Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública

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Caracterização epidemiológica e genômica de amostras de rotavírus humano espécie A em Goiânia-Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-22) Almeida, Tâmera Nunes Vieira; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Mascarenhas, Joana D'Arc Pereira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important causative agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and vaccination is recommended for the prevention and control of this virus. In Brazil, since 2006, two vaccines have been used, with Rotarix® included in the National Immunization Program. Since its implementation, there has been a reduction in hospitalization rates and positivity for RVA. In this sense, the present study aimed to detect RVA from stool samples from children up to five years of age, with or without GEA, obtained in the period 2014-2015, in addition to characterizing the 11 genomic segments of RVA of samples obtained in pre- and post-vaccine periods and compare them to the vaccine sample. 341 stool samples were analyzed, 335 obtained in the period 2014-2015 and six archival samples positive for RVA, one from the pre-vaccine period. RVA detection was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotyping by Mulitplex-Nested-PCR. The 11 genomic segments were characterized by sequencing and molecular modeling was done for VP7 and VP4. Of the 335 stool samples (2014-2015), nine were positive for RVA with a long electropherotypic pattern, four of which were characterized as G12P[8]. Of the six archive samples, also a long standard, five were G1P[8], one of which was from the pre-vaccine period. The characterization of the 11 genomic segments was possible for three samples, two archive samples (G1P[8]), one from the pre-vaccine period and the other (G12P[8]) from the 2014-2015 period. The three samples were characterized as genogroup I. Phylogenetic analysis made it possible to differentiate lineages for VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4; samples G1, from the pre- and post-vaccine periods, were characterized as lineages II and I, respectively, and G12, as lineage III, and samples P[8] as lineage III. Samples I1 (VP6) were characterized as lineage IV (pre-vaccine) and I (post-vaccine) and samples E1 (NSP4) were characterized as lineage III. High nucleotide and amino acid identity was verified for the 11 genomic segments of the three samples in relation to the vaccine, being lower for VP7 and VP4 of the G12 sample P[8]. This lesser identity was evident in the protein structure, mainly in the antigenic epitopes of both proteins. In conclusion, RVA continues to circulate with the same genotype as the vaccines and with a different genotype, which reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of the agent in the context of vaccination.
Avaliação da imunogenicidade de antígenos recombinantes do mycobacterium tuberculosis para desenvolvimento de teste de diagnóstico sorológico para a tuberculose
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-28) Costa, Adeliane Castro da; Junqueira-Kipnis, Ana Paula
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). According to the WHO, one-third of the world population is infected with Mtb and about 5% of these individuals will develop active disease. Mtb can affect various organs, having the lungs as its main target (pulmonary TB). TB diagnosis can be confirmed by the presence of alcool acid resistant bacilli in biological samples. However, this technique has a variable sensitivity (35% to 85%) therefore, it is necessary the development of new laboratory methods. The first objective of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity and antigenicity of the recombinant protein GroES from Mtb using an indirect ELISA in TB patients and their household contacts; the second objective was evaluate the performance of a recombinant fusion protein expressing immunodominant epitopes previously identified as immunogenic and antigenic: Antigen 85C, MPT-51 and Hsp-X in the discrimination of patients with active TB from healthy controls from endemic areas. Methods: This is a transversal study. In the first study it was tested the recombinant GroES antigen in an indirect ELISA and the study population was constituted of 45 patients with active TB and 172 healthy household contacts (HHC). The second study tested a recombinant fusion protein in an indirect ELISA and the study population was, composed by 35 patients with active TB, and 39 healthy control subjects (HC). All individuals who agreed to participate underwent tuberculin skin test (TST) and blood samples were withdrawn to obtain plasma and serum. We performed an indirect ELISA for IgG and IgM specific to GroES and the fusion protein. Results and conclusions: The results showed that in the IgM-ELISA specific for rGroES, the HHC, TST negative individuals, had antibody levels (0.233 ± 0.142) higher than active TB patients (0.193±0.140;p=0.0497). No differences were observed between active TB and HHC, TST positive for IgM specific to rGroEs. For the IgG-ELISA specific for rGroES, individuals with active TB had higher levels (0.203±0.214) when compared to HHC-TST negative (0.121±0.145; p=0.0168). For the IgG-ELISA-rGroES, using a cut-off of 0.052, the sensitivity was 78.38% (95% CI: 61.8 to 90.2%), and the specificity was 31.76% (95% CI: 22.1 to 42.8%). Individuals with active TB had IgG-rGroES (0.203±0.214) similar to the HHC, TST+ (0.167±0.181). In conclusion, the rGroES an antigen is immunogenic and antigenic, it was recognized by the humoral immune response of individuals with active and latent TB. The results for the ELISA specific for the fusion protein showed for IgG, that patients with active TB had higher antibody levels (0.407±0.141), than healthy controls (0.167±0.072; p<0.0001). The cutoff of 0.179 allowed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 89.72-100%); and the specificity was 71.4% (95% CI: 53.70-85.36%). ELISA for specific IgM to fusion protein, showed that individuals with active TB presented higher levels (0.305±0.09), than the healthy controls (0.212±0.057; p<0.0001). In this case, using a cutoff of 0.226, the sensitivity was 80.0% (95% CI: 63.06-91.56%), and the specificity was 61.54% (95% CI: 44.62-76.64%). We conclude that the indirect ELISA using the fusion protein presented the best performance and can be improved in order to prepare a kit for the diagnosis of TB.
Abordagem computacional para a descoberta de novos inibidores de prolil oligopeptidase 80 de Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-05-31) Costa, Vinícius Alexandre Fiaia; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Neves, Bruno Junior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Neves, Bruno Junior; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Charneau, Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
Chagas disease is a serious infectious disease caused by the trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, the benznidazole is the only drug available for treating the disease. However, due to the emergence of benznidazole-resistant parasites, low efficacy in the chronic phase and considerable number of adverse effects, the discovery of new drugs more effective, safer and with innovative mechanism of action is imperative. In this context, the general objective of this work was to identify inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl oligopeptidase 80 (POPTc80), a validated target for Trypanosoma cruzi, using computational methods based on the structure of the target (SBDD) and ligand (LBDD). Initially, the three-dimensional structure of POPTc80 was predicted using three different approaches. After structural refinement and validation, the best 3D structure, obtained from the AlphaFold server, was submitted to structural analysis. In this step, three representative conformations of POPTc80 generated on the DynOmics server were selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These structures were then used as structural bases for the construction and validation of molecular docking protocols in the Glide program. Molecular anchoring demonstrated that the conformation 3 results showed the highest rate of enrichment during screening of a set of active compounds and decoys. Then, the docking poses for POPTc80 inhibitors described in the literature were considered queries for generating and validating shape-based models in the vROCS program. As a result, a 3D structure of the POPTc80 was possible, a validated docking protocol was developed and a specific shape-based model for POPTc80 was also developed. At the end of this process, the best molecular docking protocols and the best shape-based model were used as computational filters for the virtual screening of the ChemBridge library, which made it possible to obtain a set of putative hits that will be experimentally validated in the POPTc80 enzyme in collaboration.
Mpox e Mpox em PVHA: um estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-11-08) Coutinho, João Victor Soares Coriolano; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644529827602550; Siqueira Júnior, João Bosco; Araújo Filho, João Alves de; Soares, Renata de Bastos Ascenço
Introduction: The Mpox virus was discovered in 1958 in non-human primates and later identified in a 9-year-old child in the Democratic Republic of Congo, remaining restricted to the African continent and primarily affecting children. In 2022, it crossed borders and was associated with outbreaks in different countries, with a different clinical and epidemiological profile than what had been observed, this time affecting Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM), with genital and anal lesions and disproportionately affecting People Who Live with HIV (PLHIV). The main objective of this study was to compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients coinfected with Mpox/HIV/AIDS with those infected only with Mpox. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. All confirmed cases of Mpox from patients residing in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between the months of June 2022 and June 2023 were included for analysis. The patients were divided into 3 groups, those with only Mpox, those with Mpox and HIV, and those with Mpox and AIDS, subsequently comparing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Results: Of a total of 398 confirmed cases, 223 (52%) were in PLHIV, of these 14 (6%) were in the AIDS phase. There were 175 cases in patients with only Mpox and of these, only 37 (21.14%) were using PrEP for HIV. Different clinical characteristics were identified between the groups, with statistical significance for Localized Lymphadenopathy found more frequently in the group with only Mpox and Genital Lesions being observed more commonly in cases with Mpox/AIDS. The presence of coinfection with another STI occurred more frequently in Mpox/HIV, with syphilis being the most common STI. Finally, all cases evolved to cure. Conclusions: The Mpox outbreak affected PLHIV in Goiânia more frequently, who more commonly presented another STI, greater genital involvement, and a lower proportion of localized lymphadenopathy and among the patients infected with only Mpox a very low proportion was using PrEP for the HIV virus, differing from what is found in developed countries.
Prevalência das infecções por Papilomavírus humano e soropositividade de Chlamydia trachomatis em mulheres portadoras de neoplasias cervicais na região central do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-24) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos , Silvia Helena Rabelo do; Alves, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo; Alves, Maria de Fátima Costa
High-risk papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. However, the presence of singly HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient for cervical carcinogenesis, and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) may increase the risk of cervical neoplasia. The significance of the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections in the development of cervical neoplasias has been investigated and the more consistent data have pointed to an association with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). However, the exact relationship between C. trachomatis and HPV infection remains not completely understood. It is possible that C. trachomatis infection may be an independent factor or cofactor for HPV in the development of cervical neoplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis in HPV-positive women correlating with the severity of cervical neoplasia in central area of Brazil. Methodology: A total of 131 women referred to colposcopic clinic, in Goiás, Brazil because of an abnormal cervical smear were included in the study. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction using PGMY09/PGMY11 primers, and genotyping was performed by reverse dot blot hybridization. Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was evaluated using ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies. Results: The total prevalence of HPV infection was 86.3% (113/131). Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was 26% (34/131). Thirty one women (27.4%; 31/113) tested simultaneously positive for C. trachomatis and HPV. Of these, 12.9% (4/31) tested negative at histology, while 87.1% (27/31) tested positive for CIN and invasive carcinomas. The most prevalent HPV type in the C. trachomatis seropositive women was HPV 16 (51.6%; 16/31) and in these women, this type was present in 50% (2/4) of cases negative, 33.3% (3/9) of cases CIN1, 53.3% (8/15) of cases CIN2/CIN3 and 100% (3/3) of cases invasive carcinoma. Taking as reference cases negative for HPV/ C. trachomatis, the positivity for HPV/ C. trachomatis was significantly associated with CIN 2 or worse diagnostic, especially the types 16 and 18. A borderline significance was observed when the reference was HPV positive and C. trachomatis negative cases. There was a borderline significance between other types of HPV and positivity for C. trachomatis with neoplastic diagnosis considering as reference HPV/ C. trachomatis negative cases. Conclusions: C. trachomatis seropositivity was associated with severity of cervical neoplasia in women HPV positives. Then, it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of C. trachomatis which may have synergistic pathological effects.
Associação entre tipos específicos de HPV e carga viral com a gravidade da neoplasia cervical
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-20) Guimarães, Narriman Kennia da Silva Barros; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos, Silvia Helena rabelo dos; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa; Val, Isabel Cristina Chulvis do; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a rare consequence and developed long term from a infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are factors related to the acquisition of infection and its persistence that increase the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. The type-specific viral infection and higher viral loads values appear to be related to persistence of virus and progression of neoplasia and therefore with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Objectives: To identify the specific types of HPV in different age groups as well as the importance of viral load of HPV 16 with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, included women referred to the Hospitals Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia and Hospital Mother and Child, by presenting changes in routine cytological examination. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization assay. A total of 331 women with cytological diagnosis were selected, 238 of them with histological diagnosis. After PCR for HPV, 58 women were excluded for being HPV negative. In the 273 HPV-positive women an analysis of the association between HPV types and risk of severity of cytological diagnosis by age group was carried out in the following categorization: <30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥ 50 years. To evaluate the association between viral load values with severity of cytological and histological diagnosis, 77 women HPV 16 positive by PCR in real time were selected. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 82.5%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type representing 44.7% of cases. Infections by HPV 16 and / or 18 were significantly associated with both the cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR: 2.12 95% CI 0.98 to 4.59) and either with the histological diagnosis of CIN 2 or more severe (OR: 3.21 95% CI 1.21 to 8.59) lesions in women younger than 30 years. The cytological diagnosis of HSIL or more severe lesions (OR 4.59, 95% CI: 1.4 to 15.49, p = 0.004) and histological diagnosis of high-grade neoplasia (≥ CIN 2) (OR 6.51; 95% CI: 2.9 to 20.92, p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with higher viral load values in women infected with HPV 16. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that infection with HPV 16 and / or 18 in young women can quickly lead to the formation of more severe lesions and high viral loads resulting from infection by HPV 16 are associated with the severity of cervical neoplasia.
Meta-análise transcricional de indivíduos vacinados contra malária
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-06) Guimarães, Tiago Paiva; Gardinassi, Luiz Gustavo Araujo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8922981412535108; Gardinassi, Luiz Gustavo Araujo; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Almeida, Gregório Guilherme
Malaria causes over 600,000 deaths annually, with the vast majority of fatalities resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection. This disease remains a major humanitarian problem across tropical regions of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where most deaths occur among pregnant women, newborns, and children under five. Currently, only two vaccines against P. falciparum are recommended by the World Health Organization: RTS,S/AS01 and, more recently, R21/Matrix-M. Multiple studies involving different vaccines (RTS,S, PfRAS, PvRAS) have evaluated the transcriptome of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These data are available in public repositories such as the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and can be repurposed for new analyses. Objectives. Our primary goal is to identify a set of genes associated with the immune response induced by vaccination, using multiple cohorts and different vaccines. We aim to identify both a unified signature and a signature specific to the RTS,S vaccine, then compare the two to analyze similarities and differences. Methodology. We identified 14 datasets in public repositories, totaling 2,054 samples and over 3 TB of data volume. We conducted three metaanalyses: one using pre-vaccination samples, another combining pre- and post-vaccination samples, and a third focusing exclusively on cohorts that used the RTS,S vaccine. Our results were generated using tools such as MetaIntegrator, an R programming language package, to identify differential gene expression across groups. Results. We found that prevaccination gene expression could not predict vaccine efficacy, as differences in expression between protected and nonprotected individuals prior to vaccination were minimal. Subsequent analyses suggest that a pre-vaccination transcriptional profile associated with lymphocytes correlates with protection. In the second meta-analysis, comparing pre- and post-vaccination samples, we identified a unified transcriptional signature of malaria vaccination. The results demonstrate robust activation of myeloid cell-mediated inflammatory responses and interferons, alongside increased expression of genes related to antigen presentation and blood coagulation. In our final meta-analysis, using only RTS,S vaccine cohorts with different adjuvants, we identified a vaccine-specific signature. Conclusion. We identified a signature specific to the RTS,S vaccine and observed that while there is overlap between its gene components and the unified signature of all vaccines, significant differences remain, which are only captured when other vaccines are included in the meta-analysis. We conclude that transcriptomic meta-analyses hold translational potential to enhance vaccine monitoring and efficacy.
Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c em indivíduos portadores de doenças oncohematológicas em Goiânia-GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-29) Marinho, Tássia Augusto; Arantes, Adriano de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2074071976957154; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Bringel, Regina Maria; Ferreira, Renata Carneiro
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 350 million people die each year from liver complications related to infection. HCV, as well as hepatotropic can infect and replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells can induce a weak disorder oncohematológica. As the etiology of most diseases oncohematológicas is still unknown, some authors have suggested the role of this virus in the genesis of lymphomas. This study aimed to investigate the profile seroepidemiological study of hepatitis C infection in patients with disorder oncohematologicas attended at two hospitals in reference to the treatment of these diseases (Hospital Araújo Jorge e Hospital das Clínicas) in Goiânia, Goiás. A total de 350 individuals were recruited in hospitals, from june/2011 to february/2012 (Hospital Araújo Jorge) and June/August/2012 (Hospital das Clínicas) were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The HCV infection prevalence was 0.86% (95% CI: 0.22 to 2.7) in patients with diseases oncohematológicas. The viral RNA was detected in 0.57% (2/3) of anti-HCV positive samples, and the genotype/subtype 1b, were identified in the study population. Risk characteristics, reported by individuals anti-HCV positive, use non-injecting drug use, blood transfusion before 1994, tattooing, surgery and multiple sexual partners. This research showed low prevalence of hepatitis C in the population studied. However, epidemiological investigations are relevant for analyze the effectiveness of intervention measures for control and prevention of this infection.
Prevalência global e em Goiás das infecções pelos vírus linfotrópicos T humanos 1 e 2 em imigrantes e refugiados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-10) Marinho, Thaís Augusto; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Freitas, Nara Rúbia de; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Nascimento, Laura Branquinho do; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra
Introduction: The international migration of endemic populations for human Tlymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) can play a significant role in introducing these viruses in non-endemic territories. Objectives: To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among immigrants and refugees in Goiás State and the seropositivity rates for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, analyze factors related to HTLV-1/2 infection, and describe the risk behaviors/practices reported by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 seropositive individuals. In addition, we estimate the global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees, and also identify potential variables as sources of heterogeneity between the studies analyzed. Methods: Article 1 - Crosssectional study with 537 international migrants in the State of Goiás. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data and risk behaviors for HTLV-1/2 infection between July 2019 and May 2021, and serum samples from 528 migrants were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HTLV-1/2 reactive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (LIA). Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Article 2 – Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies on HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 infections among immigrants and refugees worldwide. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library (VHL) were searched from the inception of studies published until January 06, 2023. A meta-analysis using a generalized mixed linear model with random effect was performed for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the effect of decade of study, sample size, confirmatory methods, region of study, risk group, and region of origin on prevalence. Results: Article 1 - The majority of participants were Venezuelan (47.9%) and Haitian (39.7%); 50.1% were immigrants, 49% refugees and five were Brazilian children (0.9%) born to Haitian immigrant parents. The overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.95% (95% CI: 0.31- 2.28), HTLV-1 (0.19%) and HTLV-2 (0.76%). All seropositive individuals (n = 5) were refugees from Venezuela, resulting in a rate of 2.26% for anti-HTLV-1/2, HTLV-1 (0.45%) and HTLV-2 (1.81%) among Venezuelan refugees. Unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner (≥2) in the previous 12 months were factors related to HTLV-1/2 seropositivity among Venezuelans. Reporting of having been breastfed for more than six months and unprotected sex with one or two partners were risk characteristics observed in seropositive individuals. Article 2 – Of a total of 381 records initially identified, 21 studies were included. The global prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was 1.28% (95% CI: 0.58-2.81) and 0.11% (95% CI: 0.04-0.33), respectively. HTLV-1 prevalence differed significantly by region of origin, with the highest prevalence among those from the Western Pacific Region (7.27%; 95% CI: 2.94- 16.83). In the subgroup analysis, significant differences were also observed between the estimates of HTLV-1 infection considering the decade of study, sample size, and regionof study. For HTLV-2, significant differences were noted in relation to sample size, confirmatory methods, and risk group. Conclusions: The results show that the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among international migrants in Goias State is low; however, the seropositivity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 indicates the circulation of these viruses in Venezuelan refugees; also pointing out the importance of sexual transmission of HTLV-1/2 in addition to the report of breastfeeding for more than six months by seropositive individuals. The systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that, despite the heterogeneity observed, the HTLV-1 prevalence among immigrants and refugees is higher than HTLV-2. The high prevalence of HTLV-1 found, particularly among those from the Western Pacific Region, suggests that targeted serological screening of international migrants from HTLV-1 endemic regions could be a significant public health intervention for this infection control in immigrant and refugee-receiving non-endemic countries. Relevance and Impact: This study characterizes immigrants and refugees as vulnerable to HTLV-1/2 infection, highlighting the importance of developing public health policies focusing on prevention and control of this infection in international migrants.
Prevalência e fatores associados aos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-03) Pedroso, Charlise Fortunato; Guimarães , Rafael Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7847112412490217; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Afonso, Eliane Terezinha; Vieira, Maria Aparecida da Silva; Cavalcante , Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer; Vieira, Nayara Figueiredo
Title: Prevalence and factors associated with disease risk behaviors non-communicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil Introduction: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excess weight are highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and can contribute to the development of NCDs and premature mortality in the adult. Objective: Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk behaviors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, baseline study population, which used as a data source the National Health Survey conducted in 2019. The population analyzed were teenagers and young people aged 15 to 24. The data were collected through individual interviews during home visits, through a standardized form. The dependent variables included the main risk factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). The demographic variables and socioeconomic variables were used as independent. Multiple regression models Poisson were applied to investigate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The PNS 2019 was approved by the National Ethics Commission in Research (opinion: 3,529,376). Results: 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women). Regardless of gender, the most common risk factors prevalent were the nonrecommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (92.6%) and physical inactivity during leisure time (43.3%). The prevalence of tobacco smokers, consumption of alcoholic drinks once or more a month and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, 18.5%, respectively. The prevalence of regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was 17.2%. The prevalence of excess weight was 32.5%. Compared to women, men had a higher prevalence of smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages once or more a month, abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables and consumption of ultra-processed. On the other hand, women had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time and being overweight. Young adults, males and individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and Residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. risk. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of risk factors in adolescents and young Brazilian adults, mainly among young men and women individuals with less education, of black race/color, with lower family income and residents of urban areas. These results indicate the need for policies to reduction in the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. Relevance and impact: This is the first comprehensive study that estimated the prevalence and factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescents and adults young people, including the non-student population. The results of the study can support specific actions for this population within the Strategic Action Plan for the Coping with Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil 2021-2030 of the Ministry of Health, including intensification of health promotion actions and disease prevention in subpopulations with a higher prevalence of risk factors.
Avaliação da resposta imune celular a antígenos recombinantes do Mycobacterium leprae e potencial aplicação para o diagnóstico da hanseníase paucibacilar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-06-30) Sampaio, Lucas Henrique Ferreira; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5581414958714905; Stefani, Mariane Martins de Araújo; Grossi, Maria Aparecida Faria; Moraes, Mílton Osório; Kipinis, Ana Paula Junqueira; Araújo Filho, João Alves de
Title: The evaluation of cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae recombinant antigens and potential application for the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy. Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease that is characterized by a spectrum of dermato-neurological manifestations associated with different patterns of immune responses. At one end of the spectrum paucibacillary patients (PB) which include tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients mount a strong cellular immune response. On the extreme multibacillary (MB) patients including borderline-borderline (BB), borderline-lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) forms, respond to infection with vigorous antibody production. The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical manifestations hampering the early diagnosis before the onset of sequelae. The development laboratory tests applicable for early leprosy diagnosis is considered essential to reduce possible sources of transmission and the number of patients with physical disabilities. Methods: This work investigated the immune reactivity of a panel of 41 M. leprae (ML) recombinant proteins. The immune reactivity to ML proteins was evaluated by the production of IFNy, measured by ELISA, in the supernatants of 24 hours cultures of heparinized whole blood (whole blood assays/WBA) stimulated with ML antigen (10ug/ml). Study groups were leprosy patients both PB (TT / BT) and MB (BL / LL), newly diagnosed, untreated, classified according to Ridley and Jopling criteria. Household contacts of MB patients (HHC), HIV-1 negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and healthy individuals from the same endemic area (EC) were also investigated. In silico predictions were used to investigate the level of identity of the ML proteins with counterparts in other mycobacteria and to assesse the presence of potential T cell epitopes. For a selected group of immunogenic and specific ML antigens, the profile of 14 cytokines/chemokines induced in WBA was also investigated by Multiplex plataform. Results and Conclusions: The WBA results identified 11 out of 41 M. leprae recombinant proteins (ML0405, ML2055, ML2331, ML0840, ML1623, ML1556, MLI632, ML1685, ML0276, ML2044, 46f) that were classified as immunogenic and capable of inducing specific cellular immune response. These ML antigens were considered to have potential application for the development of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PB leprosy. The same pattern of immunoreactivity identified among PB leprosy patients was observed among HHC, while MB leprosy, TB patients and healthy individuals did not respond to these antigens. In silico predictions of immunogenicity and specificity were not confirmed by ex vivo WBA results. The multiplex cytokine study with a selected group of ML antigens showed that besides IFNy, patients with PB leprosy produce other cytokines characteristic of Th1 cells (IL-2 and IL-12). Nevertheless these results that IFNy remained the best immunological marker of cellular immune response of PB patients to recombinant M. leprae proteins. MB leprosy patients secrete mainly Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in response to recombinant ML proteins. None of the 14 cytokines/chemokines analyzed in the multiplex was able to distinguish the cellular immune responses of PB patients from the majority of HHC. Although the majority of HHC response identically to PB, we observed that some individuals at greater risk of leprosy infection can mount a Th2 response, similar to MB patients.
Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS-CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-25) Santos, Mateus Silva; Souza, Ueric José Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340952274603852; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima dias e; Oliveira, Lucas Nojosa; D’Alessandro, Walmirton Bezerra
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with COVID-19 is one of the greatest global public health challenges, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in different age groups, with some population segments being more affected. The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Omicron, is a reflection of selective advantage, translated as greater transmissibility and the ability to replicate in people previously exposed to the virus. In Brazil, the variant was very prominent, even when the numbers of immunized individuals were already high. Therefore, this research aims to promote an epidemiological and molecular study on the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Tocantins. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted using SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Tocantins (LACEN-TO). The samples were sequenced and taken to experiments in order to verify the quality of the sequencing, detect possible mutations and identify the main variants of concern. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to observe the degree of dispersion of the most predominant variant in the state of Tocantins. Results: In the present study, 556 samples positive for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 were used. Among the results, it was observed that the state of Tocantins presented, during the study period, about 39 lineages of the Omicron variant, some of which were associated with a higher transmissibility rate. The biggest highlight was the XBB.1.18.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, being one of the main circulating in Tocantins in 2023. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the state may have contributed to the dispersion of the subvariants not only in Brazil but also in the world. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of the Omicron variant in Tocantins between December 2021 and June 2023, in addition to showing that the state may have contributed to the spread of the XBB.1.18.1 subvariant in Brazil. Relevance and impact: It is worth noting that due to the high frequency of mutations of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance is necessary to identify possible new entries of the virus not only in the northern Brazilian state but also throughout the country.
Desigualdades na epidemiologia do câncer colorretal no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-07) Schaedler, Anelise Camila; Oliveira, Max Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699001066097321; Oliveira, Max Moura de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Iser, Betine Pinto Mochlecke
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers worldwide, affecting over 1,931,590 people annually. Social determinants of health related to the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have been analyzed, revealing higher incidence rates in socioeconomically favorable regions, while mortality rates are higher in low- and middle-income regions. Objective: To analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) of colorectal cancer in Brazil and its Federative Units, correlating them with socioeconomic indicators.Methodology: This is an ecological study, with a time series analysis of incidence, mortality, DALY, and prevalence rates of CRC in individuals aged 30 years and older. The corrected and estimated data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 19 (GBD19) for Brazil, by Federative Unit (FU) and sex, from 1990 to 2019, were used. Agestandardized rates were calculated using the GBD19 standard population. Indicator trends were estimated using the average annual percent change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by joinpoint regression. Pearson's correlation was used to correlate the indicators with the Human Development Index, using the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) obtained from GBD19. Results: The analysis of age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants showed an increase in all states, regardless of sex, from 1990 to 2019, with the following changes: incidence from 23.8 (1990) to 35.48 (2019), prevalence from 167.7 (1990) to 319.98 (2019), mortality from 41.74 (1990) to 49.14 (2019), and DALY from 934.4 (1990) to 1,109.35 (2019). The highest incidence and prevalence trends were observed in the North and Northeast macroregions and among males. Mortality and DALY trends showed predominantly higher rates among men in all Federative Units (except the Federal District) and remained stable among women. Correlation analysis between SDI and CRC showed a positive association with incidence and a negative association with mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Conclusion: The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of colorectal cancer were found to be high throughout the country, which can be explained by Brazil being a developing nation with increasing urbanization and greater access to risk factors. Rates are predominantly higher in more developed Federative Units where Westernized diets are already prevalent in the food routines of these groups. The high incidence trends in less favored regions may be due to the urbanization process, which is making previously absent risk factors more accessible over the years. Another reason could be the amplification of healthcare assistance in these regions, resulting in an increase in the reporting of new cases. The elevated mortality and DALY trends in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions may be related to the lack of public policies for prevention, screening, and treatment in these specific populations. Based on these findings, this study reinforces the importance of creating and implementing public health policies targeting highrisk groups for prevention and screening. Relevance and Impact: Colorectal cancer is a current public health issue worldwide. This study contributes to the epidemiological update of this cancer in Brazil, highlighting its relevance within the Brazilian context. The findings can contribute to prioritizing public health policies aimed at cancer prevention and control.
Formulação de Metarhizium humberi à base de cera de carnaúba e terra diatomácea para controle focal de Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-29) Seabra, Andressa Kristiny Lemes; Rodrigues Filho, Juscelino; Luz, Wolf Christian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1104009511235835; Luz, Wolf Christian; Muniz, Elen Regozino; Arruda, Walquíria
Introduction: Metarhizium humberi is an entomopathogenic fungus that shows promising activity in the biological control of Aedes aegypti, a vector of arboviruses. Stressful environmental conditions, such as low relative humidity (RH), hinder the insecticidal action of M. humberi. Additives in conidial formulations (C) aim to improve the insecticidal activity of this fungus. Carnauba wax powder (CC) as an additive aims to increase the contact of C on the cuticle, and diatomaceous earth (DE) causes abrasion damage to the vector's epicuticle. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a dry formulation for controlling A. aegypti. Materials and Methods: To this end, the in vitro germination of C with CC and/or ED was evaluated, as well as the potential of CC and DE as additives in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. For in vitro germination tests, C was mixed with CC and/or TD and exposed to 25°C, 43%, 75%, >98% RH and 12 h photophase for 14 days. In in vivo tests: in the greenhouse, adults were exposed to CC and/or ED mixed or not with C for 60 minutes. They were then incubated at 25ºC, 75% RH or >98% RH and 12-hour photophase. For tests in screened cages, adults were exposed to spreading devices with CC and/or ED mixed or not with C. In semifield tests, adults exposed to spreading devices with C, C+CC+DE and control in rainy or dry seasons. For all in vivo tests, mortality was quantified over 15 days. In field tests, dissemination devices with CC+ED and control were placed in four peridomiciliary sites in Goiânia, GO, Brazil, and at the end of each repetition the devices were reviewed and the number of eggs quantified. Results: In the in vitro tests C with CC and/or DE exposed to 43, 75 and >98% RH, had a significant difference in the mean germination in relation to the relative humidities (number of germinated conidia 43% < 75% > 98% RH). Exposure time (14 days) did not affect germination. In laboratory tests at 75% RH, on the 10th day mortality in C (58%) was lower than in C+CC+DE (73%). In the semi-field, mortality in the rainy season for C+CC+DE was 73%, and in the control 17%. In the dry season, C+CC+DE mortality was 92%, C 81% and control 45%. In the field, the number of eggs varied between 84 and 2221 eggs. Conclusions: The additives CC and DE can be used in a formulation with C of M. humberi. CC was not toxic to adults and the C+CC+DE formulation was promising in the dry season. Relevance and impact: The knowledge resulting from this study represents an important advance in the development of an effective and sustainable dry formulation for biological control, contributing to the emergence of new approaches to controlling A. aegypti, a vector with a major impact on tropical medicine and public health.

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