accumulation of such material. So the main objective of this research was to study the use of waste material from quarry as the basic constituent of layers and sub-base of flexible pavements. The residue studied comes from the processing of micaxist, and then called the dust of micaxist, coming from the quarry of the Department of Roads Rodagem the city of Goiania (DERMU-COMPAV). To assess the mechanical behavior, laboratory tests have been conducted (specific weight, Limits of consistency, size, compression, expansion and California Bearing Ratio) for samples: 1 (100% of micaxist powder), 2 (20% of powder micaxist and 80% soil), 3 (30% of powder micaxist and 70% only), 4 (soil), 5 (gravel) and 6 (30% crushed 1 and 70% soil). To assess the performance on the field of materials studied, was built in August and September 2007, a trial with a sentence of 300 meters, located at Amélia Rosa street, the site of Ipês, in Goiânia-Goiás, being divided into three sub-sections (soil + micaxisto of dust, soil + 1 and crushed gravel). The behaviour of these sub-sections were examined by means of testing the vial of sand, Speedy, proof of cargo on board, and dynamic cone penetromet, made during the execution of the sentence trial. With the data collected can be verified that the materials studied, with the exception of Sample 1, have shown properties physical and mechanical satisfactory, reflecting in a good technical performance in the laboratory and in field. The gravel had better results both in the laboratory to the field, proving the efficiency of such material has traditionally used in flooring. In general, concluded that for the dust of micaxist, the best performance was obtained for dosing 20% (Sample 2), comparable to traditional materials, thus demonstrating the possibility of using such waste in layers of sub-base and base of flexible pavements.Item Segurança de barragens: aspectos regulatórios(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-30) FRANCO, Carlos Sérgio Souza Pinto de Almeida; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543In this paper are presented socio-environmental considerations about the dams safety being promoting the linking of the trilogy water, living beings and anthrop actions, as well as the evolution of the legal aspects. A study about the resources is done to establish a policy of efficient action which guarantees few risks of accidents involving dams and as they are inserted in the context of the global safety of the population. In general terms the investigation promotes an evaluation about the factors that contribute to the dams safety taking into consideration legal aspects of the administration of the water resources aiming to minimize the contentions in the treatment of the subject. In a more specific way, it proposes the creation of a law to be applied by the authorities of the State of Goiás. It is an exploratory research which took place from August 2006 to March 2008 that had bibliographies references, professionals considered experts talking about dams safety and, also, public agencies such as: MI, SEMARH and civil defense among others. It includes a proposition for the establishment of emergency action planning based on technical considerations about risk evaluation. and it presents the cases of the accidents in the dam of Flores de Goiás happened on 2004 and 2007. In Central Brazil regions more specifically in the State of Goiás was verified that the studies concerning to thewater resources are incipient. The public bodies presented divergences in the information on the quantitative of dams. Public agencies like Defesa Civil, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos and Agência Ambiental did not show evidences joint action for the planning, fiscalization and critical analysis of the decisive factors to the global safety of the society. Works in the physical dimensions are being accomplished in the Dam of Flores de Goiás to correct the mistakes of the hydrologic project. A debate about dam is a debate about development. To solve or to minimize conflicts concerning to the theme is necessary to have a broad consensus about the rules that govern the development choices and the criteria that should define the negotiations and the decision making. In this context the work of environmental education should be considered as instrument to promote changes of paradigms and management.Item Remoção do corante FD&C azul nº 2 Indigotina em água com uso de fungos de decomposição branca e processo de filtração lenta: avaliação em escala piloto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-04) LOPES, Maria Margareth Gonçalves; CAMPOS, Luiza Cintra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977306124746850; STEFANI, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905Industrial activities are constantly producing wastes such as dyes which are usually found in the industrial effluents and constitutes a environmental problem due its toxicity and inadequate disposal. The use of fungi, in particular the white-rot fungus, have been found to be efficient for biodegrading these compounds. In addition, slow sand filtration have been reported to be the most efficient unit filtration processes to improve the physical, biological and chemical quality of potable water. The objective of this work was to investigate the removal efficiency of the dye FD&C azul Nº 2 Indigotina, by the use of the Trametes versicolor fungus combined with slow sand filtration. Two laboratory-scale filter columns of 0.08 m diameter and 0.90 m sand media depth were used to investigate the process performance. One slow sand filter, FLA, was applied in combination with the Trametes versicolor fungus, while the FLB was used as control. Three methodologies for the fungi growth were used. The results showed that the slow sand filtration is a prominent process for the removal of the dye FD&C azul nº 2 Indigotina when used in combination with the Trametes versicolor fungus. A maximum removal of 95% was found when the filter was inoculated with fungi grown on Petri dish. The average dye removal when the increased fungi biomass was inoculated to the filter was 70%. This result suggests that the filter performance increased when the fungus was inoculated with fungi grown on Petri dish. In addition, head loss was found to be higher in the FLA filter than in the FLA (control), indicating that the fungi biomass contributes to the head loss development.