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Reconhecimento dos Antígenos Recombinantes MPT-51 e GlcB do Mycobacterium tuberculosis por Anticorpos Séricos de Indivíduos com Tuberculose Ativa
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-02-23) ALMEIDA, Cristina de Melo Cardoso; KIPNIS, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for more than 2 million deaths annually in the world. Although one third of the world population carries the bacilli, only 5% of the infected people develop active disease. 80% of TB cases are concentrated among 21 countries and Brazil is one of them. Due to the flaws existent inherent to the TB diagnostic, many works try to discover TB antigens to be used on an ELISA assay to detect active TB in underdeveloped countries, endemic for other mycobacterias such as leprosy (L). Several researches are identifying bacilli proteins obtained under nutritional culture stress, in order to mimic the intracellular milieu. It has been selected the immunodominant ones as a disease marker. The objective of this work was to characterize the humoral immune response among TB patients to rMPT-51 and rGlcB using an ELISA indirect test. It was included voluntaries that were HIV negative and the ones without pregnancy, chronic disease or under immunosuppressant treatment. Serum IgM and IgG against MPT-51 and GlcB recombinant antigen from 49 patients with active tuberculosis were measured by indirect ELISA, paired by sex and age with: healthy PPD negative individuals (controls) and lepromatous leprosy patients (LL). Patients with TB (0.810±0.319) showed higher levels of IgM against rMPT-51 than both LL individuals (0.454±0.195) and control (0.448±0.162) with statistical significant, p= 0.001 and p<0.001) respectively. These test showed 96.9% specificity and 67.3% sensitivity. Conversely, tuberculosis, controls, and LL individuals showed lower of MPT-51 IgG levels, which could not be distinguished among the groups. rGlcB antigen was able to distinguished TB patients from controls for IgM levels (specificity, 95.9 % and sensitivity, 8.2% ) and IgG levels (specificity, 99% and sensitivity, 18.2%). In order to evaluate the profiles of IgM and IgG against rMPT-51 and rGlcB before and after chemotherapy, the sera from 11 patients was collected and paired according to the treatment status (before or after). IgM and IgG against MPT-51 remained with the same profile levels before and after the treatment. The levels of serum IgG against rGlcB clearly diminished after the chemotherapy (p<0.01). Our results suggest that serum IgM levels against recombinant MPT-51 could to be useful to distinguish between active TB, controls and LL individuals. In addition, after TB treatment the IgG response to rGlcB diminished suggesting that it could be used to follow up of the TB treatment
Análise das Bases Moleculares da Resistência à Isoniazida e Rifampicina em Cepas Obtidas de Pacientes com Tuberculose no Estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-11) ALVES, Sueli Lemes de ávila; KIPNIS, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a challenge worldwide. Rapid diagnosis by molecular techniques can provide a more aggressive and appropriate initial therapy. This study aimed to analyze the molecular basis of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (R) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from cases of human tuberculosis in Goiás and to genetically determine the causes of the observed resistances. Of the 4.607 cultures for mycobacteria processed in the period of September of 2005 and December of 2007, 24 isolates from 16 patients resistant to at least H and/or R were analyzed. We compared the results obtained by phenotypic tests with mutations in key genes responsible for the development of resistance to these drugs, the rpoB gene for isolates resistant to R and katG gene for strains resistant to H. Seventy one percent of the isolates were resistant to H, and the mutations involved with resistance observed in the katG gene were in codon 315 (41%). The most frequent mutations observed in the rpoB gene of the R resistant isolates (71%) were in codons 456 (76.5%) and 451 (17.6%). Our findings are similar to those reported in the literature. We conclude that the percentage of agreement between genotypic and phenotypic tests was 41% for H and 94% for R considering the number of isolates and 40% and 91%, respectively considering the number of patients.
Avaliação do processo de descontaminação de brocas odontológicas e seu impacto no controle de infecção
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) ANDERS, Patrícia Staciarini; TIPPLE, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4288704233343920; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
Objective: to describe the process of decontamination of burs to assess the microbial contamination of burs after-processing that were available to the use to isolate and to identify the possible microorganisms Methods: This study was conducted in 110 private dental offices of the central area of Goiânia-Goiás during the period of March/2004 to August/2005 using a check-list measure of dry heat sterilizer temperature and microbial burs tests The burs were seeded in brain heart infusion broth incubated at 37ºC for 20 days and subcultured on specific agar to isolate microorganisms The isolates were identified by micro/macroscopic characteristics subcultured on specific agar biochemical/enzymatic test and automation technique (MicroScan ®) Results:A total of 110 burs were evaluated and 35 (31.8%) were contaminated Fungi were detected in 13 (30.2%) burs [Aspergillus sp (27.9%) and Micelia (2.3%)]; Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci) represented 13 (30.2%) isolates [2.3% Staphylococcus aureus and 27.9% (12) coagulase negative staphylococci] nine (20.9%) isolates were Gram-positive bacilli and eight (18,6%) fastidioso microorganisms Considering the obtained results some factors detected could be interfered in the burs sterilization ineficiency: enzymatic detergent inadequate use abrasive products use inadequate dry heat sterilization time and temperature multiple use burs kits and interruption the asseptical chain after sterilization Conclusion: The frequency of contaminated burs was high (31.8%) and it was detected failures in operational steps of burs processing and/or after sterilization
Testes de microdiluição em caldo e diluição em ágar para avaliação da suscetibilidade in vitro de dermatófitos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007-05-31) ARAUJO, Crystiane Rodrigues de; SILVA, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7119226630434725
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that colonize and invade the stratum corneum of the skin, hair and nails causing the dermatophytosis. An increasing number of antifungal agents has become available for the treatment of dermatophytosis, however not all species have the same susceptibility pattern and may occur relative or absolute resistance of some dermatophytes. The document M38-A developed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antifungal agents against filamentous fungi, has not included the dermatophytes. The broth microdilution method has been evaluated by various researchers, and some parameters as inoculum size, temperature and duration of incubation and endpoint determination has been investigated. In this study, the in vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine against 60 dermatophyte isolates, belong to three species, using the broth microdilution technique, with modifications at temperature and incubation time was used. Additionally, the MIC values obtained by broth microdilution method were compared with those obtained by the agar dilution technique. The results obtained by broth microdilution method showed that all isolates produced clearly detectable growth at 28oC and the MIC values could be determined after 4 days of incubation for the isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 5 days for T. rubrum and Microsporum canis isolates. Itraconazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine had the lowest MIC values (0.03 μg/ml) for 33.3%, 31.6% and 15% of the isolates, respectively. A good concordance was observed between the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. The levels of agreement were 91.6% with ketoconazole and griseofulvin, 83.3% with itraconazole, 81.6% with terbinafine and 73.3% with fluconazole for all the tested isolates. In summary, the results of this study suggest that an incubation time of 5 days and temperature at 28oC used in broth microdilution and agar dilution methods can contribute to define and to better interpret the MIC values. Beside, until a reference method for testing the susceptibilities of dermatophytes is standardized, the similar results with broth microdilution method become the agar dilution useful for testing the susceptibility of these fungi.
Isolamento, identificação e suscetibilidade in vitro de fungos causadores de onicomicose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-24) ATAÍDES, Fábio Silvestre; SILVA, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7119226630434725
Onychomycosis is the nail infection caused by a wide spectrum of fungi species, including yeasts, dermatophyte and filamentous fungi nondermatophytes (FFND). In this work, patients with lesions nails from Dermatology Department in Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás were studied. These patients were submitted to mycologic tests and the etiologic agents identified were evaluated on in vitro activity for systemic antifungal agents. During the period of March 2008 to March 2009, 114 patients clinically suspected of having onychomycosis were examinated. The nail samples collected were submitted to direct examination with potassium hydroxide 20% and grown in dextrose Sabouraud agar and specific fungal pathogens agar. The antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the method of broth microdilution, recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), through M38-A and M27-A2 documents. The onychomycosis diagnosis was established in 83.3% (95/114) patients, of which most were women between 40 to 59 years old. The isolated fungi were identified as yeasts in 54.6%; dermatophytes in 28.7%; and filamentous fungi nondermatophytes in 16.7%. Among yeasts, Candida parapsilosis was the most common etiologic agent (52.5%); among dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum was the most found (74.2), and among the filamentous fungi nondermatophytes, Fusarium spp was the most isolated genus (44.4%). Both distal and lateral subungual lesions were predominant in cases of onychomycosis by all the agents identified, showing that there was no correlation with the clinical presentation and etiology. Although most of the isolates have showed susceptible to several antifungal agents studied, five Candida spp strains were resistant; one to voriconazole, one species to itraconazole and three to amphotericin B. The in vitro susceptibility testing profile for dermatophytes was similar for each antifungal agent analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of itraconazole, ketoconazole and griseofulvin for 50% of isolates were lower than 1 μg/mL, and terbinafine was extremely low, with concentration 0.015 μg/mL for 90% of isolates. The MIC for itraconazole in 90% isolates of FFND was 16 g/mL, while for amphotericin B and voriconazole was 8 g/mL. In summary, this study showed a higher frequency of onychomycosis in women. Candida spp and dermatophytes with FFND emergence, especially of the genus Fusarium, were the main fungi involved. Besides, the presence of resistant fungi to some antifungal agents showed the need of using susceptibility tests for these fungi.
Análise dos resultados sorológico, anatomopatológico e parasitológico de material abortivo para infecções com risco de transmissão vertical com ênfase na toxoplasmose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-05) BARBARESCO, Aline Almeida; CASTRO, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621
The infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Treponema pallidum, can reach the fetus via the placenta or transamniótica may cause different damage. The severity of the infection or even abortion, depend on the virulence of the strain of microorganism, the immune response of the mother and the period. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of serological, pathological and parasitological material for abortive infections with risk of vertical transmission, with emphasis on toxoplasmosis. They were invited to participate in the study, women who miscarried and complete or incomplete, attended at two public hospitals in Goiânia, Goiás, between the period June 2008 to June 2009. Were interviewed through a questionnaire and collected blood samples and abortive material. There were immunologic tests for toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, rubella, cytomegalovirus and syphilis and pathology in cytogenetic. 55% of women were aged 20 to 30 years of age. The majority (68%) had gestational ages ranging from 7-14th weeks. 54.3% of women had completed high school or incomplete. Regarding the number of abortions, most women (69%) had only one abortion and minority (2.9%) were already in the fourth or fifth abortion. For the analysis of serology, infection with the risk of vertical transmission was more frequent with the CMV 97.1% positivity and then the rubella 95.2%. Toxoplasmosis has a percentage of 54.3%, Chagas disease by 1.9% and syphilis by 0.95%. The analysis of the biopsy showed that 63.1% showed inflammation and 34% absence of inflammation. Analysis of serological, pathological and parasitological of 105 women, 57 were seropositive for T. gondii. It was observed that 77.1% showed inflammation, detected in pathological examination. None has tested positive for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and inoculation in mice. This study demonstrated the high frequency of seropositive for CMV and rubella then toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease and syphilis in our country. The elucidation of the cause of miscarriage is still not routine in our country. These data showed that the prevalence of disease with risk of congenital transmission in patients with spontaneous abortion is important, more research is needed to elucidate the etiology of abortion. Women's health should receive more attention from our managers because primary care is the best and most efficient path to be followed in order to quality of life for mothers and their future children.
Resistência primária aos antirretrovirais e diversidade genética do HIV-1 em pacientes do estado do Tocantins.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-21) CARVALHO, Bruna Coelho; STEFANI, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905
Regional differences in the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 have been reported in Brazil, where there is scarce publication about the epidemic in north region. Despite the large number of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) belonging to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI and NNRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) classes, the selection of resistance-associated mutations may compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Primary resistance mutations, present prior to ARV use, occur mainly due to the transmission of resistant virus. This study describes the prevalence and profile of primary resistance mutations to ARV and the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in ARV naive patients from Tocantins State. For HIV-1 genotyping of the entire protease gene (PR) and 750 bp of reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, plasma RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA) and used as the target for nested polymerase chain reaction (K1/K2 and F2/DP10 primers) and fragments were sequenced (kit DYEnamic ET Dye Terminator, GE Healthcare; ABI Prism 3130). The sequences were edited by the Staden Package software. Primary drug resistance was analyzed using the Calibrated Population Resistance (CPR) tool employing the Stanford Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation (SDRM). The susceptibility profile of ARV mutations was analyzed by Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (hivdb.stanford.edu). HIV-1 genetic subtypes were identified by REGA HIV-1 and SIMPLOT softwares and by phylogenetic inference. Naïve patients (n=52) were recruited in LACEN/Palmas/TO between 2008-2010. The majority of investigated patients (59.6%) were males and 73.1% reported heterosexual exposure. Primary mutations that confer resistance to ARV were identified in 11.5% (06/52) of the isolates: BRTO08-43: M41L, L210W, T215D (NRTI); BRTO02-83: Y181C (NNRTI); BRTO13-83: D67G, K219E (NRTI); BRTO20-83: V108I, Y181C (NNRTI); BRTO02-66: M46L (PI); e BRTO13-66: V90I, K103N (NNRTI). Isolates with concordant subtypes in PR/RT regions represented 86.5% (45/52): subtype BPRBRT=78.8% (41/52), subtype CPRCRT=5.8% (3/52), subtype F1PRF1RT=1.9%. Isolates with discordant subtypes in PR and RT genes indicating intersubtype recombination represented 13.5% (07/52): BPRF1TR=1.9% (01/52); BPRBF1TR=7.7% (04/52) e CPRCF1TR=3.9% (02/52). Our study among naive patients from Tocantins State describes moderate prevalence of primary resistance to ARV, the predominance of subtype B that co-circulates with subtype C and a significant number of B/F1 and C/F1 recombinant forms. These results indicate the transmission of ARV resistant HIV-1 isolates among patients from a small inland city in north Brazil, where the epidemic is more recent. In this context, it is important to monitor the prevalence of primary drug resistance in order to assess the need and the cost-benefit of the implementation of pre-treatment genotipic tests aiming to optimize the choice of the ARV regimen among naive patients from Tocantins State.
Tipagem molecular da cápsula de Haemophilus influenzae isolados da nasofaringe de crianças de creches de Goiânia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-19) CARVALHO, Camila Xavier de; ANDRADE, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7770363683068899; KIPNIS, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes infection in children, and is presented in two ways: with six encapsulated serotypes a-f and non-encapsulated or nontypeable (NTHi). Capsulated strains are responsible for a variety of invasive diseases, with meningitis being the most frequent. Nontypeable strains are responsible for respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media in children under 24 months. Children who attend day care centers have increased risk of developing otitis media when colonized with NTHi. Our goal was to describe the prevalence of colonization by Hi and risk factors associated with carrier status in children attending day care centers. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 1192 healthy children under five years of age who attended one of 62 daycare centers in Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil were analyzed. The samples were placed on chocolate agar plates and incubated in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37 ° C overnight. Hi were identified according with colony morphology in culture, Gram staining, and their requirement for V (hemin) and X (NAD) factors. Capsular typing and the presence of the genes TEM1 and ROB1 for resistance to β-lactams were evaluated by PCR. Differences between proportions and means were tested using Chi-square and Student's t test, respectively. Estimates of relative risk (odds ratio) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, p values less than 5% were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of colonization among the 1192 children was 32.1% and 23.3% for HiNT and 8.8% for encapsulated strains. The prevalence of strains carrying the gene TEM1 was 38.4%. Among HiNT strains the prevalence of TEM1 gene was 43.2%. Previous hospitalization of children in the last 6 months was independently associated with the risk carrier by H. influenzae typeable. The data described in this study will aid investigation on the impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV) introduction.
Atividade inseticida do extrato bruto etanólico de persea americana (lauraceae) sobre larvas e pupas de aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-25) CARVALHO, George Harrison Ferreira de; SILVA, Ionizete Garcia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021551669347602
In the search for new alternatives for control of Aedes aegypti, in view of its resistance to chemical insecticides in use, research on plant substances has been increasing, due to be degradable and less toxic to vertebrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of crude ethanol extract (cee) of bark of Persea americana Mill, on larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti in the laboratory and field. After obtaining this cee was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thus obtaining the test solution. For each test, and repetition, in both laboratory and field were used 100 larvae of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars and 100 pupae too. The same amount of larvae and pupae was used for the groups positive and negative controls, performed respectively with temephos at 1 ppm and 1.6% of the DMSO. Both the laboratory bioassays and field were conducted with key artificial urban tire, glass and plastic. The results showed the insecticidal activity of the cee P. americana larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, both in laboratory and field. There was 100% mortality of the larvae of the 1st and 2nd instars in the laboratory at a dose of 5 ppm and field at a dose of 10 ppm. In the laboratory the LC50 and LC90 were respectively 7.2 and 19.3 ppm for 3rd instar, 6.6 and 15.4 ppm for 4th instar and 93.6 and 158.7 ppm for pupae. Following the same order, in the field, the LC50 and LC90 were 27.8 and 51.3 ppm plows the 3rd instar, 23.8 and 46.9 ppm for the 4th instar and 145.3 and 261.9 ppm for the pupae. The most important factor of this study was the effect pupicida of P. americana, because it is very rare to find this effect on other products, both natural and synthetic.Tests acute oral toxicity in rats were conducted to cee this plant that proved to be nontoxic according to norms (Acute Toxic Class Method - OECD 423) for products of plant origin.
Avaliação moluscicida das plantas Pterodon emarginatus Vogel 1837, Magonia pubescens St. Hil, e Croton urucurana Baill 1864, sobre Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) e cercaricida sobre Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) CORRÊA, Marinês Conceição Rieth; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846
The molluscicide and cercaricide action of the Pterodon emarginatus plants Magonia pubescens and Croton urucurana found in the Brazilian scrubland center-west region and in other Brazilian regions where the schistosomose is endemic was evaluated separately in laboratories The brute etanolic extracto obtained after the dilution in water were tested over the Biomphalaria glabrata snails intermediary host of Schistosoma mansoni The evaluation of the bioactivity was done from the initial concentration of 100ppm over adult snails and those ones which died in the adult phase had their concentrations reduced at 50 25 and 12.5ppm successively The molluscicide effect was evaluated over the snails development phasis over the laying of eggs and over the ovigery masses hatching The extracts that did not show bioactivity on 100ppm did not have their concentrations decreased The P emarginatus extract did not demonstrate bioactivity over the snails the laying of eggs the ovigery masses hatching and the liberation of cercaries Showing the cercaricide effect five hours after the start of the experiment whereas the controlling group survived for 36 hours over the same conditions The M pubescens extract demonstrated 100% of bioactivity on the four concentrations utilized and in all the snails development phasis with the exception of the ovigery masses hatching The cercaricide effect was 100% on the 100 and 50ppm concentrations within fifteen minutes 100% on 25ppm within 30 minutes and 100% on 12.5ppm within two hours whereas the controlling group survived for 36 hours at the same conditions With the C urucurana extract the bioactivity was of 26.6% on the 100ppm concentration within 24 hours of an exposition over adult snails On the 50 25 and 12.5ppm concentrations it was not showed bioactivity over the adult and young snails the laying of eggs and the ovigery masses hatching It was presented bioactivity with newly-developed snails on the three concentrations tested after 24 hours of exposition With the cercaries the deaths were observed from the fifteen minutes on the 100 and 50ppm concentrations two hours on 25ppm and five hours on 12.5ppm, and in the controlling group they survived 36 hours at the same conditions The snails which survived to the P emarginatus e C urucurana extracts showed an increasing on the laying of eggs number when compared to the controlling group
Avaliação da atividade de acaricidas químicos sintéticos, extrato botânico sobre Rhipicephalus sanguineus e ação dos óleos essenciais sobre Amblyomma cajennens.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-10-22) D`ALESSANDRO, Walmirton Bezerra; FERNANDES, Fernando de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2872101003404611
Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari, Ixodidae) known as tick-star , is a ixodid heteroxenous tree-host found too often in horses. Have little specific parasite, particularly in periods of larvae and nymph, is considered the most important in ixodid transmission of spotted fever to humans in Brazil. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, tick ectoparasite mainly from domestic dogs in urban areas, but also parasite other mammals, birds and reptiles, is responsible for the transmission of pathogens to their hosts. By developing in synanthropic environments, with their immature stages occasionally infecting man, this ixodídeo could cause increased incidence of erliquiosis, babesiosis and spotted fever in humans. The difficulties in controlling these ixodids, including the development of resistance to some acaricides chemicals synthetic main products used in their control, studies to encourage development of alternative measures, more efficient and less environmental impact. The objective of this work was monitoring the susceptibility and/or resistance of R. sanguineus to 14 insecticide products/acaricides, among the most acaricide sold in Goiás for control of ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance, and verify the potential of substances extracted from plants, Carapa guianensis AUBLET (Meliaceae), Piper hispidinervum C.DC. (Piperaceae) and Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (Sapindaceae) in botanical exploration of acaricides for control of A. cajennense and R. saguineus. Engorged female of R. sanguineus were collected in environments naturally infested frequented by dogs in different districts and municipalities of Goiânia. Engorged female of A. cajennense were collected on horses from rural farms of different neighborhoods and surrounding municipalities of Goiânia. In the laboratory they were washed with distilled water, dried with paper towel and put in incubators B.O.D., to conduct the oviposition. Envelopes were used to filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of synthetic chemical acaricides, of essential oils from the leaves and branches side of P. hispidinervum, essential oil coming seeds of C. guianensis and stem bark of M. pubescens. In the control group used up only distilled water and solvent. Bioassays were made in quadruplicate. In the first study, Lethal Concentrations, CL50 and CL99, after 24 h and 48 h of exposure were calculated for the products that caused a framework for possible resistance or resistance to larvicidal R. sanguineus, according to WHO criteria. There was a framework of resistance to the basic products of Cypermethrin, Cypermethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), Deltamethrin, Permethrin and Amitraz in 24 h presenting mortalities of 58.36%, 71.36%, 48.7%, 64.5% and 77.8%, respectively. In 48 h of exposure to Amitraz the mortality rate was 88%, presenting a framework for possible resistance accounting for 0.07% of the products tested. The lethal concentrations CL50 and CL99 were: Cypermethrin (0.06% and 7.04%), Cypermethrin + PBO (0.06% and 2.1%), Deltamethrin (0.06% and 1.57%); Permethrin (0.06% and 0.3%), Amitraz 24 h (0025% and 0.73%) and Amitraz 48 h (0.06% and 0.31%). The products Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Permethrin, Cypermethrin + PBO and Amitraz (24 and 48 h of exposure) were 35.2, 21, 7.85, 3, 3.65, 1.55 times, respectively, higher than the dosages recommended by manufacturers. In the second study noted that the essential oil of C. guianensis on the larvae of A. cajennense resulted in 24 h, mortality not exceeding 10% for 35% concentration in 48 h of exposure received at the CL50 of 7.38% and 45.45% of CL99, the essential oil of P. hispidinervum shown in 24 h of exposure CL50 of 0.42% and CL99 of 0.88%, in 48 h of exposure CL50 of 0.45% and CL99 of 1.06%. There was Knock down the effect on the larvae of A. cajennense the essential oil of P. hispidinervum, significantly influencing mortality average. In the third study there was the lethal action of ethanol crude extract of stem of bark M. pubescens on R. sanguineus, in the reading of 48 h LC50 and CL99 was 0.15% and 0.99%, respectively.The plants showed larvicidal effect on A. cajennense and R. sanguineus. The essential oils and extracts studied demonstrated greatest potential for the exploration of acaricides plants, with less environmental impact, to be used as a strategy for control of R. sanguineus and A. cajennense.
Caracterização Molecular e Funcional da Urease de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-27) FERNANDES, Maria Regilda de Araújo; PEREIRA, Maristela; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345781867765758
The pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). The main route of contamination is the inhalation of fungal propagules that convert to yeast in the host tissues. The urease is among the factors of virulence described for dimorphic fungus. It hydrolyzes the urea producing molecules of ammonia and carbamate. Pbure has 3,012 bp, corresponding to a predicted protein of 837 amino acids, predicted molecular mass of 90 kDa and pI 6.0. PbURE has signature to nickel-dependent enzyme for its activity. The phylogenetic relationship between PbURE and urease from other fungi was evaluated. The cDNA that encodes PbURE was inserted into the expression vector pET-32a and recombinant protein of 103 kDa was expressed. Polyclonal antibody were produced against PbUREr and used on Western blot, Far-Western blot and ELISA. The results showed that PbUREr interferes on interaction between P. brasiliensis and pulmonary epithelial cells A549. PbUREr was able to bind to proteins fibronectin and type IV collagen, components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The interaction between PbURE and calnexin protein was identified by the technique of two-hybrid.
Análise bioquímica e equilíbrio ácido-base em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907), sob a exposição ao Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius, 1837), planta moluscicida do Cerrado brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) FERREIRA, Cirlane Silva; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846
The state of Goiás represents a high risk to schistosomiasis stablishment area The presence of the intermediate host Biomphalaria sp added to high migration levels of people from endemic regions of the country are evidences that favour the installation of this disease life cycle In this state of Goiás there are reports of high parasitary intensity and even cases of paraplegia associated with schistosomiasis. The Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius 1837) known locally as Barbatimão de folha pequena is reported as a molluscicide plant This paper assesses the activity of gross bark extracts from S polyphyllum on the metabolism and on the acid-alkaline balance of B glabrata The mollusks were exposed to the extract at 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations for 24 hours and compared to a control group The concentrations of glucose calcium urea proteins and the activity of the following enzymes dehydrogenases lactate and aminotransferases were estimated using the spectrophotometry method The organic acids citrate propionate α- cetoglutarate succinate acetate malate fumarate pyruvate and lactate were detected and quantified using the liquid chromatography method Of all the organic acids found in the hemolymph, only citrate and propionate presented a significant alteration The acid-alkaline balance was verified by measuring the concentrations found in the pH oxygen carbonic gas carbonate ions and oxygen saturation using Radiomiter equipment The S polyphyllum extract tested proved effective due to celular toxicity on B glabrata(Say 1818) Alterations verified in the biochemical dosages reflect the metabolic disturbances in the hemolymph of the mollusk The Cirlane Silva Ferreira x extract interference caused an increase in the levels of glucose urea calcium aspartate alanine aminotransferases and carbonic gas pressure simultaneously causing a decrease in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase pH oxygen pressure carbonate ions and oxygen saturation This study confirms the bioactivity of the S polyphyllum aqueous extract on B glabrata One of the main contributions of the methodology used is that it enabled observation after direct contact with the extract that proved bioactivity on the metabolism of the mollusk The analysis of the aqueous extract taken from the bark of the barbatimão may be the basis for new and less toxic as well as less costly alternative for the control of schistosomiasis in Brazil, where the savannah is vast and financial resources are often scarce in the health sector
Tétano acidental, um problema de saúde pública susceptível de controle
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2001-12-14) FERREIRA, Denise Milioli; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045
Accidental tetanus is a millenary disease of high lethal indices, even when proven and effective, low cost prophylactics are available. Several studies have tried to identify the physiopathological process which releases the succession of clinical manifestations of the disease. The objective of these studies is to recognize and make available a new strategy for the treatment of tetanus after exposition to the toxin. The diagnosis of tetanus is eminently clinical. Several factors may occur during the evolution of the disease which complicate its prognosis. The most frequent complications are infections and autonomic dysfunction. Several therapeutic options exist. However, they have a supportive and symptomatic role. This study has as its objective to show the complexity which involves the physiopathological process and treatment of accidental tetanus as well as to emphasize that the only effective way of reducing tetanic mortality is, doubtless, a better vaccine coverage of susceptible individuals. NOTE: Essay with review articles. This is the sum of the first.
Prevalência e fatores de riscos associados à infecção por Neisseria gonorrhoeae em adolescentes e jovens do sexo feminino em um município de médio porte do Estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-05-30) FONSECA, Zulmirene Cardoso; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045
BACKGROUND: Adolescents and youth are the group most vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which are among the most prevalent infections in the world and represent a serious impact on reproductive health in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors for infection by N. gonorrhoeae and co-positivity with C. trachomatis in sexually active adolescents and young adults living in a midsize city of Goias and describe the socio-demographic and behavioral profile of the population seen at the Family Health Program (PSF). METHODOLOGY: The study was designed as a prevalence study in 651 adolescents and young adults, not pregnant, 15 to 24 years were enrolled in the Family Health Program (FHP) in Inhumas, Goiás were excluded pregnant or postpartum teens in antibiotics or menstruating. The diagnosis of gonococcal infection and infection by C. trachomatis was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in endocervical specimens using the Roche Amplicor kit for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. The socio-demographic and sexual behavior were obtained through a questionnaire as an interview. Univariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors associated with infection. Endocervical swab samples were collected from 322 sexually active patients to dtect the DNA of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. RESULTS: The mean age of 428 sexually active adolescents and young adults was 18.6 (SD = 2.7), with 64.3% single. Inconsistent use of condoms was observed in 78.0% of girls and 11.9% never used it. The first sexual intercourse occurred before the age of fifteen in 23.4%. Pregnancy before age 20 occurred in 90% and 23.5% of them before age 15. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8 to 6.2) in 322 patients from whom samples were collected endocervical swab. Co-infection with chlamydia was 27.3%. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factor associated with infection by N.gonorrhoeae was not using condoms. CONCLUSIONS: Young women and adolescents in this study exhibited various behaviors considered at risk for STDs and those who reported not using condoms had a higher risk of being infected by the gonococcus. WORDS - KEY: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Adolescents Prevalence; STD; PCR.
Aspectos epidemiológicos e genótipos do vírus da Hepatite C em caminhoneiros de rota longa do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-22) FREITAS, Nara Rubia de; MARTINS, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370
Globally, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is about 3%, with a significant variation according to geographic areas and population groups. However, studies concerning this infection in truck drivers population are rare. This study aimed to determine the HCV infection prevalence, to analyse associated risk factors and also to identify this virus genotypes in a population of long distance truck drivers in Brazil. In 2005-2006, 641 truck drivers who were circulating on BR-153 Federal road were interviewed and blood samples collected. Blood samples (sera) were tested for anti-HCV antibodies detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-HCV reactive sera were retested for confirmation by immunoblot and also for HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. HCV RNA positive samples were genotyped by line probe assay (LiPA). Nine samples were anti-HCV positive, resulting in a prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7-2.7). By multivariate analysis, use of illicit drug and hepatitis B virus seropositivity (anti-HBc marker) were risk factors for this infection. Genotyping of HCV RNA positive samples revealed the presence of genotypes 1 (37.5%), 2 (25.0%) and 3 (37.5%). The findings of this study indicate an intermediate endemicity for HCV infection in truck drivers in Brazil, the relevance of drug use in the transmission of this agent and the circulation of genotypes 1, 2 and 3 in the studied population.
Detecção de metalo beta lactamase em Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-18) GONÇALVES, Diana Christina Pereira Santos; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
P. aeruginosa is frequently isolated in hospitals and the clinical importance has been increased due to gravity of infections. The metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production is an emergent mechanism of resistance in P. aeruginosa. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa isolated of patients admitted in a hospital in Goiânia, to verify the MBL production by diffusion test and detect MBL genes by PCR technique. A total of 75 samples were evaluated, isolated of various clinical samples, in the period of January/2005 to January/2007. The biochemical identification was performed by automation technique system (API 20E ®) and antimicrobial susceptibility profile by Kirby- Bauer method. The 75 P. aeruginosa presented multi-drug resistance and, the resistance profile was: 90.7% to ceftazidime: 30.7% to aztreonam, 97.3% to ciprofloxacin; 48.0% of resistance to piperacilin/tazobactam, 88.0% to cefepime; amicacin, gentamicin and tobramicina whit resistance profile of 78.7%, 84.0% and 77.4%, respectively. The MBL production by difusion disc method was 46.7% (35/75). The gene blaSPM-1 was detected in 39 (52.0%) and gene blaIMP-1 in three (4.0%) isolates. The high frequency of P. aeruginosa resistant and MBL production alert to necessity of control the dissemination of bacteria multi-drug resistant in hospital, as well as the adoption of preventive actions and explanation of the health workers about rational use of antibiotics.
PERFIL SOROLÓGICO EXPERIMENTAL DE CAMUNDONGOS INFECTADOS COM A CEPA CISTOGÊNICA ME-49, DE Toxoplasma gondii ANTES E PÓSTERAPÊUTICA ESPECIFICA.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-04-01) GUIMARÃES, Liliane Rego; CASTRO, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621
Toxoplasmosis is a protozoosis of high incidence in the world, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted by the ingestion of food contaminated by oocysts found in feline feces, or cists in raw or underdone meat, congenitally in other instances. The disease is usually asymptomatic, but in embryos or in imunodrepessive patients it may be devastating. In this work, the experimental serologic profile has been evaluated after specific therapy in isogenies mice Balbc, infected with a cystogenic lineage ME-49 of T. gondii. Fifty animals have been intra-peritoneal inoculated with 10 cists of T. gondii (lineage ME-49) obtained from the maceration of mice brains of previously inoculated mice. The mice have been divided into three groups of 15 animals each and a negative control group (not infected and not treated) of 5 animals. All the animals have been daily accompanied, and the symptoms were verified during 20 days. After this period, two groups of 15 animals underwent specific therapy schemes in which; group A: pirimetamin (12,5mg/kg/day) + folic acid; group B: pirimetamin + folic acid + sulfadiazine (500mg/kg/day), orally administrated during 10 consecutive days. After this period, all animals have been scarified, with an interval of 5 days, and the blood has been collected by a heart puncture and the serum separated for the Indirect Immuno-fluorescence Reaction. The samples from the treated animals presented a significant diminution in the quantity of (IgG) antibodies evaluated by the two schemes by the indirect immuno-fluorescence reaction (t=3,5, and t=7,6 respectively), in relation to the control group. There have been no significant differences between the two therapeutic schemes (t=0,36). Our results have shown that the experimental precocious treatment reduces significantly the IgG levels, suggesting a diminution of antigenic stimulus, and consequently a better prognosis for toxoplasmosis.
Aspectos psicopatológicos na hanseníase e nas reações hansênicas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) JUNQUEIRA, Alessandra Vidal e; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045; CAIXETA, Leonardo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9536747113677509
Hansen s disease (leprosy) is an endemic infectious disease in underdeveloped countries Disease s burden and reaction episodes can lead to anxious and depressive symptoms relatively frequent although poorly explored in leprosy To 90 patients presenting leprosy and 30 without the disease, but under the same environmental stress conditions in Goiânia-GO Brazil were applied the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Patients with leprosy were distributed in three groups of 30: group 1 without reactions; group 2: outpatients with reactions; group 3: inpatients with reactions The group 4 was composed by individuals without the disease Higher scores were found in leprosy patients than in the group without the disease with statistically significant differences specially between groups 3 and 4 Leprosy patients without reactions had lower scores (60%) Depressive symptoms were more common in reactions 83.3% in outpatients and 96.7% in medical inpatients The most symptoms found were anxiety depression lack of labor capacity and insomnia We concluded that anxious and depressive symptoms were more frequent in leprosy patients mainly in those with severe reactions
Fenotipagem de bactérias isoladas em hemoculturas de pacientes admitidos na unidade clínica de terapia intensiva de um hospital escola
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) LEÃO, Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira; PIMENTA, Fabiana Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2230554075502158
Introduction: In hospitals the bloodstream infections represent a serious complication in critical patients The detection of bacteria in blood cultures is considered an important diagnosis instrument This study aimed to detect and characterize bacteria from blood of clinical intensive care unit admitted patients of a teaching hospital in Goiânia-Goiás in the period of April/2003 to April/2004 Methods: The blood samples were seeded in brean heart infusion broth (Bacto - BD Diagnostic Systems/ USA) incubated until 7 days at 37oC and subcultived on chocolate agar to isolated microorganisms The isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical / enzymatic test and automation technique The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile were performed by MicroScan ® system. Results: A total of 304 blood cultures of 195 patients were evaluated Forty-nine (16.1%) bloods cultures were positive The Gram-positive cocci represented 47.7% of isolated and Gram-negative rods 50.0% One (2.3%) coryneform bacilli were isolated The most prevalent specie was Pseudomonas stutzeri (18.2%) The Gram-positive cocci and enterobacterias showed higher resistance rate against ampicillin; 66.7% of staphylococci were oxacillin resistant and 77.8% of pseudomonas were resistant aztreonam Vancomycin and linezolid were the most active agents for Gram-positive cocci and the carbapenems for Gram-negative rods Conclusion: The frequency of positive blood cultures was 16.1% with a similar distribution of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that showed high resistance rate against antimicrobial agents Due to the impact of bloodstream infection in the hospital context others studies are necessary to support measure of prevention and control

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