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Item Aação do extrato etanólico da casca do pequi na cardiotoxicidade por doxorrubicina em ratos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-10) Moura, Léa Resende; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706993T2; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706014T9; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; Matos, Moema Pacheco Chediak; Coelho, Humberto Eustáquio; Beletti, Marcelo Emílio; Miguel, Marina PachecoThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of pequi shell etanolic extract (PSEE) (Caryocar brasiliense), through morphological evaluation and expression of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 proteins in the myocardium of rats with experimental acute and chronic doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity, to better understand the mechanisms involved in this disease process. Thus, two experiments were carried out. In experiment groups of acute phase, 30 Wistar rats were divided in six groups of five animals each, being Sham group (SG) water and saline; (G1) 16 mg/kg DOX and treatment with 300 mg/kg of PSEE for 17 days; (G2) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 600 mg/kg of PSEE for 17 days; (G3) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 300 mg/kg of PSEE for 10 days; (G4) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 600 mg/kg of PSEE for 10 days; and (GC) 16 mg/kg DOX. Treatment of G1 and G2 began on day one and continued until the end of the experiment, on the 17th. G3 and G4 animals were treated with PSEE for ten days, from the day seven, and DOX was applied on the 14th day after the experiment beginning. Three days after the application of DOX, on the 17th, the animals were euthanized and macroscopic evaluation and collection of samples for enzymatic analysis, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. In groups of the chronic phase experiment, 30 Wistar rats were divided in six groups of five animals. G1 and G2 received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of PSEE, respectively, as pretreatment, by gavage for seven days. In G1, G2, G3, G4 and control group (CG), cardiotoxicity was induced with weekly applications of 2 mg/kg DOX, intraperitoneally, totaling four applications (8 mg/kg), and Sham group (SG) received 1 ml saline solution. G3 animals received daily 300 mg/kg of PSEE and G4, 600 mg/kg, by gavage, for 21 days of application of DOX. The CG and SG received 1 ml of water daily by gavage also. After completion of the application animals were kept for two months, totaling three months of treatment. Macroscopic evaluation was performed by the 90 days and samples were taken for analysis in electron microscopy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In acute experiment was concluded that PSEE attenuates the the deleterious effects of the DOX on cardiac muscle undergoing acute drug-induced cardiotoxicity. When used at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg for 17 days PSEE attenuates vacuolar degeneration in myocytes. When used at a dose of 600 mg/kg for 10 days PSEE reduces the fibers disruption. PSEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 17 days increases TIMP1 expression in the myocardium of rats treated with DOX. In chronic experiment was concluded that PSEE is effective in minimizing effects of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in the myocardium of rats, whereas at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, PSEE attenuates vacuolar degeneration in myocytes and at the dose of 600 mg/kg the PSEE reduces the amount of Anitschkow cells and myofibrils fragmentation. Keywords: Anthracycline, electron microscopy, histopathologyItem AÇÃO DA CLORPROMAZINA EM RINS DE CÃES SUBMETIDOS À ISQUEMIA E REPERFUSÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-19) MENEZES, Liliana Borges de; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928Renal ischemia is present in different situations such as vascular or kidney surgery and also in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal function in dogs submitted to ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine application. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were distributed into two groups with six animals: group A - ischemia and reperfusion without previous administration of chlorpromazine; group B - ischemia and reperfusion treated previously with chlorpromazine. Blood and urine samples were harvested in four different times: before ischemia, at the beginning of reperfusion, 120 minutes after of reperfusion and every week until postsurgical day 28 in order to check the possible ischemia/reperfusion late effect. Renal function was evaluated by clinical examination, serum urea and creatinine levels and urinary GGT activity. PU/CU and urinary activity of GGT were more sensitive for detecting acute tubular injury then routine urine examination, because these variables showed earlier alterations. It was not possible to verify the chlorpromazine protective action through urinalysis, creatinine and urea serum levels, excretion of GGT urinary and urine protein:creatinine ratio.Item Ação do LASSBio 294 sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares em modelo experimental de cardiomiopatia dilatada em coelhos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-16) Costa, Ana Paula Araújo; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8773201078957745; Oliveira, Valéria de; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Passos, Andréa Cintra Bastos Tôrres; Tárraga, Kátia Mitsube; Lima, Aline Maria Vasconcelos; Araújo , Eugênio Golçalves deDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that culminates in dilatation of the left ventricle, or both, and myocardial contractile dysfunction. The clinical phase of the disease is characterized by congestive heart failure signs (CHF), with or without arrhythmias. The treatment involves the use of drugs aimed at reducing the signs of CHF and arrhythmias, with diuretics, positive inotropic, vasodilator and antiarrhythmic. A new drug candidate (LASSBio 294), capable of promoting combined positive inotropic and vasodilating effects, has recently been developed, and have been tested in pre-clinical study in healthy Beagle dogs with promising results. Therefore, this study proposed to verify the action of the drug prototype LASSBio 294, at a dose of 2mg/Kg on cardiovascular parameters of rabbits with DCM experimentally induced by doxorubicin, using as positive control the pimobendan at a dose of 0.3mg/kg. The DCM was induced by intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg of doxorubicin, at a concentration of 2mg/ml, twice a week, for three weeks, and then weekly until it reached fractional shortening less or equal to 25%. As methods of evaluating the LASSBio 294 action on the cardiovascular system of rabbits and monitor the induction of DMC, the following tests were performed: electrocardiography, echodopplercardiography, measurement of blood pressure, chest radiograph, dosage of cardiac lesions, and kidney and liver function biomarkers and hematologic evaluation. At the end of the induction protocol the animals were randomly divided into two groups A (LASSBio 294) and B (pimobendan) and underwent treatment for 30 days, twice a day. At the end of the study it was concluded that the DCM model induced by doxorubicin is a good model to study the disease and its consequences, leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction with dilatation of the left ventricle. However the time for induction of DCM is inaccurate and the occurrence of multisystemic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression, contributes to high mortality rate in this model (35%). It can be concluded that LASSBio 294 is effective in increasing systolic function, improving diastolic function, without altering rabbits blood pressure, has no pro-arrhythmogenic or toxic effect, and reduced the serum creatinine concentration of the animals, but it does not prevent the evolution of the congestive condition.Item Ação Neuroprotetora do Extrato Etanólico da Casca de Pequi em Cérebros de Ratos Submetidos à Isquemia de Reperfusão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-24) MIGUEL, Marina Pacheco; BRITO, Luiz Augusto Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3212353728321020; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928Item Ácidos graxos ômega 3 na dieta de cães com doença valvar mitral(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-23) Nasciutti, Priscilla Regina; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Martins, Danieli Brolo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2159963349521553; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Pereira Neto, Gláucia Bueno; Passos, Andréa Cintra Bastos Torres; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Lima, Aline Maria VasconcelosMitral valve disease (MVD) is characterized by thickening in the valvular leaflets and may lead to heart failure. Pharmacological treatment of the disease with vasodilators, positive inotropes and diuretics is used in conjunction with dietary management. Omega 3 (ω-3) supplementation has been associated with modulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, improvement of Doppler echocardiography, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and antidysiphyde effects. In the absence of prospective clinical studies, the objective was to evaluate the influence of ω-3 supplementation in dogs with MVD. For this purpose, 41 dogs were followed up every three months for 12 months by means of clinical evaluation, BP measurement, electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, chest radiography, laboratory tests, dosages of inflammatory mediators and cardiac biomarker. The dogs were classified in stages B1, B2 and C, according to the ACVIM consensus. Dogs were randomly divided into the ω-3 group, which received food for dogs with heart diseases supplemented with ω-3 and control group (even food without supplementation). In stage B1 only dogs from the ω-3 group were evaluated. At the end of 12 months, no changes were observed in the parameters evaluated. In dogs stage B2 and C, there was an increase in the serum levels of inflammatory mediators, in a larger amplitude in the control group. The ω-3 preserved body condition score, muscle condition score and reduced by 2.96 times the chance of developing arrhythmias. The DIVEdN and VHS measurements were higher in the control group and correlated with NTproBNP cardiac biomarker concentrations. It is concluded that the supplementation with ω-3 in patients in classes B2 and C, maintains the body condition, helps reduce volume overload, has an antiarrhythmic effect and keeps dogs with MVD in the firsts stages of the disease.Item Ácidos orgânicos e fitase em rações para leitões desmamados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-20) Ruffino, Luciana Moura; Stringhini, José Henrique; Silva, Paulo César; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Farias, Leonardo Atta; Coelho, Karyne Oliveira; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Andrade, Maria AuxiliadoraThis study aimed to evaluate the performance in the pre-initial phase (6.7 kg to 15.0 kg), initial phase (15 kg to 25 kg), and in the total period (6.7 kg to 25 kg) as well as the digestibility and metabolism coefficients in pre-initial phase (6.7 kg to 15.0 kg) and initial phase (15 kg to 25 kg). The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks. ANOVA was performed and means were compared by Tukey test at 10 % confidence. We used 120 animals, four animals per experimental unit and five replications, to assess performance, and 48 piglets, each animal representing an experimental unit with four replications, to evaluate digestibility,. The treatments were as follows: 1 - control with Pd available at 0.4%; 2 - Pd reduced to 0.15%; 3 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg; 4 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg and 0.3% butyric acid; 5 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg and 0.75% benzoic acid; 6 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg, 0.3% butyric acid, and 0.75% benzoic acid. The variables studied in performance test were as follows: daily weight gain, total weight gain, daily feed intake, total feed intake and feed conversion rate in the pre-initial and initial phases, and the total period. For the assessment of digestibility and metabolization coefficients we used the method of total collection of faeces and urine. The analyzed variables were apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus in the pre-initial and initial phases. We studied the metabolization coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy, calcium and phosphorus in the pre-initial and initial phases. In the pre-initial and initial phases and in the total period the best performance results were obtained when piglets were fed a diet containing benzoic acid and phytase. In the pre-initial phase, calcium digestibility was higher in piglets that ingested diet with reduced phosphorus and diet with phytase. In the initial phase, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract were lower for the animals fed diets with phytase, benzoic acid and butyric acid. In both phases there was no difference in the metabolization coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus. We concluded that the tested additives improved the performance of piglets from 6.7 kg to 25,0 kg live weight.Item Adição de água em rações para suínos em crescimento e terminação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-21) FARIAS, Leonardo Atta; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063; NUNES, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404In this research, three experiments were conducted. The first and the second ones were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding water to mash rations on nutrient digestibility, energy performance, water intake and excrement quality of pigs at the growing and finishing phases(the evaluation of carcass traits was performed), respectively. Finally, a last experiment was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of fungi in the diets of finishing pigs with different levels of water addition and at different storage times. The variables analyzed in the first two experiments were nutrients and energy digestibility and metabolism, nitrogen balance, moisture rate, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus, and performance variables. For the second trial, the carcass traits were also evaluated after slaughtering. In the third experiment, the number of fungal colony-forming units in the diets was evaluated with and without the use of antifungal and at different storage times. The addition of water to pig diets at growing-finishing phases does not influence the apparent nutrient digestibility, or the performance of the animals when they are fed twice a day. There is a reduction of fresh water intake, and of phosphorus excretion. Carcass composition was not affected. The addition of water to the diets of pigs in the finishing phase increases the production of fungi over storage time.Item Adição de enzimas em dietas com diferentes fontes de proteína para frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-18) Fortes, Bruno Duarte Alves; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Bertechini, Antonio Gilberto; Brito, Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da CostaThree experiments were perfomed in order to evaluate the addition of an enzymatic complex containing xylanase, amylase, and protease to rations with different protein sources for broilers through the true digestibility of amino acids, metabolization of nutrients and performance of animals. The first experiment was a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications. Birds were subjected to a five days adaptation period to experimental diets and the diets were as follows: one diet free of protein (DFP), and eight DFP diets with tested feedstuffs to replace corn starch. The true digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids, corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate, bovine dried plasma and viscera meal were measured at seven and 21 days of age. The digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids at seven and 21 days of age were as higher (p<0.05) for the treatments with enzymatic complex and for the digestibility of essential amino acids the coefficients were higher (p<0.05), only at seven days of age, for corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate and viscera meal. It was possible to conclude that the addition of xylanase, amylase and protease improved the digestibility of amino acids, regardless of the ingredient and the age of the animals. The second study was a metabolism experiment conducted to determine the coefficient of apparent metabolism of dry matter (CAMDM), crude protein (CAMCP), ether extract (CAMEE) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of feed for broilers with different protein feedstuffs, such as corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate, viscera meal and bovine dried plasma, associated with enzymatic complex. A completely randomized design with nine treatments (one reference diet, and eight diets with inclusion of tested feedstuffs with or without addition of enzymatic complex) and five replicates was used, with ten birds in the pre-starter diet and six birds in the initial diet. Tested feedstuffs replaced 40% reference diet. The use of enzymatic complex in pre-starter diets was effective (p<0.05) while improving CAMDM for soybean protein concentrate, CAMCP for soybean protein concentrate and bovine dried plasma and AMEn for bovine dried plasma. For the initial phase, only AMEn bovine dried plasma was affected (p<0.05) by the inclusion of xylanase, amylase and protease. The supplementation of xylanase, amylase and protease improved CAMDM and CAMCP in diets containing soybean protein concentrate as its main source of protein and CAMCP diets containing bovine dried plasma at seven days age, even more enzymatic complex was effective while increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of diets containing bovine dried plasma. The third experiment was proposed to evaluate broiler performance using xylanase, amylase and protease in diets formulated with different protein ingredients. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and six replicates with 30 birds per cage was used. Treatments were as follows: T1- basal diet with 6% corn gluten meal (60%); T2- basal diet with 6% corn gluten meal (60%) and enzymatic complex; T3- basal diet with 6% soybean protein concentrate; T4- basal diet with 6% soybean protein concentrate and the enzymatic complex; T5- basal diet with 6% viscera meal; T6- basal diet with 6% viscera meal and the enzymatic complex; T7- basal diet with 5% bovine dried plasma; T8- basal diet with 5% bovine dried plasma and the enzymatic complex. No differences were observed (p>0.05) among treatments on feed intake throughout the experiment (1-42 days); however, weight gain, feed conversion and average weight of the birds were affected (p<0.05). Treatments with vegetable protein sources supplemented with enzymes produced an average reduction in the values of feed conversion and an increase in mean weight of 6.24 and 4.87% for diets containing corn gluten meal (60%) and 6.66 and 4.52% for diets containing soybean protein concentrate, respectively. Diets containing protein sources of animal origin and the inclusion of enzymatic complex (xylanase, amylase and protease) reduced the average values of feed conversion and increased the average weight: 5.88 and 4.57% for diets containing bovine dried plasma and 7.14 and 6.34% for diets containing viscera meal, respectively. The inclusion of enzymatic complex was effective while improving the average values for weight gain, feed conversion and average weight during 1-42 days of age.Item Aditivos nas rações de leitões e seus efeitos no intestino delgado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-12-13) Kamimura, Regis; Lopes, Eurípedes Laurindo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9481015142857768; Beletti, Marcelo Emílio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895300906751714; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Coelho, Humberto Eustáquio; Roner, Márcia Nunes Bandeira; Pôrto, Regiane Nascimento; Ferreira, Reginaldo NassarGut microbiota is changed by various factors, being the diet which has the highest influence, as well as the modulating additives of the microbiome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of growth promoting additives in the diet on the percentage of goblet cells with acid and neutral mucin in small intestine of pigs, the percent of gut cells in proliferation by the technique of immunohistochemistry by PCNA, to certify and quantify the presence of Paneth’s cells by specific staining and by immunohistochemistry, since that cell has a great importance in the immunity and in the gut microbiota. The experiment was conducted in a certified swine breeding farm (CSBF), applying the CRD (completely randomized design). Four hundred and eighty castrated male piglets were used, in five treatments, with ten piglets by cage, eight repetitions, and in the basal treatment 16 repetitions were used, being T1=basal diet, denominated negative control, T2=T1+antimicrobial agent, T3=T1+probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T4=T1+prebiotic MOS, T5=T1+probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae + the prebiotic MOS. The diet was based on corn and soybean meal plus a supplement of minerals and vitamins. There were changes with higher increase in quantity of goblet cells, calculated by millimeter of gut mucosa with neutral mucus compared to those with acid mucus and to the negative control. There were no expressive changes for cells with acid mucus. The percentage of proliferating cells in small intestine by the immunehistochemistry technique for PCNA did not show significant changes and the presence of Paneth’s cells was confirmed by special staining and by immunehistochemistry. The quantity of Paneth’s cells of duodenum changed according to additives used, in comparison with the negative control which had a greater quantity. With the addition of antimicrobial agent there was a lesser quantity. With the prebiotics and synbiotics occurred milder reduction and this suggests that immunomodulation occurred. Besides promoting a better gut health due to a healthier and more appropriate microbiota to the rearing of piglets in the nursery phase, the addition of growth promoters in feeds favors significant gains and can be recommended, since the results are compensatory in productivity.Item Aditivos proteicos sequestrantes de umidade na ensilagem de gramíneas tropicais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Antonio, Patricia; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783397P6; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780738U3; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761394J4; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Santos, Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos; Araújo Neto, Francisco Ribeiro de; Guimarães, Katia Cylene; Couato, Victor Resende MoreiraThe animal production potential grows fast and food production is always being challenged to meet this need in the nutrition as well as in the economic context. Forage plants are the basis of the diet of ruminants in most production systems in tropical regions. Forage availability varies during the year depending on weather conditions. It turns necessary to have stored forage to supplement the animals. Silage is the most widely used form of stored forage. The tropical grasses ensiling is an alternative to traditional silage crops because it can be used the surplus produced in the rainy season. However, the fermentation process can be altered by many factors, making difficult the production of good quality silage so there is the need of using additives as a means of improving the nutritional and fermentative quality of these types of silages. Thus, this study aimed to use moisture sequestering additives: soybean, canola, sunflower and cotton meal, in the production of B. brizantha silage in order to improve the nutritional value, fermentative value, degradability and digestibility of these silages, thus obtaining information about alternative materials for the production of good quality silage. The experiment was carried out a part in experimental PVC silos and estimated the bromatologic parameters, effluent and gas losses, N-NH3, pH, titratable acidity, protein fractions and silage degradability, and the other part in experimental silos with a capacity of 200 kg to evaluate the performance of sheep fed with these silages through intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients, metabolic and rumen parameters of these animals. The silages of Brachiaria brizantha with sequestering moisture additives were effective in keeping concentrations of plasma metabolic and ruminal profile parameters within the reference levels, increasing the readily soluble A fraction and decreasing the C protein fraction consequently improving the ruminal degradability, and reducing the silage losses. Therefore it is recommended its use as an alternative to ruminant nutrition.Item Ambiência, características uterinas ovarianas, produção e composição do leite de primíparas da raça Holandesa (pc) criadas no bioma Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-27) Bilego, Ubirajara Oliveira; Brasil, Ipojucan de Goiás; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia G.; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia G.; Malaquias Junior, João Darós; Leão, Karen Martins; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; Lopes, Dyomar ToledoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental characteristics on production and milk composition and reproductive activity of primiparous Holstein (PC) race. The experiments were carried out in the Rio whiting, located in Rio Verde, Goiás state Southwest region of the city has two well-defined periods, the rainy season (PCh) (October to April) and dry (PS) (May to September). In the first experiment aimed to evaluate environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall to estimate Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) in two seasons. The experimental period included the PW during the months of January to April 2011 and the PS to the months of May to August 2012. Through the climate data we calculated the (UTI) by the formula described in NRC (1971). The results showed differences in the variables, minimum, average temperature RH, precipitation and ITU, with higher values for PW. In the second experiment, we used 72 primiparous cows of Holstein breed (PC), aged 24 to 30 months, divided into two experimental groups, with 36 in the PS group and 36 in the PW group. We evaluated the yield and the content of fat, protein, total solids (EST) and defatted (ESD) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). The experimental design was completely randomized in two periods of measurements (rainy and dry season). There were no differences between the dry and rainy periods for milk production. The values of proximate composition of milk were all different between periods. Values of fat, protein, EST and ESD were higher (P ˂ 0.01) during the dry period. The warmer and more humid the year (PW) time had a direct effect on milk composition of primiparous Holstein evaluated. In experiment III, evaluated the effects of seasonality on ovarian structure and uterine involution in primiparous Holstein (PC). We used 72 primiparous cows , aged 24 to 30 months , divided into two experimental groups , with 36 in the PS group and 36 in the PW group. The gynecological exams started from 20 to 25 days postpartum and followed weekly until there were two repeated readings of the size and symmetry of the uterus or of estrus. We used vaginoscópio and ultrasound apparatus for uterine and ovarian reviews. The uterus was evaluated for soundness, size, disposition and presence of content. The ovaries were evaluated for size, presence of follicles, size of follicles, presence and size of corpora lutea. There were differences in the average size of follicles and corpora lutea between the PS and PCh, with smaller follicular and luteal averages in PS. The size of the uterus did not differ at the time of the complete uterine involution. Cows in PS showed the most closed at the time of the assessment and uterine horns closer to the complete symmetry cervical canal. It was concluded that primiparous Holstein, the management reviews take longer to complete uterine involution in PW than in PS.Item Amblyomma sculptum: identificação de alomônio em hospedeiro resistente (equus asinus) e olfatometria para candidatos à semioquímicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-21) Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707291J3; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723297J0; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; Louly, Carla Cristina Braz; Szabó, Matias Pablo Juan; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliceira; Cotta, Viviane Rodrigues ZeringótaAmblyomma sculptum is a tick that has medical-veterinary importance and parasites a variety of hosts like capybaras, horses and humans. The tick control is a challenge due the disadvantages caused by conventional control so an alternative is desirable. Semiochemicals are potencial tools to be used once they modulate tick behavior and the use of pheromones, kairomones as well as the use of non-host species (allomones) to control ticks has already been demonstrated. Some semiochemicals have already been described in the literature that could act in A. sculptum behavior. It is also known that donkeys (Equus asinus) are more resistant to the parasitism of this tick specie than horses (Equus caballus). For this, four concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25%) of 15 semiochemical candidates (CO2 only at 5%, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, nonanoic acid, nonanal, salicylic acid, 2.6 diclorophenol, R-limonene, S-limonene, methyl salicylate, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, isobutyric acid and lactic acid) were tested in non fed A. sculptum nymphs and adults using a Y-tube olfactometer. And here we investigated if donkeys could produce compounds that can act as repellent to A. sculptum. The CO2 was attractive to all stages tested. Nymphs were repelled by benzaldehyde and R-limonene both at 10% and isobutyric acid at 10 and 5%. Were attracted by methyl salicylate, benzoic acid and salicylic acid all at 1.25% and ammonium hydroxide at 2.5%. Males were attracted by benzoic acid at 2.5%. Females were repelled by benzaldehyde at 5%. Mixtures with the attractive compounds were done but no attraction was observed. The compounds that caused attractiveness in the olfactometer assay (CO2, methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ammonium hydroxide) were taken to the field and traps with these compounds were placed in a pasture naturally infested with A. sculptum ticks. The dry ice (CO2) is still the best substance to attract ticks in the field (p>0.05). To verify if non hosts produce repellents volatiles, odors from donkeys and horses were extracted from the dry sebum extract. So the compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry. Five main compounds were identified in both species being two predominant on horses: ethyl decanoate and ethyl octanoate, three predominant on donkeys hexanal, heptanal and trans-2-decenal. One compound trans-2-octenal occurring almost exclusively on donkeys was also identified and donkeys produced an average of 12,398 μg.mg-1. In olfactometer tests only the trans-2-octenal was repellent at different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25M). When an attractive substance (ammonium hydroxide) was added, the compound still repellent. The results indicated that benzoic acid should be further investigated since their results as attractant in laboratory and field. The isobutyric acid and R-limonene should be better exploited because of the repellent role presented in the behavioral test. And that the semiochemical identified here could be used to interfere in tick behavior and is therefore a potential compound to be transformed in a new technology to control A. sculptum.Item Análise anatomo-funcional dos músculos do antebraço e a citoarquitetura do neocórtex occipital de Cebus libidinosus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-06-10) PRADO, Yandra Cássia Lobato do; FERREIRA, Tales Alexandre Aversi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101341437463729; DAMASCENO, Adilson Donizeti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900110295277130; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928Primates are known for larger brain size, enhanced handling and cognitive abilities and increasingly complex social behavior. Many studies have been conducted with the neotropical primates of the genus Cebus, known as capuchin monkey, regarding their behavior, tool use, encephalization index and memory. These studies are justified because these primates present high cognitive faculty and other biological characteristics that make them similar to Old World primates. This thesis rendered possible the production of two articles. The first one is entitled Anatomical description of the extensor muscles of the forearm associated with cognition and tool use in Cebus libidinosus . In this article, a comparative analysis between the anatomy of the forearm muscle of this genus and that the one of other primates that, individually or jointly, act in the hands allowing more or less specialized movements of the fingers, relating them to the use of tools and to the cognitive aspects of Cebus spp. described in the literature. There were evident similarities between the extensor muscles in C. libidinosus primates and the correspondent muscles in humans and chimpanzees; however, there were differences when compared to baboons. The structure and differentiation of the forearm muscles of Cebus spp., together with its previously known encephalization index, corroborate the association between its manual ability and cognitive and behavioral aspects in primates. The second article is entitled "Cytoarchitecture of the occipital neocortex of Cebus libidinosus . Its purpose was to analyze the cytoarchitecture of the occipital cortex using the technique of Golgi-Cox, the qualitative and quantitative aspects provided by this technique of impregnation of neurons, and to compare them with data from the literature. Primary and secondary visual areas are located in the occipital neocortex, and in C. libidinosus, the histological organization of these areas is similar to humans and other primates and it is characterized by the predominance of granular neurons and the presence of transversal fibers in the fourth layer. Although the Golgi-Cox method allowed individual observation of neurons and their extensions, the weak distinction between neurons and glial cells impaired neuron counting. These data, nevertheless, will grant further cell density comparison of other cortical areas between Cebus spp. and other primates. Aiming to contribute to the foundations of studies related to the evolution of primate cognition, this study related morphology, as a science, to the numerous observations on the behavior of capuchin monkeys. The comparative approach to study the morphology of the musculoskeletal and neural apparatus of C. libidinosus will allow data inference in areas of cognitive science and related areas.Item Análise da situação da inseminação artificial bovina no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-05) GORDO, João Maurício Lucas; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; SERENO, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209This study aimed to diagnose the situation and use of artificial insemination (AI) and fixed-time artificial insemination in Goiás State, Brazil. A literature review was carried out and economic costs related to herd conception in natural mating systems, AI and TAI were calculated. Subsequently, an approach to cattle farmer´s profile, farm characterization and speech analysis was fulfilled in order to better understand biodemographic characteristics and to obtain cattle breeder´s discourse concerning AI technology. Using semi-structured questionnaires 71 interviews were accomplished to dairy and beef cattle farmers from different municipalities of Goiás State during AI training courses in 2010 and 2011. The interviews pointed out that 92% were male farmers and 29.6% had 31 to 41 years old. Schooling stage varied and 34% declared to have finished the last grade, 15.5% had primary grade complete and 14% had yet not finished primary education. 46.5% had between 9 and 20 years of cattle production experience, 25.5% more than 20 years and 28% had up to 8 years of experience. 53.5% already used AI or TAI before the training courses. Considering farmers that previously used any biotechnique, exclusive use of AI is more frequent (68,5%)than the association of both biotechniques (18.5%), and more frequent than the exclusive use of TAI (13%). 46.5% raised between 31 and 90 heifers and cows and 27% raised up to 30. Speech analysis revealed that personal motivation is a major topic involving the IA adoption process, which is related to the benefits of the biotechnique and the phenotype of the animals rather than economic factors. Prerequisites necessary for adoption is the second factor, mainly related to labor force, infrastructure and cattle handling, followed by social motivation topics, mainly associated to institutes and people related to IA and the everyday life of cattle farmers. Note: Thesis in four chapters with summary and abstract. Was cited only the summary / abstract of the first chapterItem Análise genética para maciez de carne e suas relações com as características produtivas em bovinos nelore mocho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-07-09) Mamede, Mariana Márcia Santos; Rosa, Guilherme J. M.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1459020955134925; Faria, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhôa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhôa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Oliveira e Costa, Marcos Fernando de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Pádua, João TeodoroGenetic parameters were estimated for growth traits involving the weights at 120 (P120), 210 (P210), 365 (P365), and 450 (P450) days of age, reproductive traits, such as scrotal circumference calculated at 365 (PE365) and 450 (PE450) days of age, age at first calving (IPP), accumulated productivity (PAC) in kg of weaned calves, and cow stayability (STAY - Stayability), carcass, considering ribeye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (EG), and fat thickness on the back (EGP8), and the tenderness of the meat, as measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in polled Nellore cattle reared in the Cerrado biome. For all features, Bayesian analysis bi characteristics were performed by adopting linear animal model, whereas for the analyzes involving STAY, the linear threshold model was used. Mean posterior heritability estimates for P120 (0.20), P210 (0.21), P365 (0.44), P450 (0.40), PE365 (0.31), PE450 (0.37), IPP (0.16), PAC (0.25), STAY (0.16), AOL (0.30), EG (0.13), EGP8 (0.24), and WBSF (0.16) indicate response to the selection process. Estimates of maternal heritability for P120 (0.10) and P210 (0.09) suggest genetic effects of breeding in contributing to the performance of calves at weaning. Estimates of genetic and environmental correlation obtained for the growth characteristics were of high magnitude. By analyzing the growth characteristics with carcass, the genetic and residual correlations between AOL weights at 210 (0.46 and 0.37, respectively), 365 (0.59 and 0.39, respectively), and 450 (0.56 and 0.50, respectively) days old stood out. Genetic and residual correlations between PE365 and PE450 were high and positive (0.91 and 0.74, respectively), as well as the genetic correlations of the CAP with PE365, PE450, IPP, and STAY (0.61, 0.62, -0.69 and 0.83, respectively). Therefore, PE365, PE450, and CAP are important selection criteria, which result in genetic progress for IPP and STAY. The AOL genetic correlations with EG (0.25) and EGP8 (0.06) were of low magnitude, however moderate between EG and EGP8 (0.49). The residual correlation between carcass traits showed low non-additive genetic association and/or of the environment. The WBSF mean estimates of genetic and residual correlations with reproductive and carcass traits were favorable, although they exhibited high standard deviations. The genetic correlation of WSBF with the weights were higher at the pre-weaning phase (-0.70 ± 0.26 with P120 and -0.78 ± 0.23 with P210) and lower at the post-weaning phase (-0.44 ± 0.43 with P365 and -0.22 ± 0.34 with P450). Estimates of genetic correlation of WBSF with EG, EGP8, and AOL were negative and close to zero. Residual correlations of WBSF with all the growth and carcass traits were negligible.Item Análise imunogênica da proteína recombinante aspartil aminopeptidase (Rv0800) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-12-05) Silva, Duanne Alves da; Kipnis, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741; Leite, Liliana Borges de Menezes; Junqueira-Kipnis, Ana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987; Junqueira-Kipnis, Ana Paula; Sousa, Eduardo Martins de; Oelemann, Walter Martin Roland; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesiassem resumo em língua estrangeira.Item Análise multivariada de características que influenciam a tolerância ao calor em equinos, ovinos e bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) CASTANHEIRA, Marlos; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301Heat stress is a limiting factor in animal production in the tropics. The physical, physiological and hematological are often used to evaluate the adaptation of animals to heat. The objective was to perform multivariate analysis of physiological characteristic "tolerance to heat, horses, sheep and cattle in the Federal District, to determine whether measured characteristics were able to separate groups of animals and determine the most important variables in differentiating groups in the adaptation of animal heat. A total of 40 horses, 50 sheep and 90 cattle, all adults. The quantitative characters were subjected to multivariate statistical tests of cluster analysis and canonical discriminant. Analyses were performed in the Statistical Analysis System - SAS ® procedures using cluster stepdisc, cancorr and discrim. The dendrogram was able to separate and demonstrate the genetic distance between groups of animals analyzed. The canonical analysis separated the individuals into groups. The discriminant analysis identified the variables that are most important in adapting these to the heat in the Federal District, the conditions were in the polls.Item Anaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis em cães: avaliação de alterações oculares, desenvolvimento e validação de técnica de diagnóstico molecular(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-23) Costa, Hérika Xavier da; Duarte, Sabrina Castilho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4703399111676562; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6261928164195145; Linhares, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; Massard, Carlos Luiz; Fernandes, Osvaldo Kort Kamp; Oliveira, Vanessa Silvestre Ferreira deAnaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis are obligate intracellular rickettsial organisms of dogs. A. platys appear to parasitize only platelets causing canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia (CICT), whereas E. canis has tropism for circulating mononuclear cells causing canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Clinical signs of CME and CICT are nonspecific and common to many other diseases transmitted by ticks. Definitive diagnosis of A. platys and E. canis is made by specific diagnostic tests; however, two new real time PCR protocols (qPCR) for the detection of A. platys and E. canis were developed from reference sequences for the 16S rRNA gene of A. platys and E. canis. New primers and probes were able to detect A. platys and E. canis. Identification of natural infections in dogs by A. platys and E. canis, previously confirmed by conventional PCR, showed high correlation sensitivity (100% for A. platys and E. canis) and epidemiological specificity (100% for A. platys and 98,41% for E. canis) with new qPCR using hydrolyses probe (TaqMan) protocols Analytical specificity tests produced species-specific results, not occurring DNA amplification of the following blood parasites Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Mycoplasma haemofelis. R. sanguineus DNA. Two new qPCR protocols described were able to detect 0,14 fg of E. canis DNA and 0,9 fg of A. platys DNA and represent alternative as a diagnostic tool for the specific detection of A. platys and E. canis being useful for diagnosis of these canine hemoparasitosis. Ocular abnormalities are among the clinical signs found in dogs infected with E. canis and cases of uveitis have been attributed to infection with A. platys, but the frequency of eye injuries in cases of infection with A. platys is still unknown. After searching the frequency of infections by A. platys and E. canis in 100 dogs with ocular (OA) and 100 dogs without ocular alterations (WOA), using the PCR as a diagnostic method, we found that among the hemoparasites, A. platys and E. canis detected and identified by PCR, E. canis was the most frequent, both in the group of OA dogs (33%; 33/100) and in the group of WOA dogs (24%; 24 / 100). The frequency of A. platys was 5% (5/100) for the group of OA dogs and 4% (4/100) for the group of WOA dogs. Ocular changes associated with infection by E. canis were bilateral uveitis and retinal detachment. It was not possible to verify the relationship of ocular manifestations with infection by A. platys due to the low number of dogs with ocular abnormalities infected with this rickettsia.Item Anestesia paravertebral torácica em cães(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-18) Villela, Ana Carolina Vasques; Cardoso, Júlio Roquete; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4767753Y6; Moreno, Juan Carlos Duque; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707527H5; Moreno, Juan Carlos Duque; Otero, Pablo Ezequiel; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Bosco, Fabiana Aparecida Penachi; Regalin, DoughlasThoracic paravertebral block (TPB) is a regional anesthesia technique which provides anesthesia and analgesia with hemodynamic stability, low incidence of complications and few contraindications. However, some techniques are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine due to difficulty in accessing specific nerves. The present study aimed at reviewing the thoracic anatomy, where TPB was conducted, determining values between reference points in order to implement this technique, assessing blockade’s quality and hemodynamic effects resulting from 2.5 mg/kg of bupivacaine 0.5% administration in dogs’ paravertebral space. Initially, structures involved when performing TPB were identified during an anatomical study in cadavers. In the second stage, eight healthy male or female dogs, mixed-breed, weighing 16.33 ± 4.04 kg, were submitted to TPB under general anesthesia with isoflurane. The blockage of thoracic T5, T6 and T7 nerves was performed with 2.5 mg/kg of bupivacaine 0.5%, guided by a neuro stimulator. Subsequently, the animals were anesthetized following the same protocol used in the previous stage for pulmonary-artery catheterization via the femoral vein, in order to assess hemodynamic effects of TPB. During TPB performance, the distances between the skin and the transverse process of thoracic vertebrae (STD) as well as the skin and paravertebral space (SPD) were obtained. Isoflurane supply was discontinued and analgesia evaluation was performed by pinprick test and hemostat pressure in conscious animals, after anesthesia recover. During hemodynamic evaluations the animals were kept anesthetized under spontaneous ventilation, while central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) and other cardiovascular variables were measured. Arterial and mixed venous blood were collected for blood gas analysis such as pH, oxygen partial pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), anion gap (AG) and electrolytes such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-), tissue oxygenation variables such as oxygen delivery (DO2), consumption (VO2) and oxygen extraction (OEF) were also calculated. Evaluations were made just before TPB (T0) and every 20 minutes in the next 80 minutes (T20, T40, T60, T80). Anatomical study revealed that some thoracic muscles’ innervation come from the brachial plexus. The average obtained for STD was 3.81 ± 1.07 cm and for SPD was 6.25 ± 0.93 cm. The anesthetic block was observed in 3.63±2.77 dermatomes during 250.25 ± 44.02 minutes. The variables CVP, CO, PAP, PAOP, DO2, OEF and PO2 in mixed-venous blood, increased significantly after bupivacaine administration. Similarly, PO2 from mixed venous blood as well as DO2 and OEF increased significantly during hemodynamic evaluations. TPB provided anesthesia in a limited region of the chest wall with clinically irrelevant hemodynamic effects, however this technique did not satisfactorily anesthetized all thoracic muscles’ layers so it should be used in combination with general anesthesia.Item Antioxidante na viabilidade do sêmen equino congelado e refrigerado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-18) OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Arruda de; TEIXEIRA, Pedrinho Paes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1003192087990566; MEIRINHOS, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701In the equine world is increasing the use of frozen semen and cooled due to the recent release of its use for most of breeders' associations. However, the fertility of frozen semen is still low and this hinders their widespread use. The objective was to evaluate the effect In vitro addition of glutathione on sperm concentrations in five of 12 stallions in different protocols of freezing, and I Experiment (EI): automated freezing immediately after harvest and Experiment II (EII): automated freezing (MRI) and manual (RG) after passive cooling 24 h at 16 ° C. The variables assessed were total and progressive motility, vigor, plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal. The addition of glutathione in concentration of 2.5 mM in the midst of freezing preserves the total motility, significantly increases the motility and integrity of plasma membrane, both for semen frozen immediately after harvesting and for the refrigerated and frozen manually. Concentrations exceeding 2.5 mM were deleterious to sperm in different freezing protocols, with or without passive cooling. In chapter 3 aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the addition of cysteine and glutathione in seven treatments on sperm from 12 stallions in protocol passive cooling to 16 ° C for 36h. The variables assessed were total motility and progressive force and plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal in seven different times (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36h). For discussion of data were taken into account only the values of the moments 1, 3, 5 and 7 (0, 12, 24 and 36h). The concentration of 1.0 mM cysteine was more effective in protection of sperm cells in the trading system of the passive cooling 16 º C for 36h, with higher values of motility and membrane integrity.