Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)

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Navegando Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB) por Por Programa "Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)"

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    Descompasso entre investimento em gestão e prioridades para conservação da biodiversidade nas unidades de conservação da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-23) Dias, Letícia Lopes de Sousa dos Santos; Ribeiro, Bruno Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4793431181653951; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; Pellin, Angela; Ribeiro, Katia Torres
    The effectiveness of protected areas in biodiversity conservation relies on the availability of resources and a robust management structure. However, there was a mismatch between the establishment of protected areas and investment in their management, resulting in many areas lacking essential resources, especially in the Neotropical region. This discrepancy is pronounced in the Brazilian Amazon, posing a substantial risk to the intended objectives of the biome's protected areas. This research investigates the factors influencing the management effectiveness of protected areas in the Amazon. It proposes a strategy for prioritizing investments based on the area's significance for biodiversity conservation and the degree of anthropogenic impact it faces. The findings reveal that protected areas receiving support from the Amazon Protected Areas Program and managed by federal agencies exhibit higher levels of management, along with increased human and financial resources, compared to those lacking support or managed by state agencies. Areas designated for sustainable use demonstrate superior management effectiveness compared to those under full protection. Additionally, the extent of deforestation in the surroundings negatively affects both the management effectiveness and the perceived adequacy of resources. Notably, areas of highest priority for biodiversity conservation tend to experience lower levels of management and resources, indicating a resource deficit in these critical areas. These results underscore the imperative to channel resources towards the management of protected areas with high conservation value and those facing heightened anthropogenic pressures to effectively safeguard biodiversity.
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    No limiar tênue entre teoria e realidade, sazonalidade e caos em sistemas planctônicos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) Ferreira, Heury Sousa; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Silva, Daniel Brito Candido da
    The Chaos Theory is an alternative tool to stochastic dynamic modeling when target biological systems show irregular and no predictive behavior. The plankton is a model group of organisms to theoretical and experimental investigations in chaotic dynamics due to its intrinsic biological characteristics as small size, high reproductive rate and short life cycle, with the additional advantage of its public interest related to practical problems. In this work we investigated the dynamical aspects of a NutrientPhytoplankton-Zooplankton seasonal forced model, created by means of the addition of the Zooplankton level on a Nutrient-Phytoplankton seasonal forced model that show chaotic behavior, proposed by Huppert et al. (2005). An important outcome of the Huppert’s model is that the intensity of the seasonal forcing is the control parameter of the system. We investigated the zooplankton effect on the stability of the model, and the chaos control by means of pulses in the intensity of the seasonal forcing. Our results show that strong and weak seasonal forcing implicates in cyclical fluctuations of phytoplankton populations, and those cycles had higher amplitude in strong seasonal forcing. Between those two extremes, there is chaos. The zooplankton mortality is a fundamental component of the behavior of the model. In fact, despite of seasonal forcing values that can promote chaotic behavior, the model can show cyclic behavior to some values of mortality rates. This suggests that absence of top-down control in the models built to understand phytoplanktonic dynamics (blooms are only a consequence of this), result in an over-simplification and lack of conceptual comprehension of the system. Our results show that periodic pulses can be able to control the chaos on moderate seasonal forcing, and to promote chaos to weak and strong seasonal effects. The pulses are theoretical indicatives of how climatic changes influences a seasonal variable can to affect the dynamics aspects of planktonic systems.
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    Impacto das cinzas de queimadas no ambiente aquático e na comunidade fitoplanctônica
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-28) Jesus, Gabriel Sampaio de; Nabout, João Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3335844675689429; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475113165248615; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Carvalho, Priscilla de
    Among the main threats to biodiversity are anthropic fires, a joint event, especially during the dry period. However, studies on the indirect effects of fires on aquatic ecosystems are scarce. In this study, we investigated how water quality and phytoplankton community structure might be affected by ash from fires in the Brazilian Cerrado. We used a microcosm experiment to simulate the aquatic environment with different scenarios of ash concentrations, and we evaluated over time the abiotic conditions, composition, richness, and phytoplankton density. We detected an increase in total phosphorus ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations after ash insertion. Regarding the phytoplankton community, we identified changes in composition as a function of time, and we did not recognize changes in richness and density in response to treatment. Our results indicate that ash from fires in the terrestrial environment can affect water quality and the species composition of aquatic communities. However, we suggest longer-duration experiments to evaluate the phytoplankton community's delayed responses.
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    Diversidade Filogenética da comunidade de microeucariotos planctônicos da planície de inundação do rio Araguaia por DNA metabarcode
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-26) Jesus, Jocilaine Santos de; Nabout, João Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3335844675689429; Soares, Thannya Nasciment; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Nabout, João Carlos; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Machado, Karine Borges
    Integrating phylogenetic and community ecology studies has proven highly effective in unraveling the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape biodiversity. In this context, combining eDNA metabarcoding with community phylogenetic analyses holds promise for describing patterns of community organization and assembly, providing more robust and informative estimates of diversity. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of the eukaryotic community captured by the 18S molecular marker in the Araguaia River floodplain, using the metabarcoding technique. Focusing on groups of photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes (PPME), we sought to understand how environmental and spatial factors influence the diversity and phylogenetic structure of these communities. To this end, water samples were collected from 140 lakes in the Araguaia River floodplain. Total DNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were processed using the Pimba pipeline to obtain operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total phylogeny was constructed with all OTUs obtained, and from this phylogeny, clades belonging to the PPME groups were selected to construct a second phylogeny focused solely on PPME. Phylogenetic diversity and structure were assessed for both phylogenies using Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) index and the net relatedness index (NRI). The influence of environmental and spatial variables on phylogenetic diversity and structure was analyzed through partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and variance partitioning. Phylogenetic beta diversity was estimated using the PhyloSor index and partitioned into nestedness and turnover, while its correlation with spatial and environmental factors was assessed with a partial Mantel test. The results show that the phylogenetic diversity of the eukaryotes and photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes communities was significantly lower than expected by chance, indicating a non-random community structure. Most lakes showed a clustered phylogenetic pattern, suggesting that more phylogenetically related taxa co-occur more frequently. Most of the variation in phylogenetic diversity and structure was explained by space, but the spatially structured environment also had a relevant percentage of explanation. Spatial filters describing the directional connectivity between lakes had a greater explanatory power than filters using linear distances. Phylogenetic beta diversity for photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes was high, indicating substantial species turnover among lakes, and dissimilarity was positively correlated with environmental and spatial distances. These results suggest a significant role for environmental filtering and dispersal processes in the phylogenetic community organization and contribute to filling the knowledge gap regarding the phylogenetic diversity of planktonic microeukaryotes in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, underscoring the importance of considering both phylogenetic and ecological aspects to understand aquatic biodiversity.
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    Influência da lista vermelha e de características das espécies no esforço em pesquisa de anuros do Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-31) Monteiro, Vitor Guimarães; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116561844584292; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Batista, Vinícius Guerra
    The red list of endangered species is an important tool that presents data on the threat of extinction and also population trends for several taxa. Therefore, the red list has as one of its functions, to direct research efforts to those species that are threatened with extinction and, therefore, require greater attention in order to maintain biodiversity. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate whether the red list is a good guide for the research effort on endemic endangered amphibians of Brazil. Another objective of the work was to verify if factors such as the average body size of a species, the range, the year of formal description or the biome influence the total number of articles that endemic amphibian species have. Through database research (Web of Science and Scopus), we found 1775 articles distributed among 17 families of endemic amphibian amphibians in Brazil. This work shows that only the threat category of each species does not explain the variation in the number of articles published for each species between the time of publication of this status and the year 2020. Species with larger body size, larger range and that have been described for a longer time showed a greater number of articles.
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    Contribuição local da diversidade beta taxonômica e funcional do fitoplâncton em um reservatório neotropical e suas relações com a heterogeneidade ambiental
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-04) Pereira, André Luiz Alves; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475113165248615; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Machado, Karine Borges
    Aquatic environments are among the most diverse environments on planet Earth, in addition, these environments suffer from intense anthropogenic pressures, which end up interfering with communities and the functioning of the environment. To partition beta diversity, several methods have been developed, such as LCBD (Local Contribution to Beta Diversity), which allows calculating the contribution of different locations to beta diversity, and thus indicating important places for conservation and preservation. Therefore, we used phytoplankton data from a tropical reservoir and analyzed taxonomic and functional beta diversity considering periods of rain and drought. It was possible to verify that environmentally differentiated locations contributed more to the LCBD throughout the reservoir, and that the taxonomic and functional LCBD was little related to the environmental heterogeneity of the reservoir. Although environmental heterogeneity was little related to taxonomic and functional beta diversity, environmental factors contributed to the structuring of the phytoplankton community, since the site that obtained the highest LCBD values in much of the study, was environmentally more unique than the others.
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    Efeito do aumento de temperatura na diversidade filogenética da microbiota planctônica acessada por metabarcode
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-12-16) Santos, Haylla Aparecida Oliveira; Nabout, João Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3335844675689429; Nabout, João Carlos; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Vieira, Maisa Carvalho
    There are estimates of an increase of up to 2.5°C in the average global temperature by the end of this century, making the study through experimentation an important tool for observing the behavior of organisms in the face of warming. Using Metabarcoding techniques, we can extract relevant information from the data resulting from experiments, analyzing the phylogenetic diversity of species. Our experiment used 20 aquariums with heaters to simulate warming scenarios, with 4 treatments: Control treatment; Intermediate treatment with warming of 2°C above the average; pessimistic treatment with warming of 4°C above the average; and pessimistic-pessimistic treatment with an increase of up to 8°C. To observe the differences in phylogenetic diversity between treatments, the phylogeny of organisms was constructed, the phylogenetic indices were estimated and an anova was performed. There were significant differences for less, only in the MNPD index (average distance of the nearest neighbor), of the Intermediate-Control treatments; being general eukaryotes with a P value = 0.02 and for classified eukaryotes with a P value = 0.04. The results demonstrate little change in the composition of species in the face of warming. The diversity metrics used here can contribute to species conservation planning by revealing information about their phylogenetic characteristics
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    Áreas prioritárias para restauração no estado de Goiás
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Silva, Thalline Rodrigues da; Loyola, Rafael Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7649189080736923; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Brum, Fernanda Thiesen
    In parallel with strategies and actions focused on the conservation of biodiversity, scientists, decisionmakers, and different sectors of our society have been developing on strategies focused on the restoration of degraded areas. This is a particularly important issue for Brazil as signatory to the Paris Agreement, in which the Brazilian government is committed to restoring 12 million hectares of degraded areas by 2030. Such restoration will be regionalized, and the states of Brazil will need to indicate their priorities, strategies and tools to accomplish such task. Here, we identified priority areas for restoration in the state of Goiás in order to build scenarios in which the retention of soil carbon stock is maximized, as well as the representation of plant species, while seeking the lowest cost of opportunity to perform this restoration on rural landowners. We ran prioritizations following the principles of systematic conservation planning. We also considered the environmental debt within rural properties and, based on that, we evaluated all types of agricultural culture found on the properties to generate opportunity costs associated with restoration. After analyzing 166,635 rural properties across the state, we found a total debt of approximately 1,682,804.1330 hectares within properties’ Legal Reserve. We also observed that most rural properties that should be restored have an opportunity cost below R$5,000. In all prioritization scenarios, areas to the east and northeast of the state of Goiás were considered as priority. Our best restoration scenario captured ~35% of the state's entire carbon stock, nearly 70% (on average) of the distribution of endangered plant species included in the study and a reduction in opportunity cost of more than 70%. Systematic planning for restoration, as proposed here, if carried out in an organized and accountable way, can maximize the connectivity of protected areas within rural properties, bringing greater protection of species and guarantee of the provision of ecosystem services.