Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
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Item A Teoria Neutra pode explicar a diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos?(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-07) ALMEIDA, Mirian Cristina de; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648The generality of Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography was evaluated across its support for diversity structure of Odonata adults and predators, shredders and collectors insect guilds in streams. The evaluation of Neutral Theory was done in two levels of theory s hierarchical structure. One evaluation in the level of yours assumptions, the zero sum assumption, and other in the level of yours predictions to abundance models in communities and metacommunities, ZSM and logseries respectively. The variations predicted to ZSM abundance model, in accordance to dispersal limitation that community are subjected, was evaluated in insect guilds through the streams distance. In Odonata adults the dispersal limitation was evaluated indirectly through regional frequency of species body size. In this case, the ecological equivalence was restricted for body size guilds. Communities of Zygoptera adults have low density and richness within streams. Individuals distribution was grouped, not consistent to linear relation under zero sum assumption. Local abundance of Odonata adults and predators, shredders and collectors guilds didn t fit ZSM model. Geometric series models and logseries models were better in explain the abundance for all groups. Moreover, the occurrence of fit to these models isn t in according to dispersal limitation level that is expected in each region, not supporting the Neutral predictionsItem Análise da comunidade de peixes e da teia trófica de um trecho do rio corrente - go(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-07-18) ALOÍSIO, Gustavo Ribeiro; ANGELINI, Ronaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739463859587165In this work, fishes of Corrente river, affluent of Paranaíba River (Paraná basin, Brazil), were studied. Five surveys in the period of June of 2003 had been carried out until June of 2005. The sampling was executed in 8 points distributed in the stream, riverbed and lagoon. In each point had been used a set of gillnets with different mesh size (between 12 and 60mm opposite knots). The nets were inspected in the morning and the end of the day. The results had shown that 8 species were captured and the most abundant specie is Astyanax altiparanae; Shannon-Wienner index demonstrated diversity low; Morisita index indicated that there are high similarity between river, stream and lagoons; all species reproduce in the rainy season with exception of the Brycon nattereri; it is demonstrated the existence of piscivores species, herbivores, insectivores and detritus feeders.Item A dinâmica do fitoplâncton em uma várzea Amazônica variações sazonal e nictimeral (Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai Pará, Brasil)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-28) ALVES, Carla Patrícia Pereira; NOGUEIRA, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173The river-floodplain systems are environments submitted a lateral overflow of river channel due the rains and/or underground waters. They are controlled by the type of climate, morphology and local effects. The lowland lakes are also highly productive because of the rich sources of primary carbon. The sediments transport and suspended and dissolved matter are done by the rivers between the land and aquatic phases. These phases strongly influence nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production and decomposition. The phytoplankton dynamics in tropical floodplain lakes is as variable as the seasonal and isolation patterns of flooding. For this reason, the aims of this work were i) to assess the rotation influence of potamophase and limnophase upon the phytoplankton of the Curuai Lake (PA, Brazil) and about the connectivity between other lakes, and ii) to evaluate the phytoplankton dynamics in a nictemeral cycling related to changes in CO2 in water, and what phytoplankton groups which were most important in this process. The phytoplankton community and environmental variables of the floodplain lakes of the Curuai Lake were sampled in the potamophase and limnophase (2009) and in a nictemeral cycling (2010). The informations summarized were obtained through the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS). The community structure was different among the periods with greater richness, density and phytoplanktonic biovolume in limnophase. There was predominance of Cryptophyceae (mainly Cryptomonas brasiliensis Castro, Bicudo & Bicudo) in potamophase and Cyanophyceae [Dolichospermum circinalis (formerly Anabaena circinalis) (Rabenh. ex Bornet et Flah.) Wacklin et al.] in limnophase, both influenced by environmental variables. In addition, the high phytoplanktonic biomass was favored by the highs temperatures and also responsible by the CO2 depletion in water caused by photosynthesis, which is reflected for the high carbon content in phytoplankton organisms. Despite the entry of water in the floodplain that connects the lakes, these environmental were distinct in relation a phytoplankton composition and a limnological variables. The phytoplanktonic community in Curuai Lake showed daily variation of biovolume because of high temperature and light availability. The development of persistent cyanobacteria bloom, with species predominance of Dolichospermum genius [functional group H1, D. spiroides (formerly A. spiroides) (Klebahn) Wacklin et al.] and Microcystis protocystis Crow (functional group M) caused the CO2 depletion in lake surface layer during the period of increased photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria bloom occurred mainly due to the attributes of group, which became it expressive competitors in relation another microalgae ones.Item Ecologia reprodutiva de Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) em fragmentos de Cerrado do Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-31) ELIAS, Marcos Antonio da Silva; FRANCESCHINELLI, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904Habitat fragmentation is one of the main causes of environmental degradation and a great threat to world biodiversity. Fragmentation can disrupt pollination processes, affecting directly or indirectly pollinators and plants. In Brazil, the Cerrado Biome has lost most part of its vegetation cover in the last four decades, becoming a highly fragmented landscape with many small fragments, several medium-size and a few continuous areas of vegetation. Those remnants have high biological diversity with high level of endemism, but very little is known about the reproductive success of their species. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schletdl. (Annonaceae) occurs in the Cerrado of Central Brazil, has dicogamy and is pollinated by small beetle called Lobiopa insularis. The reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the abundance of its pollinator were analyzed in fragment of different size from July 2009 to January 2010. The reproductive success was estimated using fruit and seed set rates. Flowers in anthesis were collected to quantify the pollinator abundance inside them. A positive correlation between reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the fragment size was found. However, no correlation was found between pollinator abundance and fragment size. The small fragments are more isolated than the larger ones. This can decrease the pollinator dispersion and gene flow among fragments, increasing inbreeding within population of small fragments. The abundance of Lobiopa insularis seems to be more related to its generalist habits than to the fragment size. In our study, the effect of fragment size and reproductive success of C. calophyllum was stronger in fragments smaller than 10 ha. However, fragment smaller than 20 ha also showed decrease in their productive success.Item Grandes rios e a distribuição de Odonata na Amazônia: similaridade de composição, limitação à dispersão e endemismo.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-15) JUEN, Leandro; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648The forests of Amazon Basin contain the most part of species diversity in the world. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin and maintenance of this great diversity, based mainly in mechanisms of migration, speciation and environmental constraints imposed by environment to the organisms. One of these hypotheses is the Theory of River Hypothesis, proposed by Alfred Russell Wallace during his studies in the Neotropical region, which relates variation in species richness with large rivers, suggesting that these rivers serve as a barrier preventing the dispersal of organisms. Thus, this study aimed to know the distribution and pattern of species diversity of Odonata community present in the interfluve areas of large rivers of Amazon Basin, and evaluate if this distribution corresponds to the Theory of Rivers Hypothesis, testing 1) the relative importance of the biogeographic history and of ecological hypotheses to explain the endemism patterns in interfluve areas of Amazonian biome in Brazil; 2) if the pattern of species distribution in interfluve areas of large Amazonian rivers is supported by the Theory of Rivers Hypothesis; and 3) the relative importance of spatial and environmental features in variation of adult Odonata community composition. To test this, were carried out samplings in 92 igarapés distributed in five interfluve regions, and occurrence data of species based in recent literature compilations, museums and other studies carried out in the region were also collected. Results showed that: 1) the environmental similarity can be considered the main feature in the Odonata distribution, possibly due to environmental specificity developed during the long history of some clades in this system. The group with the smaller dispersal ability, Zygoptera, retained more biogeographic information on possible historical features that determine the current distribution. The great vagility of Anisoptera may have facilitated the crossing of rivers. The transport of larvae through macrophyte banks, the lateral change of river course and the inversion of basin drainage system can be explanations for the absence of isolation effect on species groups studied. 2) Rivers did not show any effect of dispersal barrier to the distribution of species, probably because of the dispersal ability of species, mainly Anisoptera, together with the lateral migration of river channels, macrophyte banks, and rivers with presence of many meanders, which would promote dispersal, diluting the barrier effect. 3) Environmental and geographical features are important to determine the patterns of beta diversity among studied sites. The effect found varied considerably between the two suborders. The initial similarity was higher for Zygoptera. For the geographical distance necessary to reach the half of similarity (halving distance), the results were higher for Anisoptera. Ecological requirements and dispersal ability of species can explain the environmental and spatial effects on beta diversity. Variation found between the suborders can be due to the different requirements of species, which can be related to body size. Smaller species may be more sensitive to environmental variations by ecophysiological constraints. If we consider the frequency of endemism between these groups (Chapters 1 and 2), Zygoptera and the families with species with smaller body size (Coenagrionidae and Protoneuridae) may be considered as priority focus for conservation strategies or as surrogates for selection of priority areas for conservation of this group, and, assuming the scarce amount of biogeographical information of Amazonia, also for other invertebrate groups.