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Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-22) Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc Pereira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.
Análise in silico do papel do receptor imune TREM-1 na infecção pelos Norovírus murino e humano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-22) Colmenares, Mike Telemaco Contreras; Sales, Marcelle Figueira Marques da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477630359032513; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1386621024118393; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Dias, Fátima de Rivero; Silva, Marcos Vinicius da
In humans, Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causes of acute diarrheal disease (ADD). Due to the limitations of NoV cultivation, some molecular aspects of its interaction with the host's immune system remain unknown. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is associated with the amplification of inflammatory responses and the progression of infections, including viral infections. Thus, we believe that TREM-1 may be involved in the NoV infection. Initially, we investigated the expression of Trem1 and the genes involved in its pathway, in transcriptomic data bank of public domain. In experimental infection with murine Norovirus (MNoV), the expression of Trem1 was increased. We also observed that there is a co-expression of Trem1 and genes involved in the pyroptosis pathway, when compared to those in the apoptosis pathway. The in silico protein-protein interactions were assessed by molecular docking simulations between the Ig-like domain of murine TREM-1 and the P domain of the MNoV VP1 protein. The murine TREM-1 recognized the conserved C´-D´ antigen that is present in the murine VP1. In this regard, and based on phylogenetic criteria, different structures of the VP1 protein of NoV GII.4 strains from different years (1987, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2019) were modeled. We performed docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the in silico interaction between the VP1 protein of NoV GII.4 and the Iglike domain of human TREM-1. The DM simulations suggest that there is a basic interaction between human TREM-1 and the NoV VP1 protein, regardless of the year of isolation. Interestingly, we observed changes in the participation of the different complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of TREM-1 when interacting with the domains of the VP1 protein, highlighting the participation of CDR3. Our data strongly suggests the involvement of TREM-1 in the recognition of NoV and its participation in the physiopathology of ADD caused by NoV.
Abordagem computacional para a descoberta de novos inibidores de prolil oligopeptidase 80 de Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-05-31) Costa, Vinícius Alexandre Fiaia; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Neves, Bruno Junior; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Charneau, Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
Chagas disease is a serious infectious disease caused by the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, the benznidazole is the only drug available for treating the disease. However, due to the emergence of benznidazole-resistant parasites, low efficacy in the chronic phase and considerable number of adverse effects, the discovery of new drugs more effective, safer and with innovative mechanism of action is imperative. In this context, the general objective of this work was to identify inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl oligopeptidase 80 (POPTc80), a validated target for Trypanosoma cruzi, using computational methods based on the structure of the target (SBDD) and ligand (LBDD). Initially, the three-dimensional structure of POPTc80 was predicted using three different approaches. After structural refinement and validation, the best 3D structure, obtained from the AlphaFold server, was submitted to structural analysis. In this step, three representative conformations of POPTc80 generated on the DynOmics server were selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These structures were then used as structural bases for the construction and validation of molecular docking protocols in the Glide program. Molecular anchoring demonstrated that the conformation 3 results showed the highest rate of enrichment during screening of a set of active compounds and decoys. Then, the docking poses for POPTc80 inhibitors described in the literature were considered queries for generating and validating shape-based models in the vROCS program. As a result, a 3D structure of the POPTc80 was possible, a validated docking protocol was developed and a specific shape-based model for POPTc80 was also developed. At the end of this process, the best molecular docking protocols and the best shape-based model were used as computational filters for the virtual screening of the ChemBridge library, which made it possible to obtain a set of putative hits that will be experimentally validated in the POPTc80 enzyme in collaboration.
Prevalência das infecções por Papilomavírus humano e soropositividade de Chlamydia trachomatis em mulheres portadoras de neoplasias cervicais na região central do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-24) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos , Silvia Helena Rabelo do; Alves, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo; Alves, Maria de Fátima Costa
High-risk papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. However, the presence of singly HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient for cervical carcinogenesis, and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) may increase the risk of cervical neoplasia. The significance of the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections in the development of cervical neoplasias has been investigated and the more consistent data have pointed to an association with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). However, the exact relationship between C. trachomatis and HPV infection remains not completely understood. It is possible that C. trachomatis infection may be an independent factor or cofactor for HPV in the development of cervical neoplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis in HPV-positive women correlating with the severity of cervical neoplasia in central area of Brazil. Methodology: A total of 131 women referred to colposcopic clinic, in Goiás, Brazil because of an abnormal cervical smear were included in the study. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction using PGMY09/PGMY11 primers, and genotyping was performed by reverse dot blot hybridization. Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was evaluated using ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies. Results: The total prevalence of HPV infection was 86.3% (113/131). Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was 26% (34/131). Thirty one women (27.4%; 31/113) tested simultaneously positive for C. trachomatis and HPV. Of these, 12.9% (4/31) tested negative at histology, while 87.1% (27/31) tested positive for CIN and invasive carcinomas. The most prevalent HPV type in the C. trachomatis seropositive women was HPV 16 (51.6%; 16/31) and in these women, this type was present in 50% (2/4) of cases negative, 33.3% (3/9) of cases CIN1, 53.3% (8/15) of cases CIN2/CIN3 and 100% (3/3) of cases invasive carcinoma. Taking as reference cases negative for HPV/ C. trachomatis, the positivity for HPV/ C. trachomatis was significantly associated with CIN 2 or worse diagnostic, especially the types 16 and 18. A borderline significance was observed when the reference was HPV positive and C. trachomatis negative cases. There was a borderline significance between other types of HPV and positivity for C. trachomatis with neoplastic diagnosis considering as reference HPV/ C. trachomatis negative cases. Conclusions: C. trachomatis seropositivity was associated with severity of cervical neoplasia in women HPV positives. Then, it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of C. trachomatis which may have synergistic pathological effects.
Associação entre tipos específicos de HPV e carga viral com a gravidade da neoplasia cervical
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-20) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos, Silvia Helena rabelo dos; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa; Val, Isabel Cristina Chulvis do; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a rare consequence and developed long term from a infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are factors related to the acquisition of infection and its persistence that increase the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. The type-specific viral infection and higher viral loads values appear to be related to persistence of virus and progression of neoplasia and therefore with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Objectives: To identify the specific types of HPV in different age groups as well as the importance of viral load of HPV 16 with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, included women referred to the Hospitals Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia and Hospital Mother and Child, by presenting changes in routine cytological examination. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization assay. A total of 331 women with cytological diagnosis were selected, 238 of them with histological diagnosis. After PCR for HPV, 58 women were excluded for being HPV negative. In the 273 HPV-positive women an analysis of the association between HPV types and risk of severity of cytological diagnosis by age group was carried out in the following categorization: <30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years. To evaluate the association between viral load values with severity of cytological and histological diagnosis, 77 women HPV 16 positive by PCR in real time were selected. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 82.5%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type representing 44.7% of cases. Infections by HPV 16 and / or 18 were significantly associated with both the cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR: 2.12 95% CI 0.98 to 4.59) and either with the histological diagnosis of CIN 2 or more severe (OR: 3.21 95% CI 1.21 to 8.59) lesions in women younger than 30 years. The cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR 4.59, 95% CI: 1.4 to 15.49, p = 0.004) and histological diagnosis of high-grade neoplasia (≥ CIN 2) (OR 6.51; 95% CI: 2.9 to 20.92, p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with higher viral load values in women infected with HPV 16. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that infection with HPV 16 and / or 18 in young women can quickly lead to the formation of more severe lesions and high viral loads resulting from infection by HPV 16 are associated with the severity of cervical neoplasia.
Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c em indivíduos portadores de doenças oncohematológicas em Goiânia-GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-29) Marinho, Tássia Augusto; Arantes, Adriano de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2074071976957154; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Bringel, Regina Maria; Ferreira, Renata Carneiro
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 350 million people die each year from liver complications related to infection. HCV, as well as hepatotropic can infect and replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells can induce a weak disorder oncohematológica. As the etiology of most diseases oncohematológicas is still unknown, some authors have suggested the role of this virus in the genesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to investigate the profile seroepidemiological study of hepatitis C infection in patients with disorder oncohematologicas attended at two hospitals in reference to the treatment of these diseases (Hospital Araújo Jorge e Hospital das Clínicas) in Goiânia, Goiás. A total de 350 individuals were recruited in hospitals, from june/2011 to february/2012 (Hospital Araújo Jorge) and June/August/2012 (Hospital das Clínicas) were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The HCV infection prevalence was 0.86% (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.7) in patients with diseases oncohematológicas. The viral RNA was detected in 0.57% (2/3) of anti-HCV positive samples, and the genotype/subtype 1b, were identified in the study population. Risk characteristics, reported by individuals anti-HCV positive, use non-injecting drug use, blood transfusion before 1994, tattooing, surgery and multiple sexual partners. This research showed low prevalence of hepatitis C in the population studied. However, epidemiological investigations are relevant for analyze the effectiveness of intervention measures for control and prevention of this infection.
Avaliação da resposta imune após vacinação para covid-19
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-28) Masson, Letícia Carrijo; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de
Immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination should be evaluated in different populations around the world. This study compared antibody responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, CoronaVac, and BNT162b2 vaccines. Blood samples from vaccinees were collected pre- and post-vaccinations with the second and third doses. The study enrolled 78 vaccinees, of whom 62.8% were women, with the following median ages: 26 years—ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; 40 years—CoronaVac; 30 years—BNT162b2. Serum samples were quantified for anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgG and anti-RBD IgA and anti-spike IgG by ELISA. After two vaccine doses, BNT162b2 vaccinees produced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccinees. The third dose booster with BNT162b2 induced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG in CoronaVac vaccinees. Individuals who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during the study had higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG production. In conclusion, two doses of the studied vaccines induced detectable levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG in vaccinees. The heterologous booster with BNT162b2 increased anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees and anti-RBD IgA levels in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees. Novembro
Prevalência e fatores associados aos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-03) Pedroso, Charlise Fortunato; Guimarães , Rafael Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7847112412490217; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Afonso, Eliane Terezinha; Vieira, Maria Aparecida da Silva; Cavalcante , Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer; Vieira, Nayara Figueiredo
Title: Prevalence and factors associated with disease risk behaviors non-communicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil Introduction: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excess weight are highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and can contribute to the development of NCDs and premature mortality in the adult. Objective: Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk behaviors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, baseline study population, which used as a data source the National Health Survey conducted in 2019. The population analyzed were teenagers and young people aged 15 to 24. The data were collected through individual interviews during home visits, through a standardized form. The dependent variables included the main risk factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). The demographic variables and socioeconomic variables were used as independent. Multiple regression models Poisson were applied to investigate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The PNS 2019 was approved by the National Ethics Commission in Research (opinion: 3,529,376). Results: 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women). Regardless of gender, the most common risk factors prevalent were the nonrecommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (92.6%) and physical inactivity during leisure time (43.3%). The prevalence of tobacco smokers, consumption of alcoholic drinks once or more a month and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, 18.5%, respectively. The prevalence of regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was 17.2%. The prevalence of excess weight was 32.5%. Compared to women, men had a higher prevalence of smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages once or more a month, abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables and consumption of ultra-processed. On the other hand, women had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time and being overweight. Young adults, males and individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and Residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. risk. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of risk factors in adolescents and young Brazilian adults, mainly among young men and women individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and residents of urban areas. These results indicate the need for policies to reduction in the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Relevance and impact: This is the first comprehensive study that estimated the prevalence and factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescents and adults young people, including the non-student population. The results of the study can support specific actions for this population within the Strategic Action Plan for the Coping with Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil 2021-2030 of the Ministry of Health, including intensification of health promotion actions and disease prevention in subpopulations with a higher prevalence of risk factors.
Avaliação da resposta imune celular a antígenos recombinantes do Mycobacterium leprae e potencial aplicação para o diagnóstico da hanseníase paucibacilar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-30) Sampaio, Lucas Henrique Ferreira; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; Grossi, Maria Aparecida Faria; Moraes, Mílton Osório; Kipinis, Ana Paula Junqueira; Araújo Filho, João Alves de
Title: The evaluation of cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae recombinant antigens and potential application for the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy. Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease that is characterized by a spectrum of dermato-neurological manifestations associated with different patterns of immune responses. At one end of the spectrum paucibacillary patients (PB) which include tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients mount a strong cellular immune response. On the extreme multibacillary (MB) patients including borderline-borderline (BB), borderline-lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) forms, respond to infection with vigorous antibody production. The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical manifestations hampering the early diagnosis before the onset of sequelae. The development laboratory tests applicable for early leprosy diagnosis is considered essential to reduce possible sources of transmission and the number of patients with physical disabilities. Methods: This work investigated the immune reactivity of a panel of 41 M. leprae (ML) recombinant proteins. The immune reactivity to ML proteins was evaluated by the production of IFNy, measured by ELISA, in the supernatants of 24 hours cultures of heparinized whole blood (whole blood assays/WBA) stimulated with ML antigen (10ug/ml). Study groups were leprosy patients both PB (TT / BT) and MB (BL / LL), newly diagnosed, untreated, classified according to Ridley and Jopling criteria. Household contacts of MB patients (HHC), HIV-1 negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and healthy individuals from the same endemic area (EC) were also investigated. In silico predictions were used to investigate the level of identity of the ML proteins with counterparts in other mycobacteria and to assesse the presence of potential T cell epitopes. For a selected group of immunogenic and specific ML antigens, the profile of 14 cytokines/chemokines induced in WBA was also investigated by Multiplex plataform. Results and Conclusions: The WBA results identified 11 out of 41 M. leprae recombinant proteins (ML0405, ML2055, ML2331, ML0840, ML1623, ML1556, MLI632, ML1685, ML0276, ML2044, 46f) that were classified as immunogenic and capable of inducing specific cellular immune response. These ML antigens were considered to have potential application for the development of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PB leprosy. The same pattern of immunoreactivity identified among PB leprosy patients was observed among HHC, while MB leprosy, TB patients and healthy individuals did not respond to these antigens. In silico predictions of immunogenicity and specificity were not confirmed by ex vivo WBA results. The multiplex cytokine study with a selected group of ML antigens showed that besides IFNy, patients with PB leprosy produce other cytokines characteristic of Th1 cells (IL-2 and IL-12). Nevertheless these results that IFNy remained the best immunological marker of cellular immune response of PB patients to recombinant M. leprae proteins. MB leprosy patients secrete mainly Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in response to recombinant ML proteins. None of the 14 cytokines/chemokines analyzed in the multiplex was able to distinguish the cellular immune responses of PB patients from the majority of HHC. Although the majority of HHC response identically to PB, we observed that some individuals at greater risk of leprosy infection can mount a Th2 response, similar to MB patients.
Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS-CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-25) Santos, Mateus Silva; Souza, Ueric José Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340952274603852; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima dias e; Oliveira, Lucas Nojosa; D’Alessandro, Walmirton Bezerra
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with COVID-19 is one of the greatest global public health challenges, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in different age groups, with some population segments being more affected. The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Omicron, is a reflection of selective advantage, translated as greater transmissibility and the ability to replicate in people previously exposed to the virus. In Brazil, the variant was very prominent, even when the numbers of immunized individuals were already high. Therefore, this research aims to promote an epidemiological and molecular study on the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Tocantins. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted using SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Tocantins (LACEN-TO). The samples were sequenced and taken to experiments in order to verify the quality of the sequencing, detect possible mutations and identify the main variants of concern. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to observe the degree of dispersion of the most predominant variant in the state of Tocantins. Results: In the present study, 556 samples positive for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 were used. Among the results, it was observed that the state of Tocantins presented, during the study period, about 39 lineages of the Omicron variant, some of which were associated with a higher transmissibility rate. The biggest highlight was the XBB.1.18.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, being one of the main circulating in Tocantins in 2023. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the state may have contributed to the dispersion of the subvariants not only in Brazil but also in the world. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of the Omicron variant in Tocantins between December 2021 and June 2023, in addition to showing that the state may have contributed to the spread of the XBB.1.18.1 subvariant in Brazil. Relevance and impact: It is worth noting that due to the high frequency of mutations of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance is necessary to identify possible new entries of the virus not only in the northern Brazilian state but also throughout the country.
Desigualdades na epidemiologia do câncer colorretal no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-07) Schaedler, Anelise Camila; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Oliveira, Max Moura de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Iser, Betine Pinto Mochlecke
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers worldwide, affecting over 1,931,590 people annually. Social determinants of health related to the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have been analyzed, revealing higher incidence rates in socioeconomically favorable regions, while mortality rates are higher in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) of colorectal cancer in Brazil and its Federative Units, correlating them with socioeconomic indicators.Methodology: This is an ecological study, with a time series analysis of incidence, mortality, DALY, and prevalence rates of CRC in individuals aged 30 years and older. The corrected and estimated data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 19 (GBD19) for Brazil, by Federative Unit (FU) and sex, from 1990 to 2019, were used. Agestandardized rates were calculated using the GBD19 standard population. Indicator trends were estimated using the average annual percent change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by joinpoint regression. Pearson's correlation was used to correlate the indicators with the Human Development Index, using the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) obtained from GBD19. Results: The analysis of age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants showed an increase in all states, regardless of sex, from 1990 to 2019, with the following changes: incidence from 23.8 (1990) to 35.48 (2019), prevalence from 167.7 (1990) to 319.98 (2019), mortality from 41.74 (1990) to 49.14 (2019), and DALY from 934.4 (1990) to 1,109.35 (2019). The highest incidence and prevalence trends were observed in the North and Northeast macroregions and among males. Mortality and DALY trends showed predominantly higher rates among men in all Federative Units (except the Federal District) and remained stable among women. Correlation analysis between SDI and CRC showed a positive association with incidence and a negative association with mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Conclusion: The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of colorectal cancer were found to be high throughout the country, which can be explained by Brazil being a developing nation with increasing urbanization and greater access to risk factors. Rates are predominantly higher in more developed Federative Units where Westernized diets are already prevalent in the food routines of these groups. The high incidence trends in less favored regions may be due to the urbanization process, which is making previously absent risk factors more accessible over the years. Another reason could be the amplification of healthcare assistance in these regions, resulting in an increase in the reporting of new cases. The elevated mortality and DALY trends in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions may be related to the lack of public policies for prevention, screening, and treatment in these specific populations. Based on these findings, this study reinforces the importance of creating and implementing public health policies targeting highrisk groups for prevention and screening. Relevance and Impact: Colorectal cancer is a current public health issue worldwide. This study contributes to the epidemiological update of this cancer in Brazil, highlighting its relevance within the Brazilian context. The findings can contribute to prioritizing public health policies aimed at cancer prevention and control.
Formulação de Metarhizium humberi à base de cera de carnaúba e terra diatomácea para controle focal de Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-29) Seabra, Andressa Kristiny Lemes; Rodrigues Filho, Juscelino; Luz, Wolf Christian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1104009511235835; Luz, Wolf Christian; Muniz, Elen Regozino; Arruda, Walquíria
Introduction: Metarhizium humberi is an entomopathogenic fungus that shows promising activity in the biological control of Aedes aegypti, a vector of arboviruses. Stressful environmental conditions, such as low relative humidity (RH), hinder the insecticidal action of M. humberi. Additives in conidial formulations (C) aim to improve the insecticidal activity of this fungus. Carnauba wax powder (CC) as an additive aims to increase the contact of C on the cuticle, and diatomaceous earth (DE) causes abrasion damage to the vector's epicuticle. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a dry formulation for controlling A. aegypti. Materials and Methods: To this end, the in vitro germination of C with CC and/or ED was evaluated, as well as the potential of CC and DE as additives in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. For in vitro germination tests, C was mixed with CC and/or TD and exposed to 25°C, 43%, 75%, >98% RH and 12 h photophase for 14 days. In in vivo tests: in the greenhouse, adults were exposed to CC and/or ED mixed or not with C for 60 minutes. They were then incubated at 25ºC, 75% RH or >98% RH and 12-hour photophase. For tests in screened cages, adults were exposed to spreading devices with CC and/or ED mixed or not with C. In semifield tests, adults exposed to spreading devices with C, C+CC+DE and control in rainy or dry seasons. For all in vivo tests, mortality was quantified over 15 days. In field tests, dissemination devices with CC+ED and control were placed in four peridomiciliary sites in Goiânia, GO, Brazil, and at the end of each repetition the devices were reviewed and the number of eggs quantified. Results: In the in vitro tests C with CC and/or DE exposed to 43, 75 and >98% RH, had a significant difference in the mean germination in relation to the relative humidities (number of germinated conidia 43% < 75% > 98% RH). Exposure time (14 days) did not affect germination. In laboratory tests at 75% RH, on the 10th day mortality in C (58%) was lower than in C+CC+DE (73%). In the semi-field, mortality in the rainy season for C+CC+DE was 73%, and in the control 17%. In the dry season, C+CC+DE mortality was 92%, C 81% and control 45%. In the field, the number of eggs varied between 84 and 2221 eggs. Conclusions: The additives CC and DE can be used in a formulation with C of M. humberi. CC was not toxic to adults and the C+CC+DE formulation was promising in the dry season. Relevance and impact: The knowledge resulting from this study represents an important advance in the development of an effective and sustainable dry formulation for biological control, contributing to the emergence of new approaches to controlling A. aegypti, a vector with a major impact on tropical medicine and public health.
Práticas integrativas e complementares na atenção primária à saúde: percepções dos profissionais sobre a oferta dos serviços na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-29) Silva, Pedro Henrique Brito da; Oliveira, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3128365764211694; Oliveira, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de; Teixeira, Ricardo Antônio Gonçalves; Barros, Nelson Filici de
Researches involving Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) have been increasingly encouraged in order to understand how these unconventional care practices are provided in Primary Health Care (PHC). They acquire even more relevance from the perception of professionals who use them. They are important so that professionals can know the reality of these services in order to support planning and management strategies. CAM are in accordance with what is recommended at work in the field of Collective Health and in the Unified Health System, since they aim at the integrality, conection and protagonism of users regarding their care, being health promotion the structuring axis in a dialogical, creative and innovative perspective. The objective of this study was to understand the perception of health professionals who provide CAM on their use in PHC services in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Twenty professionals who used to provide CAM took part of our study in 14 PHC services in three cities in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia between January and August, 2018. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed through Content Analysis with the aid of NVivo© software to identify thematic categories. Most of them were nurses, aged between 31 and 40 years, and auriculotherapy was the most common complementary and alternative practice provided. The results were grouped into three categories: a) Training and qualification of professionals in CAM; b) Working with CAM; c) Conceptions of health and care. We could demonstrate that provision of ICP depended on the prior competence of the professionals or on their training in service. CAM were being organized and inserted into PHC by professionals from the Family Health Strategy (FHS), the Family Health Support Center (NASF) and the Health Academy, in a complementary way to the biomedical model. Such professionals have suffered from the disregard and ignorance of their work as well as from the lack of discussion about CAM in team meetings and lack of notes in the patients' medical records, which lends public invisibility and social humiliation to those professionals, who work within the limits imposed by the current biomedical model. On the other hand, CAM showed some change in health practices since they have contributed with a holistic perspective, individual empowerment, and a possibility of social de-medicalization, which have been enhancing the work between the Family Health teams and the Family Health Support Centers. However, there is still a concept of health and care that is rooted in disease prevention and in stimulating users’ behavioral changes. In this perspective, CAM are present in PHC, but we confirm that they have found barriers for their legitimacy, even in the presence of a national policy that establishes them.
Análise da proliferação de amastigotas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em macrófagos murinos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-30) Teixeira, Mirian Vieira; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Vinaud, Marina Clare; Afonso, Luís Carlos Crocco; Gomes, Clayson Moura; Baeza, Lilian Cristiane
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main species responsible for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, the use of this parasite species to study Leishmania infection in a murine model has been less conducted when compared to other Leishmania species. Control of murine Leishmania infection has been associated with nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) from M1 macrophage, while arginase expressed by M2 macrophages is related to Leishmania proliferation. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of L. (V.) braziliensis to proliferate within murine macrophages in vitro for a period of 9 days. Macropha-ges were derived from bone marrow precursors (BMDM) of wild-type mice and were cultured with IFN-γ and LPS, or IL-4, or BMDM iNOS knockout (iNOS KO), and nitric oxide production, arginase activity, and infection with L. (V.) braziliensis. The number of infected macrophages and parasite load were determined by light microscopy. Promastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis parasites were inoculated (106) into the paw of wild-type and iNOS-deficient mice and lesion progression was measured weekly. Wild-type BMDM were observed to not support proliferation of amastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis strains after day 3 infection, even within IL-4-treated ma-crophages or iNOS KO macrophages. Arginase activity was higher in iNOS KO macrophages than in IL-4 treated macrophages, showing that the absence of proliferation is arginase inde-pendent. L. (V.) braziliensis was able to cause uncontrolled disease in iNOS KO mice in vivo. The data obtained suggest that murine macrophages do not support proliferation of L. (V.) braziliensis amastigotes, even in the absence of nitric oxide and presence of high arginase ac-tivity. Therefore, further studies related to the requirements of amastigotes internalized in host cells are needed, for the search of better methods to interfere in the diversity of leishmaniasis forms caused by different Leishmania spp.

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