Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)

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Uma abordagem quantitativa para a seleção de espécies para a restauração ecológica baseada em diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-16) Tsujii, Paula Kiyomi; Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1141743724585455; Carlucci, Marcos Bergamann; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Vieira, Daniel Luís Mascia
O autor não apresentou resumo em outra língua.
Algas perifíticas: uma abordagem taxonômica e funcional em riachos inseridos em paisagens modificadas de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-31) Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Francisco de; Nabout, João Carlos; Nabout, João Carlos; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Ferragut, Carla
Considering the hierarchical conformation and connectivity present in dendritic drainages, the hydrological structuring of these systems may favor approaches to studies associated with patterns in aquatic metacommunities. Thus, investigating patterns in metacommunities using aquatic microorganisms as a study tool may favor approaches to studies associated with patterns of dispersion or species limitation, such as mass effects and species sorting. In addition, it is understandable to think that different functional traits present in species that make up these metacommunities may be modulated by environmental components (fundamental niche/realized niche) or spatial factors within an environmental gradient. In the present study, the first chapter “Effect of local, regional (land use) and spatial (organism dispersion) environmental variables on the structure of the periphytic algal community in Cerrado streams”, we seek to assess the relative importance of local environmental components (limnological), regional (land use) and spatial (dispersion capacity) variables for the periphytic community in Cerrado streams along the Piracanjuba River sub-basin. For the second chapter “Functional composition of periphytic algae in Cerrado streams inserted in modified landscapes”, we investigated how the functional traits present in species that make up the periphytic community respond to the variation of the regional (landscape) and local environmental component limnological variables) in streams inserted in modified Cerrado landscapes. We found 127 species, with a predominance of the Bacillariophyceae class in all streams and the average of remaining vegetation for the extension of the Piracanjuba River sub-basin was 40%. The periphytic community showed greater species replacement along the hydrographic network and relative importance only of the spatial component, since the functional attributes observed for this community were different along two gradients, nutrient availability, and percentage of natural remaining vegetation, respectively.
Aninhamento de assembleias de aves em arquipélagos oceânicos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-26) Caetano, Vinne Magalhães; Melo, Adriano Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4602365265261727; Melo, Adriano Sanches; Maestri, Renan; Almeida Neto, Mário
The species richness of an island can be driven by the quality, complexity and heterogeneity of the habitat, as well as the dispersal ability of the species. Island size and altitude can be used as surrogate variables for habitat attributes, and island isolation can be used to represent the dispersal ability of species. Communities on a gradient of isolation or environmental complexity can form a taxonomically and/or morphologically nested distribution pattern. I tested the morphological nesting of bird assemblages from islands of eight oceanic archipelagos for size, altitude, and isolation of their islands. I performed this test by weighting the nesting by the magnitude of the difference between the tested variable and without this weighting. I found that morphological nesting was predominantly relevant to size and altitude, while isolation was not able to explain nesting in any archipelago. Unweighted analyzes had more positive results for nesting than those weighted by difference in altitude, size or isolation. The nesting observed was more due to richness shared between communities than due to the tree topology of morphological similarity between species. This means that if a community shares similarity in attributes with other communities, this similarity in attributes comes from the species shared between these communities and not from different species with similar attributes. Isolation was not able to explain the nesting, however, it is possible that there are isolation measures with greater biological relevance.
Aninhamento em comunidades: padrões e processos subjacentes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-05-23) Gomes, Carolina Ramos Caiado; Melo, Adriano Sanches; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4705605T7; Melo, Adriano Sanches; Barros, Tadeu de Siqueira; Bini, Luis Mauricio
Nestedness is a particular pattern of species distribution in metacommunities in which a group of species found in poorer sites is a subset of the group of species found in richer sites. In the beta diversity partition context, nestedness is considered one of beta diversity components, jointly with species turnover. However, it is clear now that this term has been used in a wrong way instead of beta diversity due to richness differences. In specific cases that such richness differences reflect an ordered gain or loss of species between sites, then the nested pattern emerges. In the present work I used the beta diversity partition approach, focusing on the richness differences component, combined with a specific metric of nestedness, the NODF, to explore situations in which the richness differences between sites occur in a nested way considering different systems and scales of study. In the first chapter I use aquatic macroinvertebrates communities to show the importance of spatial position of patches of the same microhabitat in generating nestedness in riffles. I found that patches and riffle sites located in the beginning of the riffles are poorer then patches and riffle sites at the end of the same riffles, and that initial sites are nested in final sites in a same riffle. In the second chapter I use birds and mammals communities in the New World to assess how nestedness varies in latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. Nestedness emerged in several regions in both gradients, and it is always related to richness differences in such gradients combined with directional processes that cause an ordered loss or gain of species.
Anuros do Cerrado em um mundo em mudança: fatores de vulnerabilidade
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-11) PACÍFICO, Eduardo dos Santos; BASTOS, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648
Endemic species have higher risk of extinction and are the focus of conservation efforts because they are confined to specific areas. Evidently, extinction vulnerability variation among endemic species should be mainly explained by their range distribution. Because they have specific eco-physiological traits, anurans are particularly sensitive to global climate change (GCC). Thus, the goals of this study are to present a new anuran endemic species list of Cerrado, to discuss issues related to endemism and to determine if the current potential distribution is able to predict the species extinction vulnerability in GCC. We analyze anuran species that were considered endemic in previous studies plus recently described species. We used two modeling procedures (Maxent and Mahalanobis distance method), three climate models (CCCma, CSIRO and HadCM3) and two carbon emissions scenarios (A2 and B2). Analyses were performed separately for each set of conditions (method, model and scenario) and then we analyzed the emergent pattern. There are 33 Cerrado endemic anuran species, belonging to ten families, representing 20.4% of Cerrado s anurans and 3.8% of Brazilian anurans. Most species have few occurrence points (mean ± standard deviation: 4.9 ± 4.6). Twelve endemic species have all their occurence points near to the boundaries of Cerrado and twelve have all their occurence points in the center of the biome. Small changes in biome boundaries alter the number of endemic species. Therefore, the endemism concept is strongly linked to the biome definition, the sampling effort, the correct species identification and the existing information released. Using the biome limits defined by the Brazilian government, Cerrado endemic anurans with small range distribution have less overlap between the current and the future distributions than Cerrado endemic anurans with large range distribution, indicating that species with small range have a higher risk of extinction. Nevertheless, Cerrado endemic anurans with small range distribution have more proportional gain of suitable area in the future than Cerrado endemic anurans with large range distribution. Consequently, there will be adequate area for all species. However, only species that could move to suitable places will persist. Hence, species persistence, mainly for species with small range size, depends largely on the connectivity of suitable habitat and dispersal rates that allow the colonization of new areas.
Aplicações do monitoramento acústico automático de anuros: inventário de espécies, comparações metodológicas e estudo da detectabilidade das espécies
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-27) Melo, Isabella Rodrigues de; Lima, Luciana Signorelli Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4503432546817338; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Sugai, Larissa Sayuri Moreira
The increasing decline in anuran amphibiam populations and the high sensitivity of the group require adequate population monitoring and, studies of natural history and behavior. Bioacoustics can be used for these purposes, because anurans use vocalization as their main form of communication. Using bioacoustics, two types of methodology can be performed: 1) actives searches, where the researcher detect and identify species visually and by aurally in the field, and 2) passive monitoring, where the researcher identifies species vocalizations in acoustic recordings registered by automatic recorders. Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly being used and is a great strategy for phenology studies. Thus, using passive acoustic monitoring, this work has three main objectives: 1) to complement the anuran species inventory of the Emas National Park; 2) compare the efficiency of active searches and passive acoustic monitoring; 3) to investigate the effect of daily, seasonal variation, methodology and environmental variables on the detection of anuran vocalization activity. For this, during the 2018-2019 breeding season (September-April), we installed seven automated recorders in humid field environments set to recorded vocalizations for two minutes on every hour of the day. At each of the seven points we installed automated recorders, we performed six active searches throughout the breeding season. From the active searches, we found 12 species while by recording analysis we recorded 21 species of anurans, where six of them had not been registered before in the park. Regarding the comparison between methodologies, we found that both techniques (active searching and passive monitoring) are efficient and complementary, since they often detect different species and thus contribute differently to the total richness. We found that species vocalizations are influenced by day period, reproductive season period, precipitation, humidity, temperature and methodology (active search or passive monitoring), depending on the reproductive season period. Thus, we conclude that passive acoustic monitoring is an efficient technique that can assist us in anuran studies.
Áreas adequadas para a anta-brasileira (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus 1758) na Mata-Atlântica: integrando fatores em diferentes escalas espaciais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Machado Filho, Cristiano Henrique Gonçalves; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Oliveira, Arthur Ângelo Bispo de; Silva, Alessandra Bertassoni da
In broad spatial scales, the distribution of the abiotic conditions is commonly used to predict the species’ distributions and environmental suitability. However, variables on smaller scales are important to this predicts as well. Anthropic changes on landscape-scale, like habitat removal and fragmentation, bring meaningful results to species population and can be overlooked in coarse-scale analysis. Here, we aim to integrate the effects of the processes which occur in both broad and fine spatial scale, with the effect of climatic variables and the effect of the variables on the landscape scale level, respectively. To achieve this goal, we focused on the Atlantic-forest region and used the lowland-tapir as a model to adjust relationships between a proxy of the abundance of this species and the habitat amount in 31 landscapes distributed on the biome. In the second step, we used Ecological Niche Models to estimate the environmental suitability in the Atlantic-forest. Finally, we included the values of suitability as a predictor in Generalizes Linear Models to estimate a proxy of abundance in response to the effects of habitat amount and environmental suitability to generate the distribution of this proxy along the biome. Our modeling approach indicated a positive effect of habitat amount on the local abundance of lowland-tapir, in contrast to climate which did not have an effect. These results show us a better predictive power when we include the effect of landscape-scale to estimate environmental suitability. The scale in which the lowland-tapir perceive the elements of the landscape in the Atlantic-forest was nine kilometers in this study. However, this scale can change as a function of the fragmentation level. Thus, we reinforce the importance of inclusion of the smaller scales and processes which occur on the landscape scale when modeling environmental suitability. Finally, our results indicate that environmental changes until the radius of nine kilometers on landscapes where the lowland-tapir occur can affect the persistence of this species. This distance is empirical support to the development of conservation actions in suitable areas to lowland-tapir in the Atlantic-forest.
Áreas de intensa agropecuária podem apresentar comunidades de anuros representativas?
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) Ramos, Jade; Nomura, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9506582657045983; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990
The attributes that make amphibians good environmental indicators are permeable skin, shell-less eggs and life cycle with two phases in most of the species, one terrestrial (adult) and other aquatic (tadpoles). Moreover, they are important components of many ecological communities, either by eating a multitude of insects or serving as prey for other animals. Currently many species have suffered population declines or have become extinct. The hypotheses tested were: (a) water bodies in the southwest region of Goiás do not show species richness similar to other regions of the Cerrado biome; (b) the structural integrity (measured by environmental integrity index) of the water body interferes with richness and abundance of the anuran species found; (c) water bodies located in preserved areas show higher species richness, abundance of individuals and β diversity than anthropized water bodies (located in pasture, soy and sugar-cane fields). Field observations were conducted between 2009 and 2010 in six municipalities in southwest Goiás: Aporé, Jataí, Mineiros, Portelândia, Rio Verde and Serranópolis. Forty-three water bodies were sampled, being ten of them found in sugar cane crops, twelve in pasture, twelve in soybean crops and nine in areas of natural vegetation. We recorded 34 species of frogs. Considering all water bodies sampled in southwest Goiás, both collector’s curves made with the occurrences of tadpoles and adults tended to stabilize. The richness estimated for adults was 39.89 ± 5.06 and 35.82 ± 7.62 for tadpoles. The most abundant species in adult stage were Dendropsophus cruzi, D. minutus and Hypsiboas albopunctatus, respectively, while in larval stage the most abundant were Hypsiboas albopunctatus, Physalaemus cuvieri and Scinax fuscovarius. Overall, for both adults and tadpoles, we found no correlations between richness and abundance of species and environmental integrity index for any of the four types of water bodies. The only exception was when species abundance (adult phase) was related to the environmental integrity index of all water bodies. The species composition (adult and larval stage) did not differ among the types of water bodies. All hypotheses tested were rejected. Although the southwest Goiás is impacted by agriculture, the anuran species richness is similar to other areas of Cerrado.
Áreas prioritárias para restauração no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Silva, Thalline Rodrigues da; Loyola, Rafael Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7649189080736923; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Brum, Fernanda Thiesen
In parallel with strategies and actions focused on the conservation of biodiversity, scientists, decisionmakers, and different sectors of our society have been developing on strategies focused on the restoration of degraded areas. This is a particularly important issue for Brazil as signatory to the Paris Agreement, in which the Brazilian government is committed to restoring 12 million hectares of degraded areas by 2030. Such restoration will be regionalized, and the states of Brazil will need to indicate their priorities, strategies and tools to accomplish such task. Here, we identified priority areas for restoration in the state of Goiás in order to build scenarios in which the retention of soil carbon stock is maximized, as well as the representation of plant species, while seeking the lowest cost of opportunity to perform this restoration on rural landowners. We ran prioritizations following the principles of systematic conservation planning. We also considered the environmental debt within rural properties and, based on that, we evaluated all types of agricultural culture found on the properties to generate opportunity costs associated with restoration. After analyzing 166,635 rural properties across the state, we found a total debt of approximately 1,682,804.1330 hectares within properties’ Legal Reserve. We also observed that most rural properties that should be restored have an opportunity cost below R$5,000. In all prioritization scenarios, areas to the east and northeast of the state of Goiás were considered as priority. Our best restoration scenario captured ~35% of the state's entire carbon stock, nearly 70% (on average) of the distribution of endangered plant species included in the study and a reduction in opportunity cost of more than 70%. Systematic planning for restoration, as proposed here, if carried out in an organized and accountable way, can maximize the connectivity of protected areas within rural properties, bringing greater protection of species and guarantee of the provision of ecosystem services.
Atributos funcionais não estão correlacionados com sincronia em uma comunidade fitoplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Silva, Matheus Nunes da; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Bini, Luis Mauricio
Species abundance in a local community can be correlated over time. Similarly, the abundance of different local populations of a given species can vary synchronously. The study of these patterns, known as interspecific synchrony and population synchrony, respectively, may indicate the relative importance of interspecific interactions, environmental filters (at different spatial scales) and dispersal processes on the temporal dynamics of populations and communities. In addition, studies have sought to test whether the levels of synchrony (interspecific and population) are related to functional traits. For example, functionally similar species should have correlated dynamics under the effect of a strong environmental filter. As another example, a specialist species should have higher levels of population synchrony than a generalist species. Thus, in the first chapter of this dissertation, we used data on phytoplankton functional traits to test whether the level of interspecific synchrony between pairs of species is dependent on the functional dissimilarity between them. In addition, we tested whether the increase in functional diversity would influence community synchrony, which in turn, could affect community stability. In the second chapter, we tested whether specialist taxa would have greater spatial synchrony than generalists. For both chapters, we used a dataset on phytoplankton community in the Cana Brava Reservoir (Goiás State, Brazil). Our hypotheses were not supported by the results. However, in the first chapter, we found a predominance of positive correlations between species abundances, a result that indicates the importance of environmental filters. In the second chapter, the low values of population synchrony suggest that regional environmental factors were not strong enough to control population dynamics. In general, we suggest that future studies should test a similar set of traits to test the generality of correlates of synchrony.
Avaliação de métodos para estimativas de dissimilaridade em gradientes ecológicos com alta diversidade beta
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-18) Hoffmann, Júlio Cury; Melo, Adriano Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4602365265261727; Pereira, Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo; Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre Felizola
There are several problems on the analysis of biological communities with sparse data, resulting from gradients with high beta diversity. I used four strategies to solve this problem (Beals smoothing, Swan, Shortest Path and Extended Dissimilarity). I randomly removed from 1% to 50% of the individuals in empirical and simulated matrices. I then performed PCoA and nMDS ordinations and used Procrustes correlation of the original two dimensional ordination with the ordination obtained using the degraded matrices. For the simulated data set, I also correlated the ordenation in two dimensions with the coordinates of the samples in the two-dimensional simulated gradients. Finally, I analyzed how robustness to degradation, quantified as Procrustean correlation, was related to the matrix properties. Different from the expected, in the comparison of the degraded and original ordinations, the uncorrected data with a traditional dissimilarity index (Bray-Curtis) produced higher fit than the four methods evaluated. In relation to the coordinates of the simulated two-dimensional gradients, the evaluated methods were slightly better than the raw data. Overall, the simulated data were more robust to the degradation than the empirical ones and the data of abundance were more robust than matrices of presence and absence. Matrices with small proportion of zeros were more robust to degradation. I conclude that the correction methods evaluated distorted the pattern on the original data. Also, data with low beta diversity (few zeros) are robust to degradation and sufficient to reconstruct the original gradient.
Avaliação de potenciais estratégias de conservação para onça-pintada na Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-10) Diniz, Milena Fiuza; Oliveira, Arthur Ângelo Bispo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1100433822757573; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5139765780779893; Grelle, Carlos Eduardo de Viveiros; Gregorini, Marina Zanini; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; Oliveira, Arthur Ângelo Bispo de
It is expected that networks of protected areas (NPAs) play a key role in conservation of several carnivores species, as jaguar, since habitat fragmentation and population isolation are strong threats. Therefore, the identification and establishment of connector structures, such as corridors and stepping-stones, are essential to ensure the population persistence of these species. Here, we used graph approach and the habitat availability metrics to design NPAs for jaguars in Atlantic Forest and ranking protected areas and other forest fragments according to their importance for landscape connectivity. Our results indicate that the protected jaguar areas (PJAs) are important to functional connectivity, mainly the state parks located in the Serra do Mar. The potential stepping-stone network, formed by 564 fragments with higher levels of importance for connectivity, increased the number of connections in landscape and reduced the amount of isolated PJAs. Only 15 fragments of this network, located in the south of the Atlantic Forest, contributed with 88% of interpatch connectivity, being considered as potential sites for jaguars reintroduction. Most of these connector areas are under the less restrictive protection of sustainable use protected areas. The approach used here has simple data requirements and provides a valuable initial guide to planning NPAs, can be applied to many other species.
Avaliação do estado de conservação das aves brasileiras e da eficiência dos esforços conservacionistas através das listas vermelhas de espécies ameaçadas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-26) Spindola, João Paulo da Silva; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5139765780779893; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; Oprea, Monik; Bianchi, Carlos Abs da Cruz
The Planet is going through a Biodiversity crisis, the current extinction rates may be up to 1000 times greater than the natural background rates. Because of this, international policies were signed, with the purpose to mitigate the loss of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) is among the adopted indicators to evaluate the performance of conservation actions put into action by countries. The RLI is calculated using information of changes in the red lists categories to a set of species. This tool has been largely applied both at regional, and the global levels in order to make a systematic biodiversity monitoring. Here, we applied the RLI to native Brazilian birds in the time interval of 1988-2012. We have explored the trends in the RLI between different biomes, taxonomic orders and threats. Furthermore, we evaluated the National Actions Plans (PAN, in Portuguese) in order to assess their effectiveness through the RLI. We found out that despite conservation actions, the overall trend is an increased extinction risk. Between the biomes, the Amazon presents the greater decline in bird conservation status. The factor that caused the greatest increase in threat is the impact of road construction. The PAN uses an approach of reactive conservation, focusing on species already threatened. In the absence of conservation efforts the RLI to endemic species would have declined an additional of 12.95%.
Bioacústica de barycholos ternetzi ( Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) no Brasil Central
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-25) Silva, Priscila Lemes de Azevedo; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990
In most species of anurans, the males vocalizes and through the advertisement call information such as size and physical strength are transmitted in a manner that maintains or increases the relative attractiveness of reproductive females in the household. Thus, males may to engage in competitions acoustic or physical, limiting the acoustic space available for the vocalizations of other males. The goals of this study were to describe the acoustic behavior of Barycholos ternetzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) study was conducted in October 2009, the National Forest (NF) of Silvânia in the city of Silvânia, the State of Goiás was sampled three environment different in NF: preserved gallery forest, disturbed gallery forest and open area. Males Barycholos ternetzi have wide repertoire, displayed seven distinct vocalizations: advertisement call, aggressive call, three types of fighting call, distress call and mixed call. The advertisement call was the most frequent vocalization. Vocalizations are short and pulsed structure, except for fighting call 1 and distress call, as it had three harmonics. The mixed calls are formed by the emission of two or three notes similar to the advertisement call followed by an aggressive call. The vocalizations were sent to fight in physical combat between two males, while the mixed call was sent in the aggregate at least ten individuals. This suggests that the mixed calls of B. ternetzi could be a graded aggressive call system, which allows male to gradually reduce the number of attractive elements while increasing the aggressiveness of the call. The frequency of the advertisement call was the only acoustic parameter for both the static coefficient of variation for intra and inter. Although, according to the reason CVe /CVi > 1, all parameters are potentially used in individual identification for the advertisement and aggressive calls. The individual discrimination in low density is higher with 41% and 57.5% depending on the call and the acoustic properties of the model. This suggests that there is difference in ranking when compared high and low density for males of B. ternetzi, however, have low individual distinction. For B. ternetzi, the call duration was the most important parameter for the differences between males in the advertisement call. At the aggressive call, dominant frequency was the most important parameter for individuals of B. ternetzi vocalizing in high density, while the call duration to low density. The dominant frequency is influenced by the call duration and the body size, but not by the distance between individuals. B. ternetzi send calls longer and more frequent in low temperature and there is a positive influence on call duration in the repetition rate, indicating that the temporal parameters are more susceptible to fluctuations in temperature while the spectral parameter of the honest old male. Differences in the transmission of the acoustic parameters were seen only between the environments of the disturbed gallery forest and open area, since the reverberation is a common distortion of sound in forests, making the transmission more efficient in the open area.
Biogeografia da conservação de morcegos no cerrado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-06) Barreto, Bruno de Souza; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079
The units of conservation are main strategy adopted by the rulers to guarantee that the negative effects of the socioeconomic development reach less the biodiversity. recent researches have been trying to outline the problem through reserve selection that seek larger representativeness of the goals of conservation (in general some estimador of the biodiversity as the species) in terms of a smaller number of areas as possible. in the last 50 years the cerrado is going by transformations in their natural landscapes due to the progress of the modern agriculture and of the livestock. due to that, the objective of that work was to define priority areas network for conservation of bats in terms of five conservation sceneries differents. the generated nets were restricted by socioeconomic cost, presence of cave and a cost that considers the previous two cost. the results revealed main features of analyses of complementarity: multiple solutions, flexibility of the nets, and influence of the rarity of the species for the definition of groups starting from the pattern of rarity. the costs were important for definition of nets that avoided as much conflicts of conservation as prioritized the species in areas of cave.
Biogeografia neutra e a evolução de redes complexas de interações bióticas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-24) Coelho, Marco Túlio Pacheco; Rangel, Thiago Fernando Lopes Valle de Britto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1613666671361533; Rangel, Thiago Fernando Lopes Valle de Britto; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Dambros, Cristian de Sales
A contemporary goal in ecology is to determine the ecological and evolutionary processes that generates the recurring structural patterns in mutualistic networks. One of the greatest challenges is testing the capacity of neutral processes to replicate observed patterns in ecological networks, since original formulation of neutral theory lacks trophic interactions. Here, we developed a stochastic simulation neutral model adding trophic interactions to the neutral theory of biodiversity. We show that our model is able to reproduce accurately the evolutionary conservatism of interacting species, as well as the most common structural patterns observed in nature. Moreover, we found that evolutionary conservatism of interacting species increases with lowmigration rate.Low migration rates promote both spatial and temporal autocorrelation of phylogenetic related species, which have a higher chance of interacting randomly with the same set of partners. Random migration , in addition to speciation and probability of interaction, are also partially responsible for connectance, degree distribution, and nested structure of mutualistic networks. These findings have broad implications to the interpretation of niche-based processes as unique drives of ecological networks, as well as the integration of network structures with demographic stochasticity.
Communication breakdown! Como a perda de informação afeta o resultado de interações comportamentais em Sporophila maximiliani
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-14) Santos, Gabriela Sales dos; Nomura, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9506582657045983; Nomura, Fausto; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Bastos, Rogério Pereira
Communication is part of several social interactions of animals and the transmission of information and decoding by the receiver depend on the quality of the emitted signal, which can be acoustic, visual and/or chemical. The degradation of these signals can generate loss of information and cause damage to the animals' vital processes. Considering that anxiety prepares the individual for unpredictable situations, the loss of information has the potential to cause stress and motivational conflict in organisms, resulting in altered behavior, as has already been demonstrated for anuran species. In this project, we seek to understand, through a systematic review, trends, advances and gaps in experimental studies on animal communication, with a focus on studies that investigate the effect of signal quality changes on communication and interactions. We also aimed to understand whether the loss of information alters behavioral interactions in birds, using the species Sporophila maximiliani as a model. For this, we performed two experiments: i) a playback experiment, to simulate the acoustic signal and ii) a mirror model, to simulate the visual signal. We identified that the number of publications on animal communication with an experimental approach, which investigate social interactions and/or behavioral changes, has been increasing since the 90s. However, the impact of these studies on the scientific community does not follow this growth, with few publications receiving greater attention. emphasis. We also note that the number of studies using endangered species is still low, showing a lack of studies with more vulnerable animals. There are also few experimental studies with signal quality in relation to the total number of publications in animal communication, despite the results of studies that address changes in the signal showing that damage to the signal has an impact on individuals and the interactions they carry out. In our experiments, we also identified that the behavior of Sporophila maximiliani is affected by the loss of information during communication, generating stress and fear in the individuals. However, this effect was dependent on the signal modality, so that for visual signals the loss of information does not cause this effect. Thus, changes in signals in communication had a direct effect on individuals and it is extremely important to promote studies that seek to understand how each group of organisms responds to these changes.
Como a proximidade de atividades agrícolas afeta libélulas? Efeitos sobre traços biológicos de Hetaerina rosea
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Pinto, Nelson Silva; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Daud, Rodrigo Damasco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0051569214196052; Daud, Rodrigo Damasco; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Cardoso, Paulo E. P.; Bastos, Rogério P.; Nomura, Fausto
In our study, we evaluated the proximity of agricultural activities and the percentage of area with anthropogenic activities affect the development of Hetaerina rosea. The impacts of human activities may lead to instability of the development of organisms before they affect population variables. Understanding how these effects are negative for individuals can be a powerful metric and assist in decision making regarding the management of impacts. The most commonly used measure to assess how the developmental instability is fluctuating asymmetry (AF). Although several studies provide support for using AF as an indicator of stress during development, others have questioned its validity as a bioindication tool. Our findings suggest little support to AF. However, we must consider that development is an integrated process and other biological traits may be affected during development. Weight is one of these variables. In our study, we observed that individuals from environments near to agricultural activities had lower weights. This result can be explained by the influence of stresses during the larval stage, such as, for example, the presence of pesticides in streams, increased competition from adult males by breeding territories or lesser quantity/quality of food availability in streams nearby to agricultural activities. Although the hypothesis of food stress in the larval stage or adult stage cannot be considered separately, they may provide that, in Odonata, the size would be maintained in detriment of weight, since stresses during the larval stage lead to energy investment in compensatory growth through increased metabolism. Our results can be interpreted according to this premise since no significant differences between the average size of the wings. Thus, we suggest that for a more integrated view of how anthropogenic stresses affect the development of Odonata other variables should be used in addition to AF, such as weight and size.
Como o comportamento animal pode influenciar a distribuição das espécies
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-21) Lima, Herlander Correia de; Samia, Diogo Soares Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1125748151288407; Rangel, Thiago Fernando Lopes Valle de Britto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1613666671361533; Rangel, Thiago Fernando Lopes Valle de Britto; Nomura, Fausto; Ortega, Jean Carlos Gonçalves; Samia, Diogo Soares Menezes
Research in animal personality is increasing our understanding of what prevents a species from colonizing new areas, which is one of the outstanding questions in biogeography. Some behavioral types can perform better than others in specific stages involved in range expansion. For example, a high exploratory behavior increases the chances of finding new resources in novel environments. However, inconsistent results in the literature hindered a definite recognition of the role of animal personalities on species distributions. I collected data available in the literature and performed a bayesian meta-analysis to assess which behavioral types are driving range expansion in the following biogeographical processes: dispersal, migration and invasion. I used several moderators to try to discern context-dependencies in effect sizes. A hierarchical model, with effect sizes nested within studies, revealed that more exploratory and bolder behaviors facilitate range expansion. Also, I found that invasive individuals are more likely to be more exploratory and more active than natives, while dispersers are generally bolder and more exploratory than non-dispersers. Yet, the low study sample size obtained for analysis stresses the need to conduct more primary studies. Results highlight the role of behavioral traits in species distributions and increase our knowledge about which ecological characteristics might prepare species to endure the current global environmental challenges.
Complementaridade de atributos reduz a decomposição de folhas em assembleias experimentais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-06) Plazas Jiménez, Oscar Daniel; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Gonçalves Júnior, José Francisco; Bini, Luis Mauricio
Theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that the mass ratio and the niche complementarity hypothesis are able to explain how species trait composition drives decomposition, an ecosystem process related with nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. These two hypotheses are respectively related with the mean trait values of individuals present in a given community and its variance. Thus, it is impossible to test them adequately without experiments planned to approach these two aspects simultaneously. Although leaf functional traits influence decomposition process, an experimental design made to disentangle the unique, combined and strength of effects of the mechanisms proposed by MRH and NCH on decomposition should use leaf functional traits as predictors, but this has not yet been done. Here, we used two leaf nutritional traits (leaf nitrogen and magnesium-calcium content) and one structural trait (specific leaf area; SLA) from 20 species of seasonal dry forest to simulate leaf mixtures with different mean trait values (calculated as community-weighted mean; CWM) and variation of trait values (functional diversity; FD). For each trait, 40 leaf mixtures with different quasi-orthogonal combinations of CWM and FD were selected and left in the field to decompose for six months. We found that MRH mechanisms exert predominant role on decomposition where low and high CWM values were related with high biomass loss. Then, this add more evidence to support that the mean trait values of leaf mixtures are the main drivers of biomass loss. Contrary to previously evidences, trait complementarity does not increase efficiency and instead, an increasing in niche complementarity (high FD values) was followed by a decreasing in biomass loss efficiency. So, this question the importance of mechanism behind NCH on leaf decomposition. Additionally, we found that whereas nutritional traits were able to predict leaf decomposition, structural traits were not, in opposite to what is reported in the literature. Our results highlight that the mean resources quality of the leaf mixtures is the main driver of biomass loss and trait complementarity does not increase efficiency of biomass loss. Due to this, we proposed that in future studies mean resources quality of the leaf mixtures will be use as parameter to test and predict the possible impacts of human-induced changes on nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.

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