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Item Abordagem dos princípios da Química Verde por meio do lúdico na formação ambiental de profissionais da química(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-28) Costa, Mariângela Célia Souza; Mesquita, Nyuara Araújo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6971106875143413; Echeverría, Agustina Rosa; Brito, Núbia Natália deThe environmental questions have been put forward for discussion in the formation of Chemistry professionals since the 20th Century’s end and the 21st Century’s beginning. In this context, the Green Chemistry (GC), even though is a recent perspective for the chemists’ professional formation, needs to be inserted in the formative discussions extent of students and industrial chemists. Even though it comes as an evaluation aspect in the chemists formation, being even a requested content in the Student Performance Nation Exam (SPNE), there are still gaps regarding the theme’s insertion throughout the graduation. Considering such aspect, this research aimed at making a documentary survey from the Chemistry Course Pedagogical Projects (CPP) in the state of Goias to identify the Green Chemistry theme’s presence in the referred pedagogical proposals. Beyond that, it was proposed the theme insertion in the Chemistry students’ formation by a playful activity carried out in a Chemistry Jury format about the GC and its 12 principles. The methodology adopted in this second moment, of Chemistry Jury development, was the research- action which involves various phases such as problem investigation, action planning, development and process evaluation. From the data collected three analysis categories emerged. The first has a relation with the appropriation of the concepts involved in the 12 principles by the students, the second refers to the characters’ representation process by the students, and the third category relates to the GC in the critical environmental education perspective and the students’ simplistic view. In the face of the analysis made in this research it is inferred that the insertion of the GC theme is necessary, and its principles from the critical environmental education in the Chemistry students’ formation as well as the Chemistry Jury appears as teaching strategies that make the theme discussion possible with everyone’s participation in a classroom giving voice to the students and putting them as protagonists in the teaching and learning process.Item Adsorção e fotodegradação de corantes, amarelo crepúsculo e azul brilhante, para tratamento de efluentes de indústrias alimentícias(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-04-26) Sá, Fernando Pereira de; Nunes, Liliane Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6591210839894513; Nunes, Liliane Magalhães; Colmati Júnior, Flávio; Monteiro Júnior, Oyrton Azevedo de Castro; Seolatto, Araceli Aparecida; Borges, Elisangela Cardoso de LimaEffluents that are discarded by food industry are important sources of water pollution, as they may contain high concentrations of organic matter and intense color. We used the technique of design of experiments to evaluate the influence of some variables in the study of adsorption of food colors, sunset yellow and brilliant blue. The “batch” method was used to assess the effects of variaable: contact time, pH0 and concentration of the adsorbate in the adsorption process of colors in hydroxide double layered system CaAl-LDH-NO3. The LDH was synthesized by coprecipitation at pH variable and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy scanning thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential, surface area and pore volume. adsorption assays were performed as a function of contact time, pH0, dye concentration and temperature. Results showed that the pH affects the surface charge of the adsorbent and the degree of dissociation of the anionic dyes. Among the initial pHs (4 and 10) for sunset yellow and (6 and 10) to brilliant blue, as the pH0 increases, decreases the amount of dye removed. Langmuir equation was that more adequately described the equilibrium data, obtaining a maximum adsorption of 398.41 mg/g for sunset yellow and 108.23 mg/g for brilliant blue. In the process of photodegradation by direct photolysis using ultraviolet radiation, the efficiency of decolourisation percentages reached 98 % for the yellow dye twilight and 97 % to bright blue. The absorbance spectra for two samples of colorants showed a decrease of characteristic absorption bands of these materials throughout the irradiation time. The photodegradation was also performed on solid after adsorption, the visually observable discoloration of the material and confirming the degradation process by XRD. Adsorption, and photodegradation were effective also in the treatment of synthetic effluent (mixture the dyes sunset yellow and brilliant blue), presenting virtually the same kinetics observed for removing discoloration of dyes individually.Item Alcaloides de Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae): determinação estrutural e atividade biológica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-09) Wakui, Vinícius Galvão; Oliveira, Cecilia Maria Alves de; Kato, Lucilia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1362891438631386; Kato, Lucilia; Oliveira, Cecilia Maria Alves de; Severino, Richele Priscila; Santos, Suzana da CostaRegarding that Psychotria species are described as sources of alkaloids, mainly β-carboline type with potential biological activity, this work focused on the phytochemical study of Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae) leaves with widely occurrence on Cerrado Biome. The study of this specie led to the isolation and structural elucidation of the alkaloids: bufotenine and bufotenine-N-oxide and coumarin iso-scopelletin. These alkaloids were found mostly in all studied fractions. Furthermore, two alkaloids were identified in misture: 6-hydroxide-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β- carboline and 7-carboxyl-2-methyl-dihydro-β-carbolinium. Last one is novel alkaloid which however still in structural elucidation. Additionally, considering the great bioactive potential of indol alkaloids, particularly those found in Psychotria species regarding to central nervous system biological activity, we have submitted fractions and isolated compounds of P. capitata to in vitro evaluation with monoamineoxidases MAO-A and MAO-B as bio targets. These biological essays was realized in collaboration with research group of FF/UFRGS that develops studies searching for enzymatic inhibitors involved in neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson´s disease and Alzheimer. Thus, search of compounds that interact with cholinesterase (AChE and BCHE) and monoamineoxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) enzymes are important to the comprehension of neurochemical bases of these diseases. The alkaloidal fractions of P. capitata (10 mg/mL) showed inhibition rates between 60 and 89 %, which demonstrate the potential of these fractions. Bufotenine showed selective inhibiton (89 μM) to MAO-A, while bufotenine-Noxide didn´t showed inhibition to none of the enzymes. Therefore, this work contributes to the study of the species of Rubiaceae family, confirming the great potential of this family as source of indol alkaloids with a β- carboline nucleous, which show biological activity of great interest.Item Alcaloides indólicos das partes aéreas de psychotria sp.(rubiaceae) e síntese de tiohidantoínas e tioureias derivadas de aminoácidos e do r-(+)-limoneno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-03) Moraes, Aline Pereira; Oliveira , Cecília Maria Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3152041311943092; Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves de; Fátima, Angelo de; Queiroz Jùnior, Luiz Henrique KengThe use of natural products and their synthetic derivatives has been a relevant strategy in the development of novel medicines. Phytochemical studies and synthesis of natural-product-based libraries are primordial in the search for therapeutic agents. Previous phytochemical studies of genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) have resulted in the identification of polypyrrolidine indole and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, which present a broad range of biological activities, such as antifungal and inhibition of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) A e B, that are related to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of Psychotria sp. collected in Brazilian Cerrado. Fractionation of the crude extract by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex led to isolation of three known indole alkaloids: bahienoside A, desoxycordifoline and desoxycordifolinic acid. Additionally, thiohydantoins and thioureas were synthesized from amino acids and R- (+)-limonene, in order to assess the cooperative effect of indole nucleus combined with terpene, thiourea and thiohydantoin units. Preliminary tests showed that desoxycordifoline, hydantoin (20) and thiohydantoin necrostatin-1 (14) inhibit the enzyme MAO-A higher than 80% at concentrations of 175 mM, 100 mM, 386 mM, respectively. Also, the polar extracts of the leaves of Psychotria sp. showed antioxidant activity with IC50 < 50 mg.mL-1 measured by DPPH free radical scavenging assay.Item Amplificação isotérmica de DNA mediada por loop (LAMP) em microchip de poliéster-toner(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-10-07) Oliveira, Kezia Gomes de; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5415221996976886; Duarte, Gabriela Rodrigues Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9005971441891787; Duarte, Gabriela Rodrigues Mendes; Carrilho, Emanuel; Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli; Bailão, Alexandre MeloThe several advantages of miniaturization of DNA amplification and coupling with sample preparation and detection steps on the same chip are well known. Currently, most miniaturized systems for nucleic acids analysis are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplification requires precise temperature control, switching between heating and cooling solution in three specific temperatures. Therefore, the adaptation of PCR for microchip is relatively complex and presents some limitations particularly for use in remote locations. Without the need for heating cycles, isothermal microsystems for DNA amplification can be designed to be simple and low energy consumption and hence can overlap the portable PCR detection systems. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel technique which has emerged as a simple and fast tool for DNA amplification which can be used for the detection and identification of several pathogens. The LAMP using Bst DNA polymerase enzyme which is an enzyme having strand displacement activity and uses a set of four primers designed from six individual segments of the sequence to be amplified. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid LAMP reaction for the E. coli malB gene amplification in the reaction was thermally controlled with a thermoblock for 60 minutes at 66 ° C. The PeT microdevices demonstrated compatibility with all reagents used in the LAMP and the success of the isothermal amplification was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis, yielding detectable amount amplicons as few as starting with 1 copy of DNA. Moreover, the success of the nucleic acid amplification reaction was evaluated by visual detection of the amplicons in the microchip by the use of fluorescent DNA intercalators, which yielded fluorescence in positive reactions. The LAMP in PeT microdevice is a simple and inexpensive method, that allowed a rapid detection (62 minutes) of E. coli. Because of simple operation and without the need for sophisticated instrumentation, LAMP held in microchip PeT has proven to be a valuable tool for molecular diagnostics, with great potential for applications in point-of-care.Item Análise de íons inorgânicos em resíduos de explosão utilizando microssistemas eletroforéticos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-01) Pinheiro, Kemilly Mara Pires; Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8302650734477213; Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli; Rosseto, Renato; lonashiro, Elias YukiThis study describes the development of an analytical methodology based on the use of microchip electrophoresis (MSE) devices integrated with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for the separation and detection of inorganic anions in post-blast explosive residues. The best separation condition was achieved using a running buffer composed of 35 mmol L-1 lactic acid, 10 mmol L-1 histidine and 0.070 mmol L-1 cetyl(trimethyl ammonium) bromide. For C4D measurements, the highest sensitivity was obtained applying a 700 kHz sinusoidal wave with excitation voltage of 20 Vpp. The separation of Cl-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, ClO4- and ClO3- was performed within ca. 150 s with baseline resolution and efficiencies between 4.4x104 and 1.7x105 plates/m. The found limits of detection ranged between 2.5 and 9.5 μmol L-1. Also, excellent repeatability was obtained, with relative standard deviation lower than 0.8%, 8.8% and 13.5% for the injection time, for the intensity and the peak areas, respectively. Lastly, real samples of post-blast explosive residues were analyzed on the MSE-C4D devices obtaining successfully the determination of Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. The achieved concentration values varied between 2301,610 µg g-1 for Cl-, 805,490 µg g-1 for NO3- and 1453,270 µg g-1 for SO42-. It was also possible to compare the anionic profile of residues of an improved explosive device and a commercial explosive emulsion, confirming the improved explosive device composition, based on ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO). The approach reported herein has provided short analysis time, instrumental simplicity, good analytical performance and low cost. Furthermore, the MSE-C4D devices emerge as a powerful and portable analytical platform for on-site analysis demonstrating to be a promising tool for the crime scene investigation.Item Análise Ecotoxicológica e Química da Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes de uma Indústria de Laticínios em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-26) Machado, Victor Vinicius Batista; Tavares, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0066533047918329; Leles, Maria Inês Goncalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614912440064013; Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8302650734477213; Brait, Carlos Henrique Hoff; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8443681172569310The dairy industries represent one of the most important sectors for the economy of Goiás. The intense industrialization, together with the lack of specialized labor, means that these industries generally produce without any concern for the waste generated. Besides solid waste, these industries generate effluents with high levels of pollution that can affect the water and soil quality, in water bodies into which they flow. Faced with this scenario, the need arose to carry out a study of the risks inherent to this type of effluent, both from a physical-chemical and ecotoxicological point of view. For this purpose, acute toxicity studies were carried out with the Zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate the toxicity of the effluents in pre-defined points of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) analyzed (points A, D and F). To evaluate the efficiency of the WTP, some physical-chemical parameters were measured (pH, conductivity, cloudiness, BOD, COD, TS, OG among others), and a chemical analysis was carried out of the metals Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb. To determine the solid residues in the effluent, thermogravimetric analyses were performed. Through mathematical models, the efficiency of the WTP was evaluated in terms of the parameters measured, which throughout the treatment process, proved inefficient, presenting mainly negative values. The tests of acute toxicity carried out with the test organisms in contact with the effluent from the dairy effluent, collected in various points of the plant, enabled the LC50 to be calculated, which indicated a moderate to high toxicity of the effluents analyzed.Item Análise multiparamétrica da qualidade dos frutos, mostos e vinhos de jabuticaba(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-28) FORTES, Gilmara Aparecida Corrêa; SANTOS, Suzana da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811945085200334Chemical parameters were monitored during the jabuticaba s development, fermentation and ageing of its wine, by quantitative 1H NMR, spectrophotometric assays and standard methods of analysis. Data collected were analysed by variance (ANOVA), principal components (PCA), hierarchical cluster (HCA) and canonical correlation analyses (CCA). Jabuticaba s development was analysed in order to identify the optimal harvest period for winemaking. Total acidity decreased 70.5%, whereas reducing sugars increased about threefold in pulps up until the full ripe stage. Anthocyanin levels underwent a sharp increase in the skins reaching 22.0 mg/g at complete maturation. Tannins and total phenols showed no significant differences in their levels between ripe and full ripe stages. The PCA and HCA distinguished two sample groups, the first comprised of samples from the first four days of fermentation characterized by high levels of fructose, glucose, anthocianins and colour intensity (19.90 g/kg; 36.95 g/kg; 177.88 mg/L and 8.6). The second cluster consisted of samples from days 5 to 14 with higher levels of ethanol, glycerol, methanol, acetic acid (75.02; 3.13; 0.19 and 0.99 g/kg), hue and pH (1.25 and 3.49). The canonical correlation analysis confirmed the influence of alcohols (ethanol, methanol and glycerol), organic acids (citric, succinic and acetic acids), pH and titratable acidity on the extraction and stability of anthocyanins and copigments. Three clusters were identified by the multivariate statistical analysis of red wine samples from 2001 to 2010. Cluster I, wines from 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2006, was characterized by chemical age 1 and 3, hue (1.02; 0.89; 1.83), acetaldehyde and alcohols (0.04 and 0.24 g/L). The wines from 2005, 2007 and 2008 formed the second cluster and presented the lowest content of superior alcohols (0.14 g/L). The third cluster was comprised by wines from 2009 and 2010, which contained higher levels of methanol, acetic and latic acids (0.12; 1.24; 0.35 g/L), and the highest pH (3.96). The canonical correlation analysis revealed that chemical age 1, 2 and 3 correlate negatively with anthocyanins, pH and titratable acidity, confirming the importance of pH and acidity in the anthocyanins stability and polimerization.Item Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos em estudos de bioequivalência do antibiótico amoxicilina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-28) Ramos, Douglas Rodrigues; Souza, Paulo Sérgio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0834231763464061; Souza, Paulo Sérgio de; Garrote, Clévia Ferreira Duarte; Coelho, Clarimar JoséThe generic medicines have brought to the national population a higher possibility to access the treatment with medication, the competition stimulation and the medicine exchange insertion, in which the reference formulation can be substituted by the generic medicine, without any harm to the treatment. ANVISA (National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance) regulates this national market, demanding the bioequivalence confirmation between test and reference medicines. Therefore, in a period of six years, those studies have been performed and several generic medicines have been liberated to commercialization. However, the exchange confirmation among the several generic and reference medication are still difficult to observe due to the complexity of the values obtained. The chemometrics analysis decreases the sample space of the complex data which allows samples similarity observation as well as their classification in distinct groups. For that, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) have been used. With these techniques an n-dimension space statistics have been evaluated for a bi-dimension of six amoxicillin bioequivalence studies as capsules and suspensions and therefore, classified them in groups in accordance with the similarity of the formulations pharmacokinetic profiles, which has allowed the medicine exchange observation. The chemometrics applications in pharmacokinetic data differentiated the pharmaceuticals forms capsule and suspensions, of absorption and elimination parameters allowing the exchange avaliations of formulations showing been useful in research laboratories or by regulatories agency for the quality monitoring of the medicine.Item Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos para a classificação de águas minerais comercializadas em Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-27) BORGES FILHO, Dorivan; SOUZA, Paulo Sérgio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0834231763464061Item Aplicação de técnicas multivariadas em espectros de infravermelho para a determinação de teores totais de carbono, oxigênio e hidrogênio em amostras de biomassas e biocarvões(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-06-19) Borges, Yuri Araújo; Guimarães, Freddy Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6780812627526129; Guimarães, Freddy Fernandes; Souza, Patterson Patrìcio de; Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana de(Sem resumo em outra língua)Item Aplicações de métodos quimiométricos para classifica-ção de cigarros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-13) MOURA, Monique Jesus Rodrigues; SOUZA, Paulo Sérgio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0834231763464061Inorganic constituents found in cigarettes come from the tobacco plant, as it absorbs them from the soil, which can be contaminated by chemical fertilizers and environment factors. Inorganic constituents are necessary for many vital functions of human metabolism, but their lack or excess in human body can lead to biological disorder. Lead and cadmium are particularly toxic. While cobalt, cupper and nickel can be highly toxic if inhaled as carbon composites, and that is what happens as a person smokes. In this work, twenty cigarette brands, commonly available to consumers, were classified using chemometric methods, regarding the concentration of potentially toxic inorganic constituents, as Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Ni. A method of acid digestion in microwave oven was used for opening the samples that was done in triplicate, using HNO3 65% and H2O2 35% as reagent. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) was used as analytical technique for the five inorganic constituents determination in the cigarette brands, which results were expressed in μg g-1. Results points to Cu, Pb and Co, as the main elements in every sample. Ni is an element of intermediate content while Cd presents values under 0,6 μg g-1. PCA and HCA, Chemiometric Methods, were applied, after determination of these inorganic constituents in cigarette samples. PCA from original data in five spatial dimensions inside the three main component plane explains 83,25% of total variance, being verified the formation of four distinct classes. HCA presented the same groups formed by PCA. Therefore this research goal is to verify if popular cigarette brands are potentially toxic inorganic constituents source and to classify them as the concentration of these elements by Chemometric MethodsItem Aplicações de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e quimiometria na determinação da autenticidade de uísques(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-30) Guimarães, Cainne Alves; Lião, Luciano Morais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2647529909397336; Souza, Aparecido Ribeiro de; Severino, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto; Menezes, Antonio Carlos SeveroMore sophisticated products have been gaining the market with the increasing purchasing power of the population, and this consequently resulted in the triggering of sales and consumption of higher value-added beverages, among these, the whiskey showed greater increase in the national market, which gives it its high economic importance. In an attempt to compete and profit from the market, many gangs falsifying these products have been discovered by the Federal and Civil Police. However, several techniques have been applied in the investigation of fraud in beverages, but the pre-treatments of most of the samples are necessary for further analysis. In this context, NMR appears as a technique that can obtain information of a qualitative and quantitative nature simultaneously and for being a non-invasive method, not cause disturbance of balance and not be destructive, preserving the integrity of the sample. This work reports the application of NMR combined with chemometrics in the characterization and distinction of whiskey samples seized by the Federal Police of Brasilia and authentic commercial samples. Minority compounds observed in spectra performed with the suppression of water and ethanol allowed discrimination of the counterfeit samples. When performing an analysis of PCA and ERETIC2 per brand, it was possible to identify adulterated samples by dilution and those that were colored with caramel coloring. In conclusion NMR was useful in assessing the authenticity of whiskeys, in order to indicate changes in counterfeit beverage compositions.Item Aplicações forenses do Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry com filme de polipirrol(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-14) Bernardo, Ricardo Alves; Vaz, Boniek Gontijo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7814534710550639; Chaves, Andréa Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6064014965252121; Chaves, Andréa Rodrigues; Arruda, Andréa Fernandes; Duarte, Gabriela Rodrigues MendesIn this study, we developed a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method to extract Cocaine, Lisergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Methamphetamine (MA) and [3,4 – Methylenedioxymethamphetamine] (MDMA), which allowed the direct analysis by MS in a Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PESI-MS). PPy fibers were deposited on a platinum wire. These fibers were subjected to drug extraction from biological fluids employing SPME principles. After that, the coated platinum wire was positioned in front of the MS and then a high voltage (HV) was applied on it. At the same time, methanol (formic acid 0,1%) was used to assist the analytes desorption, ionization, and detection. Parameters as number of cycles in electrochemical process, pH, temperature of extraction and matrix effect were evaluated. The coated PESI-MS method presented linearity in a concentration range from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 500 ng.L-1 (ppb). The LOQ values ranged from 2 ng.L-1 to 10 ng.L-1. The interday precision presented values from 0.8 to 9.6% with accuracy ranging from -0.6 to 13.7%. The intraday precision obtained values varied from 1.7 to 10.8% with accuracy ranging from -2.4 to 14.0%. The absolute recovery was also evaluated and presented values from 97.6 to 114.0%. The proposed method is a promising alternative to fast sampling and analysis for avoiding laborious process, and for showing precision and accuracy according to the values proposed by ANVISA.Item Aprendizagem colaborativa para o ensino de química por meio da robótica educacional(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-15) Lima, Walex Fernandes; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9698540158266610; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; Queiroz, José Rildo de Oliviera; Ionashiro, Elias YukiThis master's degree dissertation intend to demonstrate the use of robotics with high school students, as well as to analyze how this technology can cooperate for the education of curricular contents related to chemistry, evidencing which one of them can be worked inside the classroom. The theoretical basis of the study is based on qualitative research, looking to make the first cycle phase of the action-research. The robotics can be seen as a tool to bring a different look at how the chemistry discipline is view in high school. This way, will be presented the construct a robotic prototype by means of the collaboration between the students, using alternative materials of low cost together with a robotics kit that uses an Open Source platform. Students of high school were voluntary in this project accomplished in the contraturn of school and had developed a mechanical prototype of a laboratory device. It must be pointed out that the ideas and the construction of the robot were accomplished by the students. The prototype developed by the students was of a mechanical stirrer for solutions. During the development of this prototype, the concept more argued between the students was about the Solutions. The development of this type of activity could generate new discussions, in pairs or groups, creating an environment that is approaching the relation between student and teacher, assisting in learning process.Item Aproveitamento de rejeitos da indústria de atomatados para a produção e caracterização de extratos ricos em licopeno, β-Caroteno e Vitamina E(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-17) SILVA, Fernanda Dias; ANTONIOSI FILHO, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454The production of industrial foods derived from tomato generates high levels of rejects that are composed basically of seeds and tomato peels. This reject it is rich in carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene, which are pigments whose ingestion is directly linked to the decrease of the risk of chronic-degenerative diseases. The present study has as objective develops simplified and efficient extraction and analysis methods of lycopene and β-carotene starting from this reject using palm oil as coadjutant, seeking the subsequent use of this extract for enrichment of products of easy access to classes economically inferior of the population and as a vehicle of medicines. Initially it was developed the chromatographic analysis method for three columns of RP-HPLC: C18 Chromolith SpeedROD (50 mm x 4,6 mm), C18 Nova-Pack (300 mm x 3,9 mm x 4 µm) and C30 YMC Carotenoid (250 mm x 4,6 mm x 5 µm). All the columns present a considerable reduction in the time of analysis and efficient separation between lycopene and β-carotene, when compared to the analysis reported on scientific literature. Later it was done a study of the thermal stability of the pigments by means of TG, DSC and RP-HPLC seeking to evaluate the maximum temperature which the reject can be heated without the occurrence of considerable losses of the pigments. The thermogravimetric curves demonstrated that the loss of mass happens to temperatures higher than those observed by the degradations of the pigments by RP-HPLC. It means that occurs the transformation of lycopene and β-carotene in intermediary compounds which are volatilized in higher temperatures. For the development of the extraction method several variables were tested being obtained the following optimized condition: 25 g of sample was dissolved in 50 mL of hexane and 0.1 mL of palm oil, shaking by 90 minutes under 50ºC. The proposed method demonstrated to be viable once it happens in only one stage, with the use of only an solvent which can be used again after the process. The time of extraction is completely acceptable, as well as the amount of solvent used, being all the parameters compatible with industrial implementation. The oily extract was still characterized with regard to the tocopherols and tocotrienols levels in the palm oil as well as the fatty acid and triacylglicerol compositions. It was obtained the prevalence of y-tocotrienol, oleic and palmitic acids and POO and POP triacylglicerides.Item Avaliação da qualidade das águas subterrâneas dos cemitérios de Brasília e seu entorno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-15) SABA, Elias Divino; OLIVEIRA, Anselmo Elcana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0369339073291948This study evaluated the impact of necroleachate in the groundwater aquifer of some cemeteries located in towns around the federal district of Brasilia between 2007 and 2011. Cemeteries in Braslândia, Plano Piloto, Taguatinga, Gama, Sobradinho and Planaltina, located in the federal district, were studied including the Jardim Metropolitano (cemetery and crematorium) in Val Paraíso, Goias. Analysis of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of underground water samples taken from monitored wells were carried out. The alkalinity, pH value, organic oxygen, conductivity, color, hardness, turbidity, iron content, total quantity of dissolved solid and the chemical and biological oxygen demand of a total of 342 samples were monitored. The result showed that the median values of the physico-chemical parameter obtained are within the range of those permitted by the law. However, it was observed that there was a sharp increase in the median concentration of organic oxygen parameters and the biological and chemical oxygen demand between 2007 and 2011. The results were be evaluated using the RDA (Redundancy analysis) model from the CANOCO software which does a canonical ordination and Redundancy analysis, serving as a chemical tool. The Redundancy analysis allowed for the identification of collection areas with the greatest amount of physico-chemical parameters, thereby allowing for separation and classification of water samples. It also became possible to correlate the physico-chemical and microbiological results and identify areas more prone to contamination, hereby ascertaining the influence of these factors in modifying the potability of Aquifers, however within established standard parameters.Item Avaliação de sorvente MIP em sistema de microextração hifenado ao HPLC-DAD, para determinação de taninos condensados em amostras de casca de jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-21) Cardoso, Alessandra Timóteo; Chaves, Andrea Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6064014965252121; Chaves, Andrea Rodrigues; Faria, Anizio Marcio de; Martins, Gabriel RochaJabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) is a fruit widely consumed in Brazil and of great nutritional importance. Among the compounds of this fruit are the condensed tannins, which have already been widely investigated regarding their chemical, biological and pharmaceutical properties, which makes the extraction and isolation of these compounds of great economic and environmental importance. According to the literature, the extraction of tannins from jabuticaba for isolation in separation techniques has been carried out by conventional methods such as solid phase extraction (SPE). However, these techniques have a limited selectivity, in addition, a high volume of solventes is necessary, which consequently generates a large amount of waste. Thus, it is necessary to research more selective and ecologically correct methods. Thus, the present work proposed the development and optimization of an online extraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) used in a capillary column for the isolation and identification of condensed tannins in jabuticaba peel. Therefore, catechin was used as a template molecule for MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized for comparison studies. The sorbent characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen desorption and adsorption analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and diffraction X-ray (XRD). The data obtained with the characterization of the phase showed similarity with the literature, regarding to the possibility of applying these materials as an extractor phase in liquid chromatography with diode array detector(HPLC-DAD). When evaluating the applicability of the column filled with the molecularly printed polymer in HPLC-DAD, it was noted that it presented good results for the extraction of catechin, especially when compared to the non-imprinted polymer. The results of the method optimization indicated that the mobile phase flow of 20 µL min-1 and injection volume of 40 µL were the best in terms of asymmetry and peak resolution, in addition to maintaining the extraction efficiency, decreasing the generation of organic residues. On the other hand, the figures of merit evaluated showed greater selectivity in the MIP in relation to the NIP for catechin, coefficients of variation from 2.6 to 7.3% between extractions, indicating excellent reproducibility of the columns and preconcentration factor of the MIP phase of 5.14%. Regarding the reuse capacity of the columns, a value of relative standard deviation of 3.83% was found, indicating that the columns can be used more than 40 times without losing the extraction efficiency, which is consistent with the result obtained for the memory effect, in which the solvent chromatogram showed no peaks at the same retention time for catechin. The quantification of tannins condensed in the matrix using the vanillin method by the UV-vis spectrum at 500 nm, indicated a content of 59.1 µg mL-1 of the compounds present in jabuticaba's aqueous extracts based on the standard curve of catechin constructed in the concentrations of 0.01 to 1 mg mL-1, which showed relevance in terms of the choice of this matrix. Furthermore, the analyzes performed by HPLC-DAD for the real samples showed efficiency of the MIP column for catechin extraction, eliminating the interferents and concentrating the analyte.Item Avaliação do desempenho analítico de microssistemas eletroforéticos fabricados em poliéster-toner(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-06) GABRIEL, Ellen Flávia Moreira; COLTRO, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8302650734477213Item Avaliação dos desreguladores endócrinos nas estações de tratamentos de esgotos e água(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Soares, Manoel Barbosa; Tavares, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0066533047918329; Tavares, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0066533047918329; Silveira, Lucimeire Antonelli da; Chaves, Andréa RodriguesThe toxicology of endocrine disruptors (ED), known as micro-pollutants, disposed in the environment through urine or excrements may cause physiological changes in aquatic living things. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the 17β – estradiol (E2) and progesterone and measure the quality of the wastewaters from the effluent of some Sewage Treatment Plants (STP’s) as of potable water in the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), located in Goiânia – GO, through the physical and chemical parameters, such as: Potential Hydrogen (PH), Temperature (T), Electric Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Organic Nitrogen, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The quantization of endocrine disruptors was obtained through direct and competitive ELISA’s method, and all physical-chemical parameters were determined based on the APHA's Manual (2012). The effluent samples were collected at three distinct points: affluent (raw sewage), confluence of the effluent to the river (CER) and downstream of the release in STP’s Hélio Seixo de Brito (HSB), Samambaia (S) and Parque Atheneu (PA), while the samples of potable water were collected at two different points: in the capture of João Leite’s stream and after the water treatment in the WTP Jaime Câmara (JC). Through the physical-chemical parameters evaluated in the STP’s , the Turbidity , both DO and BOD, do not agree with the standards of CONAMA 357/05 and 430/11, which means that a lot of organic and inorganic matter are being dumped into the Meia Ponte River without treatment. In relation to the JC’s WTP, the same physical-chemical parameters are in accordance with the Decree No. 2,914 / 11 from the Ministry of Health, which deals with drinking water quality. The measured values for the E2 in the STP’s ranged in the rainy season around 53, 7 to 178, 24 ng/L and 45, 8 to 275, 0 ng/L in the dry season. In contrast with the progesterone in the same place where the values ranged from 69, 34 to 97, 54 ng / L in the rainy season from 60, 2 to 603, 8 ng / L in the dry season. While in the Meia Ponte River these values to the E2 ranged between 2,04 to 31,62 ng / L in the rainy season from 6,02 to 72,44 ng / L in the dry season and in relation to progesterone 4,35 to 52,48 ng / L in the rainy season 6,6 to 218,25 ng / L in the dry season. At João Leite’s stream, where is made the abstraction of the water for treatment, both in the rainy and drought seasons, E2 values were found 2,13 and 4,89 ng / L and progesterone 5,37 and 6,76 ng / L, however, the treated water that leaves the ETA, it was found in it values of E2 1,81 ng / L and 2,51 ng / L and progesterone 4,78 ng / L and 4,67 ng / L during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. This search concludes that the biological method ELISA was efficient for the quantification of the studied hormones, and the values found for both the E2 and progesterone to the STP’s and ETA was xvii greater than 1.0 ng / L, and according to the literature these values are able to cause physiological damage in aquatic species.