Mestrado em Física (IF)

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Éxcitons em semicondutores magnéticos diluídos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-02) ALVES, Erivelton de Oliveira; SOUZA, Márcio Adriano Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2980610890056479
We investigate the resonant tunneling of electrons and holes in an asymmetric double quantum bit CdTe / CdMnTe in the presence of electric and magnetic fields applied along the growth direction. We show that in this case it is possible to achieve a condition of simultaneous resonant tunneling of electrons and holes with spin set, ie, a resonant tunneling of excitons polarized. Then we calculated the excitonic binding energy as a function of applied fields, showing the strong dependence of the binding energy with the tunneling of carriers. The electronic structure was calculated using the k ~ ~ p multiband Kane model. The eigenstates were obtained by solving numerically the equations ° C ~ the effective mass using the method of inverse power. The effects of lattice strain were treated by the Bir-Pikus model. The energy calculation of excitonic Dial-Up was conducted using the variational method. We consider the perfectly abrupt interfaces of the heterostructures, ie effects of enlargement of the interfaces were neglected.
Estudos da sinterização de Bi12TiO20 (BTO) visando obter cerâmicas transparentes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-16) AMARAL, Thiago Martins; CARVALHO, Jesiel Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841291496427516
This work presents the systematic results of studies concerning the sintering of the Bi12TiO20 (BTO) aiming the production of transparent ceramic samples. All that because the BTO is a material that has great scientific and technologic visibility due to its optical, electro and electro-optical properties, but still little explored as ceramic. The sintering starting material was obtained by solid state reaction between Bi2O3 e TiO2; the synthesized BTO was grinded in ball milling until sub micrometric sizes. The conditions for preparing green samples were also investigated, allowing samples with green relative density between 58% and 62%, with uniaxial and isostatic pressing techniques. The study of the sintering process involved different sintering programs, under different atmospheres conditions and additive utilization. Optimized conditions were established and the limiting factors discussed. The quality of the obtained ceramics was assessed by their final relative density, phase homogeneity, microstructure and optical properties (transmission, optical activity and electro-optical performance). Samples with relative density above 99,9% and 50% of the monocrystal´s optical transmission in the 633 nm wavelength and equal optical activity were obtained. Nevertheless, the ceramics still show scattering centers and none liquid electro-optical effect was observed.
Estudo de encapsulação de nanopartículas magnéticas em nanoporos de alumina.
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-26) BRANQUINHO, Luis Cesar; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
In this work we investigated the encapsulation of magnetite nanoparticles into the nanopores of anodic alumina membranes using atomic force microscopy (AFM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron magnetic resonance (EMR). Three biocompatible magnetic fluids, with different nanoparticle diameters, stably dispersed in water at physiological conditions, were used. The nanoparticles were obtained through the coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, from which we obtained the nanoparticle size and confirmed the crystal structure. The Scherrer´s relation revealed a nanoparticle diameter of 10.1nm, 12.3nm and 13.8nm. The alumina membrane were prepared through anodization process. The nanopores were arranged on a hexagonal lattice with an alumina thickness of 4 μm, a distance between pores (center to center) of 105 nm, and samples containing nanopores with diameter of 35 nm or 80 nm. The method of encapsulation of nanoparticles consisted of depositing a drop of magnetic fluid into the surface of alumina. The fluid enters the nanopores through capillarity carrying the nanoparticles into it. AFM images prove that we had success in encapsulating nanoparticles only for the alumina samples with nanopores with a size of 80 nm. Magnetization data of the alumina sample containing nanoparticles with a diameter of 13.8nm encapsulated into nanopores of 80 nm, revealed an increase, with respect to the first procedure of encapsulation, of 48 % of the nanoparticles internalized into the nanopore after the second process of encapsulation. Further, different from all the samples investigated, EMR data for the alumina containing nanopores of 80 nm and nanoparticles of 13.8 nm, after the first procedure of encapsulation, had shown perpendicular magnetization with respect to the alumina surface. The EMR spetra were curve fitted using two Gaussian lines, one representing the nanoparticles with magnetization parallel to the surface and the other perpendicular. AFM images suggest, in our sample, that residues on the alumina surface are responsible for the parallel component. The magnetic resonance field data, for the perpendicular contribution, were analyzed taking into account in the energy density terms with uniaxial and cubic symmetry. The uniaxial energy contribution had a term due to magnetic dipolar interaction, between nanoparticles forming a linear chain, a magnetostatic term, due to the nanostructures self-organization, and also a magnetoelastic contribution, which came from the stress generated by the packing of nanoparticles, whose origin were related to the dipolar interaction between nanoparticles forming the linear chain. Indeed, the theoretical analysis allowed us to conclude that the mean size of the chain could vary from 4 to 9.5 nanoparticles. Finally, after heating the alumina, at 300°C for one hour, which contained nanoparticles with a size of 10.1 nm, and dissolving it in NaOH aqueous solution, AFM data were obtained. The AFM images confirmed the existence of nanowires. The diameter distribution, obtained from the AFM images, were curve fitted with a lognormal distribution revealing a modal diameter for the nanowires of 25,8 0, ± 4nm and diameter dispersity of 0,30 ± 0,02nm .
Dinâmica molecular e particionamento do marcador de spin di-terc-butil nitróxido em membranas de estrato córneo. Efeito de Terpenos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-31) CAMARGOS, Heverton Silva de; ALONSO, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5013069863616789
Terpenes are a very promising class of skin penetration enhancers especially due to their low potential of irritation in the skin. In this work, we have used the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the small spin label di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DTBN), which partitions the aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, to study the interaction of the terpenes ®-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, L(-)-carvone and (+)-limonene with the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum, and the membrane models of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). The EPR spectra indicated that the terpenes increase both the partition coe±cient and the rotational di®usion rate of the spin labels in the stratum corneum membranes whereas for DMPC and DPPC bilayers were observed similar e®ects only at temperatures below the liquid-crystalline phase. The EPR parameter associated to probe polarity inside the membranes showed thermotropic induced changes, suggesting relocations of spin probe, which were dependent of the membrane phases. While DMPC and DPPC bilayers showed abrupt changes in the partitioning and rotational correlation time parameters at the phase transitions, the SC membranes were characterized by slights changes in whole interval of measured temperatures, presenting the greatest changes or membranes reorganizations in the temperature range of v50 to v74±C. The results suggest that the terpenes act as spacers that weaken the hydrogen-bonded network at the polar interface thus °uidizing the stratum corneum lipids and, in consequence, increase the permeation of small polar molecules across the membranes. 2
Monte Carlo quântico aplicado ao estudo do comportamento quântico-clássico do Neônio
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-20) CARVALHO, Thiago Milograno de; SILVA, Ladir Cândido da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7442411485710574
In this work we have applied Quantum Monte Carlo method at finite temperature known as Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) to study the quantum-classical behavior of the Neon. We have calculated the one body density matrix as well as the atomic momentum distribution which have shown to be significantly different from the classical Maxwell- Boltzmman distribution in the range of densities and temperatures studied. The deviations from a classical gaussian are substantial but it decreases as one goes to temperatures above T = 35 K or densities below p = 20 nm−3. Furthermore, at low temperature the results show that there are more low momentum atoms than in a classical gaussian distribution.
Crescimento de cristais de Bi2TeO5
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-30) FABRIS, Zanine Vargas; CARVALHO, Jesiel Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841291496427516
Bi2TeO5 (bismuth tellurite) crystals are photorefractive materials appropriate for permanent holographic recording. They are capable to retain a hologram for a long time, several years in the dark, without further fix processes. Just some groups around the world have grown bismuth tellurite single crystals even with their interesting properties. It may be caused by the relatively difficulty for grow this crystal, mainly due to the high vapor pressure of tellurium oxide and the easy crystal cleavage. The present work was dedicated to study the crystal growth process of Bi2TeO5 by Czochralski method in a low thermal gradient system. Tellurium oxide excess was used in the starting composition to compensate its lost during crystal growth, and also this starting material was previously synthesized by solid state reaction before fusion. We have performed tests with 1Bi2O3 : 1,03TeO2 and 1Bi2O3 : 1,10TeO2 liquid phase compositions. Also, we tried to use a double crucible configuration, with pure tellurium oxide between the walls. Pulling and rotate rates are critical parameters. Pulling and rotate rates of 0,1 to 0,4 mm/h and 10 to 15 rpm, respectively, were appropriated parameters for our growth system. Good size and crystalline quality crystals have been grown. We have obtained samples of sufficient quality to perform preliminary optical measurements and structural characterization.
Estudo da atividade antioxidante do 4-nerolidilcatecol por métodos analíticos e biofísicos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-17) FERNANDES, Kelly de Souza; ALONSO, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5013069863616789
NOTE: As programs do not copy or copy errors with certain symbols, formulas, formatting ... etc, to view the summary and the entire file, click rm PDF - dissertation at the bottom of the screen.
Ressonância Ferromagnética em Super-Redes NiFe/Ru
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-14) LANDI JUNIOR, Salmon; PELEGRINI, Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0159280600583768
The Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) technique was used to study the magnetic anisotropy of NiFe/Ru multilayers. The FMR spectra and absorption fields of multilayers with Ru layers thickness bellow 20 Å are the same as that of single monolayer films. Evidence of the coupling between the magnetic layers also is given by the fact that for the sample with Ru thickness equal to 7 Å, in normal configuration of the applied static field, spin-wave resonance modes also are excited by the microwave field. The interlayer coupling constant obtained is equal to 1, 1 £ 10¡7 erg/cm. For the set of samples with different NiFe thicknees, the analysis of the effective magnetic anisotropy in terms of volume and surface contributions, gives KV = 3, 4 £ 106 erg/cm3 and KS = 1, 2 erg/cm2.
Estudo de fases cristalinas no sistema Bi2O3-Tb4O7
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-25) MATOS, Lucyene Nascimento; CARVALHO, Jesiel Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841291496427516
A systematic study concerning the crystalline phases in the Bi2O3-rich region of the system Bi2O3-Tb4O7 was made. X-ray powder diffraction method, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used in the study of the obtained crystalline phases. Sixteen samples with composition in the range of 4.21 to 33.33 mol% of Tb4O7 were synthesized at 800oC by solid state reaction synthesis. Three distinct crystalline phases were initially identified: a tetragonal phase in the composition range of 4.21 to 5.69 mol% of Tb4O7, a cubic phase for compositions between 6.12 and 29.03 mol% of Tb4O7, and a monoclinic one with 33.33 mol% of Tb4O7. The thermal stability of these compositions was rigorously investigated and the results shown that they are metastable phases in almost all studied range. Under thermal annealing at 500oC, tetragonal phase undergoes decomposition into two phases, monoclinic and rhombohedral ones. The cubic phase, under the same thermal annealing, decomposes partially into a rhombohedral one, except for the interval between 25.0 and 29.1 mol% of Tb4O7. In this case, there was not decomposition under thermal annealing at 500oC during 373 hours, suggesting the cubic phase is stable in this composition range. The monoclinic phase was also tested concerning its thermal stability, but no phase transition was verified. The existence of a possible composition range in the system Bi2O3-Tb4O7 with stable cubic -Bi2O3 type structure is a new and promise result, because of the high ionic conductivity presented by this phase
Síntese e caracterização de compostos do sistema x/2 Al²O³-x/2 Y²O³ (100 - x) SiO² (x=10,20,30,40 e 50) dopados com Er³+ para aplicação em fotônica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-12-15) OLIVEIRA, Alexandre Miranda de; MAIA, Lauro June Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9454054374479016
This work is to study the crystallization of compounds in the form of post system alumina-yttria-silica prepared by sol-gel mixed methodology and Pechini. Powders (x / 2) Y ² ³ - (X / 2) Al ² O ³ - (1-x) SiO ² (x = 0.1 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mol) were doped with erbium prepared and characterized. The physical properties of composite SiO ² ¹ YO-, 5 - AlO ¹, 5 were studied by x-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and photoluminescence measurements. It was possible to maintain the amorphous compositions at high temperatures, no crystallization below 900 ° C and the formation of phase Y ² ² O7 Si at 1100 ° C. We obtained a reasonable life time of some compositions treated at 1000 ° C. We observed the emission of green upconversion to excite the samples with high power laser. All synthesized samples exhibit photoluminescence emission and have maximum emission at 1530 nm with a width of ~ 47nm. This broad issue is a desirable property for amplifiers used in systems division multiplexing wavelengths (WDM) and suggests that Er ³ + ions are hosted in the amorphous phase.
Espectro de Absorção da Orto-betaína em Água: um Estudo Teórico usando o Método Seqüencial Monte Carlo/Mecânica Quântica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-26) OLIVEIRA, Leonardo Bruno Assis; FONSECA, Tertius Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8193800922148980
Using sequential Monte Carlo simulation and quantum mechanics calculations(S-QM/MM) based on the TD-DFT methods we have been used to study the solvatochromic shift of the orto-betaine in water. Statistically uncorrelated configurations have been obtained from MC simulations with unpolarized and in-solution polarized solute. To account for the solute electronic polarization, we have used an iterative procedure based on the S-QM/MM methodology to determine the in-solution dipole moment of orto-betaine in presence of water molecules treated as point charges. MP2/cc-pVDZ calculations on the configurations bearing the orto-betaine molecule electrostatically embedded in the 320 water molecules show that the solute polarization increases the dipole moment of orto-betaine, compared to gas phase, by 49%, giving the in-solvent dipole values of 12.2 D. MC simulation results for the Helmholtz free energy as function of the torsion angle indicate that the mosts table conformer of the orto-betaine in water is that with an angle of 60o, after including solute polarization. The average number of solute-solvent hydrogen bonds was analyzed and it was found a large increase of 3,25 in polarized situation to only 1,82 in the unpolarized situation. Modeling the water molecules by point charges (electrostatic embedding), the results show that solvent effects on the absorption spectrum have a significant contribution of the electrostatic interactions. In comparison with the result of gas-phase, TD-BHandHLYP/6311+G(2d,p) calculations give for the π → π∗ electronic transition solvatochromic shifts of 0.42 eV and 0.90 eV for the unpolarized and polarized orto-betaine, respectively. The experimental spectral shift value of 0.90 eV is very well reproduced by the present theoretical results after including the solute polarization. The TD-B3LYP/6311+G(2d,p) model gives the corresponding value for the polarized orto-betaine of 0.52 eV which is an underestimated result in qualitative agreement with experiment. This study indicates that the inclusion of the solute polarization is important for a reliable description of the spectral shifts considered here.
Estudo do efeito de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis no sistema cardiovascular de ratos e investigação do processo de captura e exocitose das nanoestruturas por cardiomiócitos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-05-11) RAMALHO, Laylla Silva; CASTRO, Carlos Henrique de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6354834854727314; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
Magnetic fluids consist of surface-coated magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid carrier. These nanostructures have attracted a lot of attention of the biomedical community because of its possible applications as drug carriers, disease detection, and also on the treatment of several diseases, including cardiovascular ones. This work had the following objectives: (i) evaluate the effect ex-vivo of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles in the rat heart function and, in-vivo, in the arterial blood pressure and heart rate of the rats, as well as, (ii) investigate the endocytosis and exocytosis of the nanoparticles through a magnetophoresis technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light sacttering (DLS) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The cardiac function was evaluated by the Langendorf technique under constant flow. On the other hand, in order to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles in the cardiovascular parameters, femoral artery and vein were cannulated and arterial pressure and heart rate were measure after 24 hs. The magnetic fluid infusion in the isolated heart showed a tiny increase of the intraventricular diastólic pressure and a decrease of the intraventricular systolic pressure. No changes were observed in perfusion pressure. The infusion of the magnetic nanoparticles in the rats had not promoted any significant variations of the artery pressure or the heart rate. These results suggest that magnetic nanoparticles can be used on clinical trials. In addition, magnetophoresis experiments were preformed in order to investigate phenomenon associated to nanoparticles and dissociated cardiomyocytes interactions from rat heart. Different samples containing distinct particle sizes and coating layers were evaluated as function of incubation time. It was observed that, besides endocytosis (or adsorption), an exocytosis (or desorption) mechanism start to occur above a critical time. A mathematical model that takes into account both mechanisms were developed which, together with other works from the literature, allowed us to estimate the individual wrapping time of the nanoparticles. The results show a strong dependence upon nanoparticle diameter and corroborate with theoretical models of receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles.
Vetorização termoinduzida de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis: uma aplicação no recobrimento de Stents nus por via líquida
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-23) RODRIGUES, Harley Fernandes; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
In this work we developed a Dip Coating method that could control the temperature gradient between a substrate and the material that one wants to adsorb at its surface. In particular, the adsorption of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles at the surface of bare metal Stents, under different experimental conditions, was investigated. The magnetic nanoparticles consisted of magnetite coated with tripoliphosphate (mean diameter 7.68 nm and standard deviation 1.88 nm) dispersed in water at physiological conditions, while the Stent was a CoCr based-one (Cronus stent from Scitech with 16 mm length). Nine series of experiments were performed where it was controlled parameters as: time of adsorption, stent temperature and magnetic fluid temperature. The stents coated with nanoparticles were magnetically characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which allowed us to determine the number of nanoparticles at the stent surface. The increase of the magnetic moment of the stent with the increase of the adsorption time was theoretically modeled, with an excellent experimental agreement, as a transient diffusion process of nanoparticles at the interface stent-magnetic fluid, which clearly indicates an important diffusive contribution. Strong evidences of thermal diffusion (Soret effect), i.e. nanoparticle diffusion due to temperature gradient between the stent and the magnetic fluid, were shown, suggesting the possibility of nanostructures vectorization through thermal induced mechanisms. The spatial distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Spectroscopy by Dispersive Energy (EDS). Measurements of the compositional mapping and images of SEM revealed that the nanoparticles are not homogeneously distributed, being concentrated at the edges of the stents for the experimental conditions investigated in this work. As the VSM data, the EDS of the stents revealed an increase of the quantity of adsorbed magnetic nanoparticles at the surface with the increase of the adsorption time. The same theoretical model, know considering the amount of 26Fe in the chemical composition of the coated stent, was able to explain the experimental data. Finally, a comparison was made, using the compositional mapping study of the coated stents, between the Dip Coating and the Spray technique. The later showed a more homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent, suggesting that this technique is more adequate on the development of a biomedical nanoproduct for clinical tests.
Magnetostricção e Anisotropia Magnética de filmes de Cobalto em substratos de vidro e silício
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-09) SÁ, Luciano Vaz de; PELEGRINI, Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0159280600583768
The Ferromagnetic Resonance technique is used to study the magnetostriction and the magnetic anisotropy of cobalt thin films grown on glass and silicon substrates. The effective values of the magnetostriction and magnetic anisotropy constants obtained do not agree with known values in the literature, but show the viability of the experimental method used [with the film glued to a cantilever beam under stress] to study the magnetostriction of magnetic thin films.
Efeito magnetoforético aplicado à separação de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-13) SANTOS, Marcus Carrião dos; BAKUZIS, Andris Figueiroa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3477269475651042
In this work a magnetophoretic experiment (MPE) was developed to study the effect of a gradient of magnetic field in the diameter and size dispersivity of nanoparticles in a magnetic fluid (MF). In this experiment, the mass of a permanent magnet is measured by a balance which data varied due to the interaction with the magnetic fluid, which is placed a few centimeters above. Curves of variation of apparent mass of the magnet were obtained as function of time and related to the characteristics of fractions taken from the surface of the MF at different times. The MF consisted of magnetite nanoparticles surface-coated with phosphate. Samples were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterization was performed using x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Fractions of the MF were taken during the MPE at five different times. Those fractions were characterized by VSM, from which magnetic diameters were estimated. The magnetic diameters showed a decrease of nanoparticle size in the surface of the MF sample submitted to MPE for longer times of exposure to the field gradient. These same fractions were characterized by HR-TEM and histograms of nanoparticles size distribution were made. Studies of mean and modal (obtained by lognormal fit) diameters had confirmed the behavior indicated by the magnetic diameters showing a decrease of size as function of time. Studies of standard deviation and full width at half maximum (obtained by lognormal fit) had shown a decrease in dispersivity. However, studies of the σ factor were inconclusive, since no significant variations were found for nanoparticles at the experimental size range. Indeed, the MPE results had shown a variation of 16.02% in modal diameter (Dmodal), 14.63% in mean diameter, 30.90% in standard deviation e 33.33% in full width at half maximum between the original sample and the part which was exposed to gradient magnetic field by 60 hours, of fluid with largest initial diameter (Dmodal = 9.24±0.08 nm and σ=0.238±0.009). In addition magnetohyperthemia experiments at 300 kHz were obtained for each sample. Higher specific absorption rates were found for larger particle sizes, which have important applications for cancer treatment. Therefore, we concluded that the magnetophoretic experiment can be used to select the magnetic fluids properties, due to diameter and size standard deviation control, for several technological, environmental and biomedical applications.
Efeitos de solvente sobre propriedades elétricas de compostos mesoiônicos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-27) SANTOS, Orlei Luiz dos; FONSECA, Tertius Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8193800922148980
In this work we study the electric properties of mesoionic compounds in the gaseous phase in different solvents, with a special attention to the first hyperpolarizability (β ). The Hartree-Fock (HF) method and the second-order Møller Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) were used to describe the electronic structure. The solvent effects were modelled using the selfconsistent reaction field approach with the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) and the electric properties were calculated numerically with the finite field method and analytically with the coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock (CPHF) procedure. The results obtained show the importance of inclusion of the solvent effects with significant alteration in the values of the electric properties as compared with the results in the gaseous phase. Nevertheless, such properties are almost not affected by changes in the solvent polarity. Comparisons between the HF and MP2 results indicate that the first hyperpolarizability is particularly sensitive to the inclusion of the electron correlation effects. In addition, a substantial increase in the β values is observed with the incorporation of a strong electron acceptor group.
Estudo das propriedades magnéticas das ferritas ZnxMg1- xFe2O4 sintetizadas pelo método da reação de combustão
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-13) SILVA, Marcelo dos Santos; FRANCO JÚNIOR, Adolfo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0187547195548392
The ferrites have been studied systematically, due to their dielectric and magnetic properties, being used in various applications in industry such as core processors, catalysts. In this work, we synthesized and characterized ferrites ZNXMg(1-x) Fe2O4, where 0≤x≤0.8, by the method of combustion reaction. This method have been used to produce ferrites quickly and inexpensively for producing ferrites quickly and inexpensively. The following chemical were used in the synthesis: iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, magnesium nitrate Mg (NO3)3.6H2O, zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)3.6H2O and urea CO(NH2)2 as fuel. The obtained ferrites were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results of atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that the samples were synthesized with stoichiometry close to the calculated. The Xray diffraction showed that there was the formation of the spinel phase, typical of ferrites, the crystallite size varied from 37nm to x = 0.8 and 55 nm for x = 0.4. Infrared spectroscopy showed absorption bands typical of spinel type ferrites. The magnetic saturation, coercivity and remanent magnetization varied with the amount of zinc. The x=0,4 zinc ferrite had a maximum of magnetic saturation of 246.4 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.4 zinc. The value of coercivity and remnant magnetization decreased with the replacement of magnesium by zinc. The coercivity ranged from 82.0 (Oe) for x = 0,0 to 3.8 (Oe) for x = 0.8 and the remnant magnetization ranged from 17.0 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.0 to 0.3 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.8. The Curie temperature decreased with the replacement of magnesium by zinc, and the Curie temperature of ferrite, magnesium MgFe2O4, was 750 K.
Estudo estrutural de complexos de cobre (II) como modelos de sítios metálicos de enzimas com atividade oxidativa
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-24) SOUSA JÚNIOR, Joel Padilha de; SABINO, José Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9101677399031185
We present the structural study, by x-rays diffraction, of two forms on the crystalline and molecular structures of the metal-organic single-crystal compounds Dicloro[N- benzoyl-N´-(4-methylphenyl)-N´´-(2-pyridinyl)-guanidine)]copper(II). Such compound is known for the phenol oxidative catalictic bioactivity. The compound is a copper(II)-guanidine de- rivative complex. The main motivation of the present work is the polimorphism observed on such complex when the crystallization conditions are changed. The structures were sol- ved using the Direct Methods method and the structural parameters were refined with full matrix least-squares method. The copper(II) complex C19H22Cl2CuN4O crystallizes in the triclinic system in the P¯1 space group, with a single molecule in the assymetric unit and unit cell parameters: a = 8.616 (3) °A, b = 9.288 (3) °A, c = 13.623 (2) °A, α = 106.96 (2)o, β = 96.02 (3)o, γ = 100.60 (2)o, with volume 1010.3 (5) °A3 and calculated density of 1.528 Mgm−3. The same compound also crystallizes in the monoclinic system in the P21/n space group and unit cell parameters: a = 7.937 (2) °A, b = 18.727 (2) °A, c = 13.993 (2) °A, β = 102.03 (2)o, with volume 2034.2 (6) °A3 and calculated density 1.518 Mgm−3. The two isomeric molecules showed different conformations from one crystal packing to the other, due to the different intermolecular interactions. Given the different crystal packing and intermolecular interactions, we performed electronic structure calculations using the Density Functional Theory in order to derive the energetic differences, including calculations of dimers linked by hydrogen bonds, for evaluating the crystal packing influence on the complex stability in their crystal structures.
Modelo de Jaynes-Cummings completo de dois fótons: estudo e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-20) SOUZA, Alexandre Divino de; AVELAR, Ardiley Torres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5732286631137637; BASEIA, Basilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5804506385505435
In this work we have studied the two photon Jaynes-Cummings model to describe the interaction of a three-level atom in the configuration with a single-mode of a cativy-field. We have used the effetive and full microscopic Jamiltonian approach to compare the results obtained in these tow descriptions. We employed the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model int the full microscopic Hamiltonian context to implement schemes to quantuam entanglement swapping, for approximate and conditional quantuam teleportation for an unknown atomic state, for a superposition of zero- and two photon states. Both schemes were implemented using no measurement in the Bell base states.
Operador Deslocamento Condicional: Geração de Estados e Medida da Função de Wigner
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-24) SOUZA, Simone Ferreira; BASEIA, Basilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5804506385505435
We present a feasible proposal for the construction of the conditional displacement operator using a Kerr medium between two beam splitters fed from coherent states highly excited. The device allows the implementation of the generation of a new class of states the quantized electromagnetic field (arbitrary superpositions of states with states moved) and the measurement of the Wigner function for arbitrary states. The application special case of the number of states and study their nonclassical properties were also considered.

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