Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais

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Adoção de tecnologia na pecuária leiteira e conservação ambiental: estudo de caso em propriedades rurais de Silvânia, Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-23) Fernandes, Hayla da Silva; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Miziara, Fausto
The necessity to produce food should incorporate environmental protection, knowing that it´s the main responsible for occupation of land and native areas also causes important impacts at the landscape. Produce food to supply a world growing population brings the challenge of increase productivity of properties decreasing the impact per unit of feed produced. Cattle raising is the main responsible for anthropization in Brazilian biomes, and especially dairy activity are very important and present in most of Brazilian proprieties, characterized by a big range of diversity producer profiles, majority by pasture systems and big heterogeneity in the technology employment. The answers to challenges presented, in general way, imply in a standard of technology adoption who can articulate a better productivity and less environmental impact. Thus, this research looked for measure the relationship between the technology standard and environmental impacts in dairy properties at Silvânia, Goiás. Were worked the technology employee on that and conservation rates of vegetation local provided by Long Term Research Program (PELD) to generate the present work. In this research was verified that properties who utilized more technology impacted less the environment, measured by conservation indicators, besides be more productive, diluting the impact per milk litter produced. Therefor there is a strong and positive relationship between adoption of technology and less environmental impact. It is worth mentioning that properties who use artificial insemination also presents more productivity (milk production in relation with total number of animal at the farm) in comparison with farms non users. A bigger efficiency at utilization of productive resources in general way also are associated with less environmental impact.
Agronegócio, desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade: Um estudo de caso em Rio Verde GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-12) GUIMARÃES, Gislene Margaret Avelar; RIBEIRO, Francis Lee; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1763392088652134; ECHEVERRÍA, Agustina Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5515276044247189
The development has been taken as a synonymous with economic growth in most contemporary societies. Nevertheless, the emergence of social problems, ecological and economic ones has also shown the inadequacy of this conception. In this context, the idea of sustainable development emerges as a way to reconcile economic growth, social justice and ecological prudence, covering different theoretical and ideological positions and configuring a field of dispute about how to understand- taking in social practices - the development and the sustainability. The present work analyzed the development of agribusiness in Rio Verde (Goias, Brazil) related with social and ecological dimensions, mediated by the institutional dimension. The results obtained from research and application of the Delphi Panel on Sustainability for temporal analysis of sustainable development indices in the municipality indicate the growth of agribusiness has contributed to improvements in living conditions of the population, but has brought negative impacts to environment. Also indicates the changes in production systems, due to social and institutional pressures, that can result in a development model more sustainable.
Água: qualidade, interações ambientais e implicações socioeconômicas no estudo de caso do Lago dos Tigres (GO)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-07) Oliveira, Juliano Eduardo de; Aguiar, Maria do Amparo Albuquerque; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho; Bernardes, Marcelo Corrêa; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Miziara, Fausto
The process of expansion and occupation of Goiás was based on farming practices. The municipality of Britain emerges in this context of agrarian expansion, in which the land is located where the city were bought and sold as small rural. The city has much of its economy facing livestock, however other activity has been increasing in the region such as tourism, which attracts hundreds of people there due to the Lago dos Tigres. The lake is the main postcard of the region, possessing 24km long and being located in the basins of the rivers Araguaia-Tocantins, this lake is formed by the meeting of the waters of the Rivers and Clean Water Red and that, combined with the local geography form a valley blocked. The lake has over time shown signs of environmental degradation due to the way the two main economic activities of the municipality using its resources. For this reason, the objectives of this study were: to survey, the main socioeconomic characteristics of the city, establishing the main income-generating activities in the region and see how these activities can impact upon quality of life of the local population and water quality lake. Also we made a characterization of the spatial evolution of the use and occupation of land in the county between the years 1988.1998 and 2009, in order to check how busy it was and how soil surrounding the Lake of the Tigers, was also verified how of land in the watershed may be interfering with the dynamics and interaction of phytoplankton communities and ficoperifíticas littorallimnetic gradient in the lake, as well as to analyze the influence of the hydrological cycle on these communities. The socioeconomic characteristics of the municipality of Britain was made with secondary data concerning agriculture, livestock, tourism, demographics, social and cultural region in the last ten years. Specific data on the region's economic development and the importance of the lake to the population were made through questionnaires. An Index of Sustainable Development for Municipalities (IDSM) was used to assess levels of sustainability in the region. The results highlighted the importance of the lake for the Tigers has the city's economy and for local people and how these activities are interfering with the water quality of the lake and in the diversity of species of algae that are the base of the food chain in aquatic system. The study found that deforestation in the region is endangering the Lake of the Tigers, and that this presents a direct relationship between man and water, harming the quality of life of people living in Britain. The reflection of local environmental change is reflected in the trophic status of the oligotrophic lake that already features indicative of transition to mesotrofia. The communities ficológicas not yet had major changes in its structure with significance. However, in recent years with morphological changes of the lake changes occurred in some aspects limnóligicos and this occurred with the rise of cyanobacteria at the site, indicating possible disturbances that may affect the water quality of the lake.
Alterações antropogênicas e seu efeito sobre a comunidade de heteroptera (gerromorpha)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-27) Silva, Karina Dias da; Marco Junior, Paulo De; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723007A6
There are large gaps in knowledge about the identity of species 21 (Linnean shortfall) and their spatial distribution (Wallacean shortfall). These gaps are 22 especially of particular concern in least developed countries in tropical regions which 23 harbor great species diversity but still lack of investments in conservation. In addition, 24 these regions are important areas for agricultural production, making the ignorance even 25 more worrying for conservation. Our objective was to analyze the temporal dynamics of 26 scientific literature on aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera, adressing questions related 27 to gaps of knowledge in this taxonomic group in Brazil and South America. Researches 28 focused on Heteroptera have been advancing in the last years, but much remains to 29 bedone. Especially for countries like Brazil, which lacks of satisfactory knowledge 30 about its fauna and its spatial/environmental relationships, especially in difficult access 31 areas and also in areas that have little or no one qualified researcher.
Ambientalismo de livre mercado e análise do discurso ambiental: o caso do Brasil Mata Viva
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-05) Godinho, Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida; Miziara, Fausto; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782255Y8; Miziara, Fausto; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Ferreira, Denise Paiva
Capitalism and the environmental, for many, are seen as extreme opposites. One of the intentions in this work is to discuss how this conflict is developed and to show solutions for it, having the case of Brasil Mata Viva to represent the realized theoretical discussion. However, it is not central to this work to explore the conflict between capitalism and the environment, but to show a reality where both were put together harmonically. This work has two main theoretical focal points: free market environmentalism and environmental discourse analysis. Firstly, an exposé about free market environmentalism and its main concepts was made, paving the way the theory used to study Brasil Mata Viva. Secondly, the environmental discourse analysis is debated, and is shown its categories. Right after, an presentation of Brasil Mata Viva was realized, showing its history, actions and relations with society. Finally, the data obtained is discussed in the light of the methodologies given by the theories of free market capitalism and environmental discourse analysis where markets, relations with institutional public figures, community and the environment are central. The results show a contradictory combination, although successful, rooted by the studied context which challenges the theorized conceptions.
Análise da fragilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Almas, GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-09) Vespucci, Ariel Godinho; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4592570099084884; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fasto; Bayer, Maximiliano; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson
The Das Almas River Basin (BHRA) is one of the main affluent from Serra da Mesa reservoir in northern Goiás, covering Central Goiano Mesoregion and part of Northwest, North and East regions in Goiás. There are 38 municipalities served by important infrastructure roads focused on national macroeconomics (Ferrovia Norte-Sul and BR-153), which are fundamental to the occupation history of this region. With growing process of transforming the Cerrado native vegetation into anthropic uses encouraged by public policies for agricultural and industrial development, the pressure on BHRA's natural resources has increased. This study proposes an analysis of BHRA's Environmental Fragility evolution (ROSS, 1994), which fragility degrees result from the interaction and interdependence of components in natural and socioeconomic systems. So, BHRA's environmental fragility evolution was analyzed by comparing the fragility maps of the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2018, produced by the cartographic data intersection of physical environment with those of land use and occupation in the corresponding years. The results indicate that biotic and socioeconomic factors dynamics are responsible for different forms of occupation of this region and the evolution of BHRA's environmental fragility, since the morphopedological characteristics do not change in analysis time scale. Throughout the study period, the remaining vegetation is concentrated in higher altitudes regions, with greater relief dissection, while anthropic use occurs in flatter areas, with better soils and less dissection. Over the years studied, the gains in strong and medium fragility areas followed the losses in Cerrado areas and pastures and agriculture gains in the first two decades. This link between Cerrado areas and environmental fragility in BHRA becomes more evident when, from 2005 to 2018, there is a Cerrado recovery (gain of areas) and areas of weak and very weak fragilities, simultaneously the loss pasture and medium fragility areas, accompanied by a drop in growth in strong and very strong fragility areas. The analysis of environmental fragility and the identification of environmental systems are important subsidies for environmental planning aiming sustainable development of the study area.
Análise da Sustentabilidade Ambiental em Estabelecimentos Agrícolas em Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-06-18) ALVES, Luiz Batista; MIZIARA, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; BASTOS, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990
In this work are presented and discussed other forms of studies related to analysis of environmental sustainability with the use of methods that permit the human environment to demonstrate its environmental impacts on rural properties in the town of Silvânia, State of Goiás. The choice of the municipality of Silvânia occurred because of present permanent preservation areas susceptible to exploitation by various activities in the city, allowing checking the environmental sustainability in land reform settlements in comparison with other rural property. The Project for Sustainable Development (PDS), established in 1999 comes meet the new brazilian environmental laws, seeking the durability and perpetuity of the settlements (family farm) in order to provide less environmental impact. On the other hand, has been observed that in large farms (agricultural employer) occurs deforestation to expand the area explored, giving rise to a particular crop, in seeking increases in production. Studies have shown the link between deforestation and biodiversity conservation consequences that hinder sustainable development. Still, the methodology of the indices applied to the settlement of São Sebastião da Garganta and João de Deus, the results showed considerable levels of sustainability. Analyzing the settlements in comparison with the Farm Silvânia through satellite images, it appears that the agrarian reform, there were minor differences of deforestation between periods and a greater difference occurred in the Farm Silvânia as favoring extensive livestock farming. But we can not say that the settlements have a higher level of environmental sustainability, where by means of observation of annual averages, there are almost identical proportions of deforestation, and that the settlements, deforestation occurred in a more fragmented than in Farm Silvânia and may cause a greater reduction of species in the environment, reducing the potential for environmental sustainability. Finally, the results may serve as guidance in formulating environmental policy to keep families in agrarian reform settlements, contributing to sustainable development of rural properties in the region, coupled with supervision to allow continuity in the production process in a sustainable manner.
Análise físico-química e ecotoxicológica de combustíveis obtidos a partir do craqueamento termo-catalítico de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) TAVARES, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira; ANTONIOSI FILHO, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454
The present paper describes the theoretical reference for the study of the polymeric thermal catalytic cracking. A review on these type of materials it was accomplished, beginning for an introduction on new sources of alternative energy. Recycling plastics used as alternative sources fuels was evaluated under the environmental and point of view physical -chemical..The studies permitted validate the developed methodology in the research.. Ecotoxicology was used as a fundamental tool to evaluate the toxicity levels of alternative fuels sources, and the obtained levels was compared to the thoroughly used fuels, such as diesel and gasoline. And the Histology studies generated in the ecotoxicology analyses, was used as a supporting tool to obtain the conclusions.
Análise geoecológica como subsídio ao planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográficado rio Caldas-GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-05) Sousa, Ana Caroline Rodrigues Cassiano de; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Silva, Edson Vicente da
The landscapes of hydrographic basins in Cerrado of Goiás are the target of many transformations, often due to agriculture and pasture exploitation and due to the lack of the use planning of natural resources, which can cause environmental impacts as vegetation fragmentation and erosions, which motivate integrated and interdisciplinary studies, as that utilized in the theoretical and methodological approach of Landscape Geoecology. The Hydrographic Basin of Caldas River (BHRC) presents multiple uses and its main river is indicated as the future watercourse for the public supply of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Therefore, this work aims to propose priority areas for environmental conservation of BHRC, to reduce the impacts of fragmentation and soil losses. The methodological procedures involved the surveying of the socio-environmental aspects; the cartography of Geoecological Unities (UGs) by superposition of hypsometry, slope, precipitation, geology, and pedology; the analysis of land occupation dynamics through MapBiomas 4.0 for the years of 1988, 2000 e 2018; the analysis of landscape metrics (CA, PLAND, NP, TCA, TCAI, TE e ENN-MN), validated by Principal Component Analysis; the mapping of erosion vulnerability, with weights and arithmetical standard between the themes; and the adoption of criteria to the proposition of priority areas: remanent areas since 1988, >100ha nearby APPs of water bodies, in UGs more significant and with patches more vulnerable to erosions. The BHRC was compartmentalized into six Relief Geoecological Unities (UGR), subdivided into 34 UGs, and pasture is the predominant class of use in the whole basin. In almost all the UGRs, parts of native vegetation were converted to agriculture and pasture, mainly in soft relief, the grassland area the most fragmented in size and isolation, followed by savannas and forestall, and central areas represents about 21%, 24%, and 45%, respectively; forest isolation and area reduction are considerable, in comparison to other regions of Cerrado. The medium erosion vulnerabilities are predominant since 2000 and the medium and high presents an increase mainly related to anthropogenic uses, which emphasizes the need for conservation to avoid and mitigate risks. Of the remanent fragments since 1988, 19 matched the adopted criteria and were suggested as priority areas to environmental conservation; is expected that this area would be used as aids in the conservation planning of biodiversity, hydric and edaphic protection in BHRC.
Aplicação da dendrocronologia na identificação de processos erosivos e incêndios florestais nos parques estaduais Altamiro de Moura Pacheco e João Leite, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-15) Oliveira, Thaynnara Borges; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Chagas, Matheus Peres
The hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) represents to the Goiás State an important sourceof water, responsible for supplying more than 50% of the population of the state capital, Goiânia, and contain two important conservation units of the Cerrado Biome. The overall objective of this paper was to evaluate the chronological evolution and impacts on vegetation caused by laminar erosion processes and/or linear and by forest fires in State Parks Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) and João Leite (PEJoL). The methodological procedures consisted in a multi-integrated assessment for the catchment area and the areas of the parks, being held for the basin: (1) the lifting of the physical attributes of the basin, (2) the morphopedologic Compatments, (3) The analysis of the susceptibility to laminar erosion and (4) Mapping of erosion of the basin, and in the area of the parks (including buffer zone): (5) sieve analysis of soil; (6) Mapping of fire risk to vegetation; (7) historical analysis of the occupation of the land use between 1985 and 2017; (8) analysis dendrogeomorfology and dendropirocronologia. The results indicated the presence of four compartments morfopedológicos, two were characterized as fragile by physical attributes natural; it was identified high susceptibility to the occurrence of laminar erosion processes and linear, confirmed by mapping of more than 3,000 erosions on BHRJL, being that the more critical areas coincide with the area where are the Conservation Units, which historically coexist with predominant use of pastures. The textural analysis of soil showed high content of the sand fraction, mainly fine sand and coarse sand in the soil inside the remainder in both dispersion in NaOH as the dispersion in water. This tendency occurs both in the horizon of the surface and the underlying horizons due to the profound transformation of quartz-rich rocks and poor in primary minerals converted into clay, compatible with the litology aluminoso Gnaisse, Metagranito And Quatzito. vThe mapping of fire risk indicates that the southern and southeastern portion of the remainder as critical areas for the event of a fire. The analysis of dendrocronológica 17 tree individuals of Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) And Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicated a high potential of these species in the area with a series with good index of intercorrelação (Cedar = 0,642; COPAIBA = 0,702). The analysis of dendropirocronologia indicated that the most powerful fires occurred in the decade of 1990, as the dendrogeomorfologia was not possible to correlate the time series with events longshore because was not observed inside of the parks erosion processes or traces of sedimentation, excepting the ravine near the highway and the ravine in inner raceway. In a general way the forest remnant requires greater supervision especially in high-risk areas the forest fire. The area of the park is an area of great fragility and excessive pisoteamento care should be taken to avoid that these processes to settle, because, the containment of same in sandy soil is quite costly and laborious.
Aplicação do modelo WEAP na avaliação de alocação de água do reservatório dos Pequenos Libombos, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-12) Notisso, Pedro Francisco; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Teixeira, Denílson; Cortes, Jussanã Milograna
The issue of satisfying human and environmental water needs has been tackled in the water resources management and planning framework in the Africa Austral. Currently, the Umbeluzi river basin is Greater Maputo main source of water supply. This study was driven by uncertainties generated by difficulties in meeting future water needs. What can happen to water supply if the patterns of population growth, industrial growth and increase in irrigation areas change? This article aims at assessing the capacity of meeting water needs in the Greater Maputo area in Mozambique through application of WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System). WEAP is a model that allows simulation of water resource systems with multiple uses in an integrated manner. The case study is the Mozambican part of the Umbeluzi River basin. Four scenarios were simulated: the reference scenario which corresponds to the on-going exploitation; three impact scenarios: Lower Growth that represents lower values of growth of consumption sites, Trend that reflects average growth values of consumption sites and Greater Growth which corresponds to higher values of population growth, expansion of the agricultural and industrial area, between 2018 and 2040 and adaptation measure. The methodology included the estimation of affluences to the system obtained from the results of the Water Year Method. An assessment of the capacity to meet water needs was made using indicators such as coverage and supply guarantee. The results obtained show the system's inability to meet current and future needs. The system has an annual water supply guarantee of 70.9% and 63.5% in the Reference and Lower Growth scenarios, with more critical values of 42.1% and 31.7% in the Trend and Higher Growth scenarios. All scenarios have an average duration of each failure exceeding three months.
Aproveitamento de filer de pedreiras da região metropolitana de Goiânia em pavimentos flexíveis urbanos [manuscrito]: avaliação técnica e sócio-ambiental
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-11-27) LUZ, Marta Pereira da; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417
The generation of industrial waste has been the object of increasing attention in the field of Science and Technology because of the problems which arise when it is stored and inadequately disposed of. This can have negative consequences for the worker, the company and for the neighboring population. In addition it can generate liabilities for the environment. Measures which internalize such liabilities for the productive system are necessary, but not sufficient to bring about large scale changes in what concerns the sustainable management of solid waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technical and participative solutions. Technical solutions would make it viable to reuse or reduce the generation of waste, while participative solutions would reduce the negative consequences for communities and bodies who directly or indirectly are part of this process. In this context, waste from the quarrying of crushed stone was studied in the metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Quarrying is an important source of resources for the economic development of the region but it is also a great generator of solid waste. The research began with the physical and chemical characterization of filler, which forms the greatest volume of solid waste, resulting from quarrying and focused on its general effects on health. It also evaluated how the workers in these companies relate to the environmental issue in this context in which they live. A survey with questions was distributed and from the answers it could be concluded that the profile of these workers is extremely lacking in information which would provide them with information to deal with legal aspects directly related to their activity. Furthermore, it could be seen that specific methodologies in Environmental Education are needed to attend to these cases. It was also detected that the accumulation of filler can be harmful to society in terms of health. This is because of its physical and chemical characteristics, and in particular its considerable concentration of silica. These facts justify the need to find a technical solution to reduce the quantity of this waste. Hence it was decided to test different blends of natural soil and filler, using laboratory tests based on soil mechanics, with a view to investigating the possibility of using filler in road pavement, as it absorbs enormous quantities of material in its constituent layers and has attracted the attention of researchers in an effort to find new alternative uses for the different types of industrial waste. At this phase, tests were carried out for characterization, CBR, dynamic triaxial tests, permeability, compressive strength using varied quantities of lateritic clay soil as filler. From the results of these tests it was possible to claim that proportions of 30% filler added to compacted soil with modified energy and 20% filler added to compacted soil with intermediate energy can be used for base and sub base purposes, respectively, in flexible urban pavements with light traffic. The result of the resilience module points to the need for prudence in the use of filler, as repeated loads of filler in the test showed that the samples which were most appropriate in the CBR Statistical Test can undergo processes leading to a loss of mechanical resistance. After deciding in the laboratory on the most appropriate proportions of soil-filler for use in pavements, an experimental track was built using this material. An analysis of its behavior was done using the following field tests: sand flagon test, speedy, dynamic cone penetration, loading plate and Benkelman beam. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained from a track built in the same location with soil-crushed rock and lateritic gravel, both considered conventional material. It could be concluded that the mechanical behavior of the experimental track built with soil-filler blends are adequate for the conditions established by the technical norm in force up until the moment they were monitored, since its mechanical behavior is comparable to that obtained when using conventional materials
Aptidão agrícola, mudanças de usos dos solos, conflitos e impactos diretos e indiretos da expansão da cana-de-açúcar na região sudoeste goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-30) Trindade, Silas Pereira; Coutinho, Heitor; Castro, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417
During the last 40 years, Cerrado in Goiás crossed to big changes of land use associated with the Green Revolution and the Agriculture Modernization. These modifications were based on grains production, cattle raising, in minor scale, sugar cane production. Goiás Sowth-west Planning Region (RPSG) was a great notability in this scenery that, since 1980 decade, because your elevated agricultural aptness, turned great objective of Agroindustrial complexes, grains and meat and, more recently, of sugar cane. Recently, the sugar cane sector retakes your expansion starting a new phase in 2004, extending from the same anterior surface from east, where more able soils dominated. Since this, a strong and fast expansion has been realized in this route, reaching the RPSG extreme west in 2008. The present thesis objective to recognize the special standard in these two sugar cane expansion phases in RPSG, between 1985 and 2013 and identify your relations with the lands use changes and with the agricultural aptness classes, for presenting the particular spatial standards of sugar cane expansion and having uses conflicts discrepancy indicators. It was used remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, specially SIG, for the mapping of environmental characteristics, agricultural aptness and uses and soil uses conflicts, in historic succession of representative five years of use changes and sugar cane expansion; they were 1985 and 1995 in the first phase, and 2005, 2010 and 2013 in the second phase. The cartography results were submitted on statistic analyze ANOVA Fatorial and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The results showed that the recent sugar cane expansion presented two spatial standards: the first, until 2005, in surfaces with more agricultural aptness, before with grains culture; the second, since 2005, in moderately or very fragile soils zones, able for natural pastures or recommended for flora e fauna conservation. It still revealed that sugar cane expansion reprises the agroexporting model, this time including the national market of ethanol consumption, however, in two successive itineraries: the first, that represents the itinerary resulting of spatial selectivity irradiated type, also practiced in Agricultural Frontier expansion (1970-80), looking for more able soils to cultivates with high technology level and taking advantage of structure, specially the logistic. The second, after 2005, that runs away this standard and goes to the extreme west of region, upon less able soils, in general sandy soils, with elevated erodibility, little fertility and cohesion, named fragile soils, with pasture and Cerrado’s reminders. It discusses that this process caused direct and indirect impacts in successions of covering/cane and pasture/cane, respectively, in consequence of deforestation, upon areas with moderated or elevated use discrepancy in respect to agricultural aptness. It concludes that the sugar cane expansion is occurring in RPSG for spatial irradiated selectivity, expanding upon the best lands (1960-80 in the east) and, before, 2005, for diffusion, in dispersed spots on direction to extreme west upon less able lands with fragile soils. In the first, the impacts were directs, by reconversion grains/cane; in the second, it were directs (like the first, added for pasture/cane and remaining/cane) and indirects (grains/pasture, remaining/pasture) also associated to the remaining deforestation. It was noted that the privation/insufficiency of regulatory marks for sugar cane expansion and planning and environmental govern in levels of state and region, favoring pressure upon natural resources and the installation of environmental (un)sustentability sceneries.
Arcabouço gravimétrico brasileiro e o meio ambiente: possibilidades e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-30) Castro Júnior, Carlos Alberto Corrêa e; Magna Júnior, João Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2244138684381538; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Matos, Ana Cristina Oliveira Cancoro de; Blitzkow, Denizar; Guimarães, Gabriel do Nascimento
Geodesy, one of the strands that compose the Geosciences, deals with the study of Earth’s gravity shape, dimensions and field, besides providing the reference infrastructure for social and economic development throughout the planet In Brazil, the geodetic infrastructure has been developed over time through the implementation of high precision planialtimetric and gravimetric networks. In recent years, Geodesy has relied on satellite technologies to provide fast, precise and accurate positioning that allows considering the movements and deformations of global lithospheric plates. This thesis refers to the synergy between the national geodetic infrastructure and some current environmental issues. Thus, besides exploring Geodesy minutiae, the first objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that, in the most developed regions of Brazil, the gravimetric network acts as a consolidated infrastructure for the implementation of other Engineering infrastructures; on the other hand, in regions that are less developed and difficult to access, gravimetric networks evolve as infrastructure demands arise. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the analysis of Brazilian gravimetric network distribution and its spatial and statistical relation to the Human Development Index and the population distribution. The results confirmed that in Brazil there is an correlation between spatial coverage of the gravimetric network and the Human Development Index. In the North region there is a deficiency in gravimetric network coverage, explained by precarious socioeconomic development, access difficulties, and large tracts of protected land. The obtained results also demonstrated that the national geoidal model resultant from gravimetric network MAPGEO2015 serves 89.72% of Brazilian population. Another evaluated hypothesis is that due to the large proportion of Brazilian hydrographic regions and to the number of installed active stations of SIRGAS network in part of the national territory, the association between SIRGAS stations altimetric data and the amount of water stored underground, detected by GRACE satellite system, occurs precariously. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the correlation between altitude variation data from SIRGAS active stations and GRACE satellite system data. The results confirmed that in some of Brazilian hydrographic regions a statistical correlation was found between the altimetric variation of SIRGAS network and GRACE data. The results suggest that densification of active stations network can provide a hydrological monitoring system of fundamental importance in extreme climatic events, such as those that produce water supply crises or floods. In this work, a new geoidal model for state of Goiás, MODGEO-GO, was also proposed, based on new in loco surveys that led to a densification of Goiás gravimetric network. MODGEO-GO can assist more effectively planning and implementing major infrastructure works necessary for Goiás development. Finally, the global interpolation model with local effect, called Thin Plate Spline, was evaluated with MAPGEO2105 data. The results showed great potential of this interpolator, which can be adopted in future modeling of geoidal surfaces in Brazil.
Avaliação ambiental das bacias de captação de água no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-27) Dantas, Tiago Miranda; Ribeiro, Hugo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9999213878472864; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Arruda, Poliana Nascimento
Considering the assumption of limited natural resources, it is clear that preservation initiatives are essential for maintaining a balanced socio-environmental system. The change in land use over the past decades in the Cerrado biome shows an occupation focused on activities predominantly of agriculture and cattle ranching, with public and fiscal incentives, which guaranteed access to producers and large companies to new technologies and methods to make the biome, a world reference in the production of commodities. The expansion of the agricultural frontiers from the second half of the 20th century on, made the Goiás state a reference in agribusiness, which leveraged the regional economy. However, these occupation processes have directly affected many environmentally fragile areas, which can directly impact the natural resource base for all production processes, water. The Goiás state has 192 hydrographic basins for public supply in which their collection points are managed by SANEAGO, the sanitation company, which in recent years has been reporting recurrences of emergency situations in the water supply of municipalities in periods of drought, which directly affects the populations of the municipalities supplied. Thus, this study aimed to identify the change in land use and occupation in the water catchment areas of the state, correlating data on precipitation and factors that identify areas of environmental fragility. The results obtained showed that in the water supply watersheds of the Goiás municipalities there has been no change in rainfall intensities. However, the catchments located in the central-southern portion of the state of Goiás have their native vegetation cover impacted due to the occupation processes, which occurred without planning, enabling the increase of erosive processes, affecting the production of sediments, besides the water recharge. It is important that the Goiás state develops specific policies aimed at the sustainable use of water catchment areas, seeking the preservation of native vegetation in environmentally fragile areas of these watersheds, thus ensuring the water security of the municipalities.
Avaliação da área queimadas no bioma cerrado: proposições para o monitoramento e conversação
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-03) Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; Ferreira Junior, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055
Fire is an important ecological and environmental disturbance phenomenon in the Cerrado biome, which is influenced by climatic, ecological, cultural and economic factors. Burning biomass promotes change in the structure and composition of the soil, accelerates the erosion and sedimentation processes, promotes seed germination, renewal of grasses and releases large amounts of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. This research seeks to understand the location patterns and the recurrence of burned areas to the Cerrado biome according to their different geographical regions from the land cover and land use class, and climatic variables. In particular, we evaluated quantitatively the performance of the MODIS MCD45A1 product for the Cerrado biome, in accordance with the different land use and land cover classes depending on the landscape, using as reference 130 randomly selected burned area polygons, and four randomly selected medium resolution orbital images, both from the month of September. In addition, we analyzed the burned areas spatial and temporal patterns in Brazil, considering both the territorial limits of the six biomes (i.e. Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa and Pantanal) and their main land cover and land use classes (PROBIO MMA). At last, for burned areas greater than 2 km², we evaluated their patterns (spatial and temporal) and frequency of recurrence (burned areas that intersect more than 50%), as well as their interanual and seasonal climatic variations from vegetation index (EVI), precipitation (TRMM) and evapotranspiration (MOD16) images. These images were analyzed in association with the four groups of recurrence (burned areas with recurrence every four years) to determine the different burning regimes and the pre and post burning vegetation responses. The MCD45A1 polygons (September) had good relationship with the reference mapping (Landsat base) (r² = 0.92) and also with the hotspots (MOD14 and MYD14 - monthly data) (r² = 0.89). The omission error found is high, but this is associated with landscape structure patterns, as found for the four reference images. The Product MCD45A1 even with spatial and temporal limitations promotes temporal mapping consistency and provides understanding the behavior and impacts of the burned on the Cerrado landscape. Among the Brazilian biomes, Cerrado is the one with the highest record of fires between 2002 and 2010 (73%), followed by Amazon (14%), while 81% of the records of the burned areas occur on the remnant vegetation cover class. The records of the burning recurrences in the Cerrado focus on the remnant class, 59% whereas the frequency of recurrence presented a higher proportion up to 3 times for the period 2000-2013. For the four groups of recurrences analyzed after the first fire record, 2002, the vegetative vigor records declines, especially after 2010, on average 4% for the remnant classes and 3.5% for the anthropogenic. The minimum distance between the fragments presents that 42% of recurrences analyzed are between 1-2 kilometers, providing greatest spatial concentration.
Avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica superficial no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-12) Honório, Michelle da Silva; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970 Nomes dos; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Bezerra, Nolan Ribeiro; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino
Based on the principle that water resources are limited and vulnerable, associated with the use by a growing population, industrial and agricultural expansion, management in an integrated manner is necessary, with the use of preventing damage and ensuring the use of quality water and quantity for the present and future society. The issuance of grants in the state of Goiás for the use of state-owned waters is under the responsibility of the Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, which describes in the Resolução n° 09, de 04 de maio de 2005 the conditions and criteria for effecting the authorizations. In this process, knowledge of water availability is paramount, but obtaining hydrological information directly is not always possible and, in many situations, tools are needed to assist in obtaining this information, such as flow regionalization. So, this study had as main objective to evaluate water availability in surface catchment basins for public supply in the state of Goiás, through the comparison between the traditional method of flow regionalization and the method used by the water resources management agency in Goiás Of the 195 surface catchment basins analyzed, it was found that 27.7% have flows granted that exceed the flow that can be granted and/or exceed the reference flow present in 95% of the time. It was concluded that these catchment basins for public supply are in critical situations and that the grants, granted in these places, exert an excessive pressure on the springs, since the withdrawal of water is greater than allowed. As much as water availability estimates have been carried out using flow regionalization, these areas can be considered as priorities for the planning and management of water resources and for implementing actions based, for example, on payment for environmental services.
Avaliação da qualidade de água de captação e saneamento ambiental em Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-28) Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Miaza, Fausto; Formiga, Kleber Teodomiro Martins; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de
It´s known that part of the world illnesses are avoidable and this factor helps improving the management of the water resources ,drinking water supplying, sanitation and hygiene. The global importance of these interventions was recognized in the Milleniun Development Objective (MDO), and it means half reduction of the proportion of people that do not have access to drinking water and basic sanitation concerning the period from 1990 to 2015. This way, knowing and identifying the hydrographic bays panorama in the state of Goiás is essential so for the development of strategies and implementation of programs in order to have improvements on the infra-structure and consequently in sanitation and health. To achieve this aim, indexes that bring information about the hydrographic bays situation were built up and they are related to two aspects: water quality and environmental health focusing sanitation. The indexes construction process envolved a series of decisions as well as an integrated environmental conception and consequently an interdisciplinarian approach that considered the environmental, demographic, behavioural, cultural and socioeconomical issues. Relaying the Water Quality Index (WQIpca)elaboration, multifactorial statistics and the methods of least ordinary squares, were used and the index was applied in 180 sample points in the Goias state waters which were monthly evaluated in the period from 2005 to 2009. Observering the analysis, it´s possible to point out that there is a strong relation among the areas that have the higher index of remanescent and the municipalities that have higher water quality index (WQIpca); it means better water quality. It´s also added that in relation to all of the years analysed, there is improvement in the water quality in the period of droughts. The revealed index was characterized as robust and it can also be applied for some other Brazilian rivers. Considering the construction of the environmental health index, focusing sanitation, the FPSEEA model (motriz force, pressure, state, exposition, effect and action) was applied and the same model structured the IGLOBAL index and it was the basis for the variables choice (totalizing 27 indicators) that represent the environmental, sanitation and public health changes. Relaying the definition of weights that would compose the index, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. In terms of the verification of the robustness index and indicators´ sensibility, fours indexes were calculated, and equal weights and indicators rates as well as calculated weights, using multivariable statistics were applied. It´s also mentioned that for each of these situations, two padronizations were used: on the first one, the values represent zero as average and padronized deviation as being one; on the second padronization, the indicators have maximum value as one and minimum value as zero. So for checking the sensibility of the indicators, some indexes were calculated, considering the possibility of information absence. It means the elimination of one indicator. Finally, it was observed that the proposed index is robust, it has a good response and it also makes a large and integrated vision of the health, environmental hydrographic bays conditions.
Avaliação da variabilidade de qualidade ambiental de bacias de mananciais de abastecimento público com a aplicação de um índice para o estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Cruvinel, Karla Alcione da Silva; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4796877Z9; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794125T3
The need for environmental preservation and responsible use of natural resources is something increasingly discussed between civil society and the scientific community and the need to monitor the environmental quality of areas such as river basins requires planning and choice of variables that help in understanding functionality of these systems. In addition, the index and indicators are presented as efficient tools in order to make them more easily visualized technical data. In this study, socioeconomic and environmental indicators were used in order to structure an index able to estimate the degree of environmental quality of the watershed. The Environmental basins Quality Index (EQI) was built from the variables Soil Loss (SL), Native Vegetation Index (NVI), Water Quality Index (WQI) and Municipal Development Index (MDI). The GIS was used to identify the NVI and loss of soil in the basin, and for the latter employed Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It was applied still Soil and Water Assessment Tool software (SWAT) in soil loss prediction five basins studied in order to promote the direct comparison of the model front applicability of the method implemented USLE. We studied different scenarios in these same five basins in SWAT, which we sought to evaluate the influence of vegetation in sediment yield for different land cover scenarios. To obtain the WQI of each basin, we used the adaptation of the method developed by Sousa (2014). After that, the EQI was applied in 126 basins of supply water sources in Goias State, which enabled the identification of the degree of environmental quality of each. It was found that almost 85% of the studied basins are classified as very bad or bad EQI, and in almost all of these the WQI of the spring is also bad. By analyzing the EQI basins in ten different regions of Goias State Planning it was noted that average is best in the Northwest region, which also has better native state of vegetation index. Regarding the loss of soil, it is noted that most of the basins (64%) are classified in low and moderate erosive susceptibility, but with some in erosive susceptibility very high severe. Therefore, it was concluded that the methodology used in this study proved to be an effective management strategy for catchments and can be used as an environmental planning instrument in these areas.
Avaliação de áreas de pastagens a partir de bibliotecas espectrais, dados lidar e imagens aéreas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-01-07) Mesquita, Vinícius Vieira; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; shorturl.at/iPSU1; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Tyrone, Rherison
Grasslands are important environments for global food security as they are responsible for the production of meat and milk from ruminant animals. Unfortunately, the negative consequences of the expansion of pasture areas is the loss of biodiversity, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado where more than 23% of natural vegetation has been converted to pasture. Thus, it is necessary to look for solutions to maintain the growth of food production without deforestation focusing on the recovery of degraded areas and intensification of use in underused places. Through hyperspectral data collected in the field, aerophotogrammetric data obtained by RPAS and laser pulses emitted by airborne LiDAR sensor, this work aims to evaluate the use of these data in pastures under different management and different seasonality conditions. The experiment area is the Rio Vermelho Basin (BHRV). In this region we were collected spectral data over 17 months in five pasture areas of 500 x 500 meters to compose a spectrum-temporal library. RPAS data were also collected in 2019 and LiDAR in 2015 and 2018 along a 50 km by 200 meters transect. The library built from spectral data was able to represent variations related to seasonality and management of pasture areas. The LiDAR point clouds on pastures were able to produce canopy height information faithful to the landscape observed in the field. The results obtained with RPAS proved to be insufficient to reach the objective, requiring more experiments to be usable. The spectro-temporal library formed exclusively by data sampled at pasture and the use of data from LiDAR showed a remarkable ability to describe the landscape and its nuances. However, further studies are still needed to better understand the results and validate the techniques.

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