Doutorado em Zootecnia (EVZ)

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Adição de enzimas em dietas de frangos de corte a base de milho de diferentes qualidades
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Andrade, Tiago Vieira de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Carvalho, Genilson Bezerra de; Fortes, Bruno Duarte Alves
The nutritional quality of stored corn grains is of paramount importance to formulate more efficient diets, given that corn grains with low nutritional value, trigger metabolic disturbances and consequently negative effects on the performance and use of nutrients in birds. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the addition of exogenous enzymes in diets of broilers based on corn kernels of different qualities. with 696 birds of the Cobb 500 strain. In experiments 1 and 3, with the purpose of evaluating performance at 1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 days of age and intestinal histomorphometry at 21 and 42 days of age, 600 chicks were used 1 day old males. In experiments 2 and 4, metabolism assays were carried out with 96 14-day old male chicks from experiment 1 and 3 to estimate the metabolizable energy values of corn of different qualities with the inclusion of exogenous enzymes and mycotoxin adsorbent in diets for broilers. In all experiments, a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with experiment 1 and 2 being the addition or not of the XAP enzyme blend (Xylanase, Amylase and Protease) and two types of corn (types 1 and 3), and for experiment 3 and 4 with or without the addition of mycotoxin adsorbent and with or without the addition of the enzymatic blend. It was observed that the birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme had higher average weight and better feed conversion. It was observed that the birds that consumed diets containing enzyme showed better digestibility for the values of EMAn, EMA and CMMS in the period of 17 to 21 days. It was observed that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed better intestinal development for height of the jejunum and ileum up to 21 days of age. There was a reduction in uric acid and AST for birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme. There was a reduction (p <0.05) in LDH for birds that consumed type 1 corn. There was a higher (p <0.05) average weight for birds that consumed diets containing enzyme and adsorbent in the period from 1 to 7 days . In conclusion, it can be said that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed good performance, carcass yield, use of nutrients and intestinal development.
Aditivos antimicrobianos e inclusão de fibra em dietas de milho grão inteiro para bovinos de corte
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-09) Lemos, Barbara Juliana Martins; Castro, Flávio Geraldo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7651676206685012; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Lima, Milton Luiz Moreira; Melo, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho
The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of antimicrobial feed additives and inclusion of pelleted sugarcane crop residue (SCR) as a fiber source in whole shelled corn (WSC)-based finishing diets (85% WSC + 15% pelleted concentrate, DM basis) on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation and eating behavior of zebu cattle. Growth performance trials were conducted in randomized block design, and metabolical trials were conducted in Latin Square design using ruminally fistulated steers. In the antimicrobial feed additives studies, 100 bulls were fed for 101 d in Exp. 1 to evaluate the treatments M30 (30 mg of monensin [M]/kg DM), V25 (25 mg of virginiamycin [V]/kg DM), M20V25 (M 20 mg/kg DM + V 25 mg/kg DM), F4 (4.4 mg of flavomycin [F]/kg DM), and M20F2 (M 20 mg/kg DM + F 2.2 mg/kg DM); and in the Exp. 2 (Latin Square 7 × 7) were evaluate the same 5 treatments of Exp. 1 plus 2 additional treatments: M30V25 (M 30 mg/kg DM + V25 mg/kg DM) and M20F4 (M 20 mg/kg DM + F 4.4 mg/kg DM). In the SCR studies, 80 bulls were fed diets with 0, 3, 6, and 9% SCR (DM basis; SCR-0, SCR-3, SCR-6, and SCR-9, respectively) for 103 d in Exp. 1; and in the Exp. 2 (5 × 5 Latin Square) were evaluated the inclusion of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of SCR (DM basis; SCR-0, SCR-3, SCR-6, SCR-9, and SCR-12, respectively). In the antimicrobial feed additives studies growth performance (final BW, ADG in live weight basis, DMI, and G:F), carcass characteristics (HCW, ADG in carcass basis, carcass transfer, dressing percent, and 12th-rib-fat), apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibility were similar among treatments. There were no treatment effects and no interaction of treatment × time in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, number of protozoa, and VFA). In the WSC study, inclusion of SCR linearly increased daily DMI up to 25% (P = 0.01). Dry matter intake, as percentage of BW, increased (P = 0.01) 0.06 percentage units with each 1% inclusion of SCR. Over the entire finishing period (d 0 to 103), there were trends for linearly increase final BW up to 3.3% (P = 0.10), and ADG up to 10.7% (P = 0.07) in response to dietary SCR levels, consequentially G:F tended (P = 0.07) to linearly decrease up to 10.2% with inclusion of SCR compared with CTL diet. Apparent total tract digestibility linearly decreased (P < 0.01) 30% for DM, 28% for OM, 45% for CP, and 61% for NDF, from CTL for SCR-12. No treatment effect and no interaction of treatment × time were observed on ruminal pH, concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen and VFA. Time spent eating, eating rate, and meal frequency were not affected by inclusion of SCR up to 12%. There was a quadratic response on meal size (P = 0.04). In summary, feeding isolated or combined antimicrobial feed additives to zebu cattle resulted in similar responses. Pelleted SCR seemed to be low fermentable and non-effective to stimulate rumination by cattle fed WSC-based finishing diet.
Aditivos antimicrobianos e processamento de grão na terminação bovinos de corte confinados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-17) Camilo, Fernando Rossi; Siqueira, Gustavo Rezende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9873354467031857; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Silva, Rodrigo Medeiros da; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Pádua, João Teodoro; Ribeiro, Marinaldo Divino
The experiment 1 objectives were to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of the virginiamycin (VM) and monensin sodium (MON) on performance, feed intake, feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle fed with high concentrate diet, the experiment 2 had the objective evaluate ruminal parameter the bulls Nelore with use the isolated and combined effects of the virginiamycin (VM) and monensin sodium (MON) and the experiment 3 had the objective to determine the optimal moisture content for reconstituted ensiled corn grain, evaluating final moisture concentrations of 27%, 30%, 33%, and 36%. In Exp. 1, 339 crossbred bulls Nellore x Guzera; were used in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and seven replicates. The blocks were defined by initial body weight. The animals were allocated in group pens for 103d, including 28d adaptation period. Treatments were defined by levels of VM and MON (mg/kg of DM) as follows: 30MON; 15VM+30MON; 25VM+30MON; 34VM+ 30MON e 34VM. In the phase of adaptation was no statistical (P>0.05) in body weight initial, body weight final, and average daily gain. Already to dry matter intake have the statistical difference (P<0.05) to compare 30MON vs 34MON e 34VM vs 34VM+30MON, in the phase adaptation the dose association 34VM+30MON have the smaller dry matter intake. In Exp. 2, 15 Nellore bulls with ruminal cannula were used in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Animals were blocked by initial body weight. The animals were kept in individual pens for 35 days has received the same diet to Exp.1. The sample liquid ruminal was collected in days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for evaluation pH, VFA, N-NH3, and protozoan. After this period was realized the digestibility. The values of pH, NH3-N, and VFA were no differences (P>0.05) for contrast and linear and quadratic regression, except for acetic acid concentration that was difference (P<0.05). The protozoa concentration total had effect in contrast 34VM vs 34VM+30MON (P<0.05), being that the dose 34VM provide more concentration. In the Exp.3 sixty cattle (Bos taurus) were randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 10 replicates was used. The treatments were corn grain reconstituted with water until they reach to final moisture concentrations of 27 (HMC27%), 30 (HMC30%), 33 (HMC33%), and 36% (HMC36%) and grains were allowed to ensile for 101 days. The steam-flaker corn and dry-rolled corn also were usually with treatment. Were no statistical difference (P<0.05) in performance the cattle confined for 89 days. Already in experiment in vitro the gas production the high moisture corn. To usually the high moisture corn in diet the cattle no increased the performance. Already the processing corn were availed in vitro, high moisture result in high fermentation and gas production.
Aditivos fitogênicos na terminação de tourinhos nelore confinados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-07-13) Moreira, Kíria Karolline Gomes; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Padua, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; Bilego, Ubirajara Oliveira; Neves Neto, José Tiago das; Silva, Maurícia Brandão da; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Padua, João Teodoro
Phytogenic additives with action similar to ionophores can be used as alternatives to synthetic additives. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of phytogenic antimicrobial additives on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and ruminal metabolic profile of Nellore bulls feedlot. In the first experiment, 114 Nellore steers (335.48 ± 25.70 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: monensin; S. Adstrigens extract; essential oils blend; functional oils cashew, castor and copaiba on the growth performance and carcass. The diet consisted of 19.49% sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% concentrate (DM basis). DMI of animals receiving monensin (104 days feedlot) was 16.2% lower than the animals that consumed dry extract and 8.6% lower than the animals that received functional oils (P <0.001). Animals that consumed dry extract of S. adstrigens showed higher consumption of NDF (P <0.001). FBW (μ = 485.60 kg) and ADG (μ = 1.42 kg/d) were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). FE was better (P <0.05) for MON (0.184 kg/kg) than BBT and MOE. There was no difference (P>0.05) for carcass characteristics. The use of phytogenic additives in feed of confined cattle did not influence the carcass characteristics, but the use of monensin still provides better performance results. In the second experiment, was to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients of a finishing diet with phytogenic additives. Five fistulated steers (initial BW = 275.40 ± 15.53 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Treatments were: no additive; monensin 30 mg/kg DM; extract of S. adstrigens 1.500 mg/kg DM; mixture of essential oils 118 mg/kg DM; mixture of functional oils from cashew, castor, and copaiba 250 mg/kg DM. The diet consisted on DM basis of 19.49% of sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% of concentrate with corn, soybean meal, urea and minerals. There were no effects (P>0.05) on nutrients intake, apparent digestibility concentration of VF, acetate:propionate ratio and concentration of NH3-N. Steers fed mixture of functional oils showed higher ruminal pH (6,75) than BBT (6,54; P <0.05). Phytogenic additives have the potential to replace synthetic antibiotics without penalizing the productive system of beef cattle.
Alternativas para melhorar o desenvolvimento e a criotolerância de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-23) Marques, Thaisa Campos; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540; Martins, Carlos Frederico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1432343540761591; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Leão, Karen Martins; Biancardi, Manoel Francisco; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira e; Porto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno
Melatonin treatment and blastocoel collapse had been suggested to be potent options to enhance embryo development and viability after cryopreservation of bovine embryos. The present study tested these alternatives with the aim to improve cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. First, the effects of melatonin (MEL) were evaluated at three concentrations in Maturation Media (IVM) and/or Culture Media (IVC) (0, 10-7, 10-9, 10-11 M). The results showed that MEL10-9 in IVM could improve slightly the cleavage rate. However, when applied during IVC, MEL10-9 resulted in improved blastocysts rates and reduced numbers of apoptotic cells (NAC), a higher expression of antioxidative genes without changing the expression metabolism-related, placentation and anti-apoptotic genes. After, the MEL treatment giving the best result in first experiment (MEL 10-9 M in IVC) was combined with blastocoel collapse (BC) immediatly before vitrification. The survival and embryo quality were investigated. This experiment confirmed that independent of BC, MEL supplementation in IVC enhanced re-expansion and hatching rates of vitrified embryos. However, embryos cultured without MEL required more time during re-culture for all expansion. Embryos produced with MEL had similar NAC irrespective of vitrification and BC. BC did not affect embryo quality, in terms of the expression of genes involved in metabolism, oxidative stress, cell repair, placentation and implantation. Therefore, this research concluded that: (i) at 10-9 M concentration, MEL used during IVC improved embryo quality and development, and it minimized the oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells; (ii) embryos cultured with melatonin, vitrified and re-cultured can be transfered in less time; (iii) the blastocoel collapse benefited hatching when embryos were cultured with MEL in IVC; (iv) embryos cultured in IVC with MEL showed better quality and viability, and independently of BC. This information has a potential value for researchs on embryo cryotolerance.
Análise multifatorial e preditores para características de importância econômica de matrizes suínas em granja multiplicadora
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-30) Leal, Guilherme Brunno de Medeiros; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Antunes, Robson Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7590358205144485; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782572407995106; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Cadavid, Verónica González; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto; Masciol, Arthur dos Santos
The present work aimed to investigate the relationship between the productive characteristics and to identify the factors that affect the number of weaned piglets (NLD) per sow/year, the accumulated productivity in kilograms (kg) of weaned piglets (LD) per sow/year and the productive longevity of swine breeders in order to support the selection process of a breeding farm. In chapter 2, factor analyzes were performed in order to understand the relationship between the characteristics and multiple linear regression to identify the main predictor variables for the variables NLD per matrix/year and accumulated productivity in kg of LD per matrix/year. In chapter 3, the females were evaluated as to their longevity, according to two distinct stayability criteria, STAY1 and STAY2, which consider as longevity, respectively, the females that presented the number of live born piglets (NLNV) and kilogram of piglets weaned to the fourth parturition above the herd average. It was identified by the main latent factors that 55% variance between breeders on the farm is explained by the characteristics of maternal ability, piglet viability, fertility and perinatal mortality. The best regression models for prediction explained approximately 66% of the variation both for the NLD traits and for the total weight of weaned piglets adjusted for 21 days (PTD21), evidencing the characteristics number of stillborn piglets (NLNAT), number of dead piglets at birth (NLMN), mean piglet birth weight (PMN) and number of piglets weaned (NLD) with common explanatory factors. It was not possible to obtain a good predictive model for the characteristic mean weight of weaned piglets adjusted to 21 days (PD21) in the present study. The analysis of females by NLNV and PD21 categories indicated that sows that present NLNV below the herd average do not have the potential to exhibit an adequate accumulated production under the evaluated conditions of the farm. The best predictive models for female longevity by STAY1 criteria include age at first mating (IPC) and NLNV and for STAY2 it included only IPC. The prediction model proposed for STAY1 was more efficient (78%) than for STAY2 (55%). Selection for STAY1 can be performed with the NLNV of the first calving, while for STAY2 should preferably be performed later, by the accumulated NLD of the first three calvings. Survival analysis showed that by STAY1, females would be discarded later (8th parturition), when compared to STAY2 (6th parturition).
Associação de xilanase, protease e dois níveis de fitase em dietas de frangos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-08) Rezende, Pedro Moraes; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Brito, Alexandre Barbosa de; Rodrigues, Sandra Iara Furtado Costa; Vieira, Bruno Serpa; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto
Two trial were conducted at the School of Veterinary and Animal Science / UFG to evaluate the combination of xylanase, protease and two levels of phytase in diets of chickens from 1 to 42 days old. The experimental design of both experiments was completely randomized in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with two inclusions of phytase (750 FTU and 1500 FTU), xylanase (with and without xylanase) and protease (with and without protease). In the first trial, 1536 male Ross 308AP chicks were housed, raised in a floor shed with litter, until 42 days, consisting of 8 treatments, 6 replications of 32 birds. In the second experiment, 480 male chicks Cobb500 strain were housed, reared in batteries up to 42 days old, subjected to 8 treatments, 6 replications of 10 birds (1 to 21 days) and in the other phases (22 to 42 days) by 8 treatments, 5 replications of 4 birds. In the first trial, the use of xylanase or protease in diets with 750 FTU of phytase influenced the improvement in feed conversion of chickens at 42 days old. The use of xylanase promoved a higher chicken breast at 42 days. The use of 1500 FTU of phytase obtained higher thigh and drumstick yields. Diets containing xylanase and protease obtained higher wing yield. The use of 750 FTU of phytase and protease in the diet showed lower abdominal fat. Xylanase and protease in diets containing higher levels of phytase showed a higher content of dry matter and protein in the chicken breast. The increase in phytase dosage promoted an increase in mineral matter in the birds' breasts. There was an effect of protease in the diet in increasing the potassium content. The use of phytase and xylanase increased the zinc content in the breast. The inclusion of enzymes did not influence the metabolizability of chickens at 21 days. In the second experiment, the use of 1500 FTU of phytase associated with protease in the feed promoted improvement in the feed conversion of chicks at 7 days. The inclusion of 1500 FTU with xylanase in the diet increased weight gain in chickens at 41 days. Diets containing 750 FTU of phytase containing xylanase or protease showed an increase in the nitrogen metabolizability coefficient of chickens at 21 days. The highest level of phytase with protease in the diet promoted an increase in apparent metabolizable energy. The increase in the yield of chicken thigh + drumstick at 42 days was observed in diets with phytase containing protease in the diet. There was an increase in amino acids in the chemical composition of chicken breast at 21 days, observed in birds fed 1500 FTU of phytase. Effect also observed at 42 days, with the inclusion of 1500 FTU of phytase and protease in the diet. In the serum biochemical levels of chickens at 21 days of age, the increase in the dosage of phytase associated with xylanase and protease influenced the serum levels of globulin, total proteins, total and ionic calcium and phosphorus. In the serum levels of chickens at 42 days of age, birds fed 750 FTU of phytase containing xylanase influenced the increase in albumin, Ca ionic and P. Xylanase and protease contributed to improve bone characteristics of chickens fed with increasing levels phytase at 21 and 42 days of age.
Associação e seleção genômica para eficiência alimentar em bovinos Nelore
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-22) Brunes, Ludmilla Costa; Rey, Fernando Sebastian Baldi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2142265309634106; Lopes, Fernando Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1399785191420919; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Quedes; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira e
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for feed efficiency, growth, reproductive and carcass traits in commercial Nelore cattle herds, and the correlated response between them. It was also aimed perform a study of genomic selection evaluating prediction methods, validation approaches and pseudo-phenotypes, and conduct a weighted single-step genome-wide association study and an enrichment analysis for feed efficiency of feed efficiency related traits. Residual feed intake (RFI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), residual live weight gain (RG), residual intake and live weight gain (RIG), birth weight (BW), weight at 120 (W120), 240 (W240), 365 (W365), and 450 (W450) days of age, scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365) and 450 (SC450) days of age, rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BF) and rump fat thickness (RF) were evaluated. The growth, reproductive and carcass traits records from 15,639 Nelore cattle were used. Data from feed efficiency tests carried out between 2011 and 2018, with phenotypic and genotypic information of 4,329 and 3,594 animals, respectively, were considered. The genetic parameters were estimated in a single step approach (ssGBLUP). Six prediction methods of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) were used: ssGBLUP, Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ, BLASSO, and Bayes R. Three validation approaches were used: 1) random: the data set was randomly divided into ten subsets and the validation was done in each subset at a time; 2) age: the population was divided into training and validation set based on the year of birth, with the first group consisting of animals born between 2010 and 2016 and the second group born in 2017; 3) genetic breeding value (EBV) accuracy: were divided into two groups, with animals with accuracy above 0.45 considered as the training population, and below 0.45 the validation set. We checked the accuracy and bias of GEBV. The percentage of variance explained by windows of 10 adjacent SNPs was used to identify regions that explained more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance on each trait. The feed efficiency related traits showed low to moderate heritabilities, ranging from 0.07 to 0.20. Feed efficiency related traits showed low genetic correlations with growth (-0.19 to 0.24), reproductive (-0.24 to 0.27) and carcass (-0.17 to 0.27) traits, except for growth with DMI (0.32 to 0.56) and FE (-0.40). The results showed that the prediction ability were similar between the prediction methods. The low heritability obtained, mainly for FE (0.07±0.03) and FCR (0.09±0.03), limited the GEBVs accuracy, which ranged from low to moderate. The regression coefficient estimates were close to 1, and similar between the prediction methods, validation approaches, and pseudophenotypes. On average and despite low variation (0.0331), the random cross-validation presented the most accurate predictions, ranging from 0.07 to 0.037, than EBV accuracy and age. The prediction ability was higher for phenotype adjusted for fixed effects than for EBV and EBV deregressed (30.0 and 34.3%, respectively). Enrichment analysis by The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed several functional vias such as neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), bile secretion (bta04976), taste transduction (bta0742), and glucagon signaling pathway (bta04922). The selection to improve growth, reproductive and carcass traits would not change RFI, RG, and RIG. On the other hand, DMI, FE and FCR may lead to an increase in body weight, in addition to the selection for FCR may lead to a reduction in carcass yield. The genetic background of feed efficiency related traits are different, which would lead to different genetic responses. The choice of the most adequate selection criterion depends on the production system and goals. Genomic prediction methods can provide a reliable estimate of genomic breeding values for RFI, DMI, RG and RGI, traits that may have higher genetic gain and selection viability than FE and FCR. Enrichment analyzes showed genes associated with in insulin, leptin, glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, energy balance, heat and oxidative stress, zinc finger system, bile secretion, satiety, feed behavior, salivation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. The identification of these genomic regions and their respective genes provide information about genetic basis and biologic regulation for Nelore feed efficiency related traits.
Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais em frangos de corte de crescimento lento desafiados com Salmonella Heidelberg
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-08) Mota, Lorena Cunha; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mojyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Melo, Francislete Rodrigues; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho
Two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the antimicrobial activity of native extracts of native species of Brazilian Cerrado. The first experiment was carried out in vitro using seven ethanolic plant extracts native to the Brazilian cerrado (Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), Jacaranda (Machaerium villosum), Jenipapo (Genipa americana), Pau-terra (Qualea parviflora), Pau- (Brosimum gaudichaudii), to evaluate the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg. The phenolic compounds of the plant extracts were determined by spectroscopy in the visible region, using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The determination of the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was carried out using the ABTS solution free radical sequestration method. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the seven ethanolic extracts against Salmonella Heidelberg was performed using the disc diffusion method. In the second experiment were performed performance tests, intestinal development, bacteriology and blood biochemistry of slow-growing chickens challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg and treated with woodland plant extract. A total of 432 broiler chickens were used. The roasted red roasted roasted roasted red roasted roe were distributed in six treatments, six replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. The experimental design was randomized blocks distributed in six treatments: SH + control (birds with challenge + basal ration); SH + EVT (challenged birds + antimicrobial ration), SH + EVPT (control + challenged birds), control (birds without challenge + basal ration), ANT (unchallenged birds + antimicrobial ration) and EVPT challenge + plant extract). Performance, intestinal histomorphometry, specific bacteriology and blood biochemistry were evaluated. The results of the antimicrobial analysis of Salmonella Heidelgerb extracts were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The performance data, histomorphometry and blood biochemistry were submitted to the test of variance. Data from the specific bacteriology were analyzed by descriptive method. The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The ethanolic vegetal extracts varied from 6.48 to 59.81 g EAG / mL of total phenolic compounds and 595 to 1098.33 μmol / L of antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra presented moderate antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (halo diameter 9.5%). In the results of the performance evaluation the ANT treatment promoted greater weight gain and higher final weight of the birds and the SH + EVPT treatment influenced in lower weight gain and lower final weight. In the evaluation of the histomorphometry of the segments of the gastrointestinal tract histoformetrium of the chick embryo of slow growth slow crypt depth in the mucosa was higher in the birds submitted to the SH + EVPT treatment and, the lower in the birds submitted to SH + crypt for SH + control birds and reduction in the ratio for SH + EVPT treated birds. The treatments did not influence the studied parameters of the duodenum and jejunum of seven - day - old birds. The SH + EVPT treatment promoted crypt depth increase, and the SH + control treatment reduced crypt depth. In the birds of 42 days of age the treatment promoted EVPT promoted jejunal villus height and SH + control reduced jejunal villus height. In the ilium SH + EVPT treatment promoted villus enlargement and ANT treatment reduced villus height. The SH + control treatment reduced the crypt depth of the ilium and the SH + EVPT treatment increased the crypt depth of the ilium. In bacteriology, 75% of the gastrointestinal tract presented Salmonella Heidelberg at 7 days of age, 58% at 28 days of age and 16.66% at 42 days of age. The concentration of albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid was influenced by the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of Barbatimão Jacarandá, Mama-bitch, Jenipapo, Pau-ferro and Murici did not present antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (diameter of halo 5mm). The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra, offered in drinking water, using a concentration of 1: 1000 and supplied once a day to slow-growing chickens does not promote the performance improvement of chickens up to 28 days of age and has no activity antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heldelberg.
Caracterização e potencial de comércio da carne de capivara criada em sistema semi-intensivo
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-30) Cunha, Waldeliza Fernandes da; Miranda, Luciana Batalha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8602509262472528; Sousa, Cleiton Mateus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212392589323518; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209; Monteiro, Elias de Pádua; Silveira, Miriam Fontes Araújo; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Torres, Maria Célia Lopes
The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency, profitability and quality of housing, físicos- chemical parameters and acceptability of capybara meat grown in semi-intensive system, as well as knowing the profile and beliefs of consumers of exotic meat. The thesis is composed of five chapters, the chapter 1, initial considerations that addresses the motivations of research and so on and finally concludes as all, as this is the thesis summary. We conducted a literature review on the topic, from biology and habits of the capybara, the market of wild animals and meat quality. Subsequently characterized the carcass and cuts capybara as income, profitability and microbiology. For this, we used six coming adult capybaras (76kg) the commercial breeding of Jatai GO, slaughtered in the experimental abattoir IF Goiás Campus Ceres. The results showed hot carcass dressing (WHR) in relation to body weight (BW) of 52,9%. The yields of retail cuts (RCC) in descending order were: ham and (31,33%), shoulder (26,67%), rib (17,33%) and loin (10,67%), the profitability of housing is incremented when the cuts are marketed separately, there was no contamination by Salmonella. The physicochemical analyzes, we evaluated the proximate composition, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force (FC) and the color, the cuts from the loin, shank and the palette of six capybaras were used. The results showed that capybara meat has low levels in relation to Domestic meat lipids, highlighting the palette. There was no difference between the cuts for the CRA, HR ranged from 5,3 to 7,1, indicating softness. For color, the palette contents were lower in red (a *) for revealing lower lipid contents. Assessing the acceptability of capybara meat cuts and types of crackling, offering up different types of meat to consumers. The results showed that the capybara meat had similar acceptance pork and lamb, being lower than the beef. To know the profile and beliefs of consumers (end and distributors) of these products in the towns of Caldas Novas, Ceres and Goiânia, GO . The results showed that respondents consume meat of any wild form, capybara meat is the most consumed in the form of meatballs. It was evident that even family and friends influenced the consumption of these products. Finally, we observed the existence of belief that meat from animals raised in captivity is healthier, attributing the quality, price and availability of the product as determinants of increased consumption of meat of wild animals in these regions studied. We conclude that capybara meat has the potential consumer and marketing.
Delipidação química na produção in vitro e criopreservação de embriões bovinos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-09-13) Diesel, Tiago Omar; Porto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6367040339353532; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; Biancardi, Manoel Francisco; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; Matos, Moema Pacheco Chediak; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos
Chemical delipidation has been used as an alternative to improve the cryotolerance of in vitro produced embryos (IVP). The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (LC) on the development and survival of vitrified IVP bovine embryos by the Cryotop method in the first assay, and in the second trial the effect of LC and Forskolin on Cryotop cryopreserved embryos Experiment 1), or by modified slow freezing (Experiment 2), so mitochondrial activity, intracytoplasmic lipid (LI) content, cellular apoptosis (NCA) and hatching after heating were evaluated. In the first essay LC was used at the concentration of 0,6 mg/mL in maturation culture medium (IVM), embryo culture (IVC) and / or post-thawing (REC), in four treatments: without LC (Control), LC added to CIV (LCiv), LC to CIV + LC to REC (LCivR), and LC to MIV / CIV + LC to REC (LMivCR). The addition of LC increased the production of blastocysts in D7 by 28.6% (LCiv) and the amount of embryos grade I by 36.9% (LCivR), the re-expansion rate in 22,7% and hatching in 20.1% (LCiv), and mitochondrial activity was 1.9 times higher (P <0.001) (LCivR) than Control. The LI quantity was 29% lower in LCiv and LCivR and 50.2% in LMivCR compared Control (P <0.001). In the second experiment the embryos were cultured without addition of delipidators (Control), in the presence of 10μM of Forskolin added to the IVC in D5 (FORSK) or L-carnitine (0.6 mg / mL) added to the IVC and in post-thawing (LC). LC supplementation increased the production of blastocysts in D7 by 22.0% and grade I embryos by 30.1% (P <0.05), in relation to Control and FORSK. In Experiment 1, the re-expansion rate in LC increased (P <0.05) 28.9% in relation to FORSK. In Experiment 2, two Control treatments were used for slow freezing (Classic and Modified). Hatching after 48 hours was greater (P <0.05) in LC compared to FORSK and Classical and Modified Controls (77.5%, 41.9%, 40.5%, 40.8% respectively). In the LC treatment, there was a decrease (P <0.05) of 64.7% in the degenerate embryo rate in relation to the Classical Control. Treatment with delipidators reduced LI content (P <0.001) by 2.2 fold in FORSK and four times in the LC compared to Control. The addition of 0.6 mg / mL of L-carnitine to the culture medium and the post-thawing increased the rate of in vitro production of bovine embryos acting positively on mitochondrial potential, reducing the amount of intracellular lipids and cellular apoptosis and increasing cryotolerance of embryos submitted to the modified slow freezing protocol.
Desempenho agronômico e nutricional do capim "Mulato II" sob doses e fontes de nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-21) Jacovetti, Reginaldo; Bastos, Débora de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3166485141668542; Oliveira, Leonardo Guimarães de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0462958970440868; França, Aldi Fernandes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327; França , Aldi Fernandes de Souza; Eichler, Verner; Miyagi , Eliane Sayuri; Reis, Angela Adamski da Silva; Arnhold, Emmanuel
Aiming a commercial competitiveness to the brazilian final product, in the current situation, the beef cattle industry shows itself as the largest herd in the world, but with low production by area. To Brazil improve zootechinical indexes, is necessary to product with knoledge, enviromental sustainability and first of all respecting the limits of all involved in the process like wather, soil, environment, plant, plant and man. Amomng this limits we need to respect all productive process of each regional structure and comerce for example large curlures, horticulture and livestock. If not respected this limits and regional structure is compromised the economical part of the system. To produce beef we need a lot o sources like wather "scarce resource" , agricultural area, and so cattle as feeded by grass, what kind of feed could be inserted in each region, and finaly we bring the knowledge that we need informations like local annual precipitation, maximun and minimum temperature, informations about phisical and chemical characteristics os the soil to be secure about your investiment. To animal production is required specific knowledge to produce without degradate the environment, making the zootechical indexes persist, respectiong the plant limit production, aminal limit production and environmental sustainability. There are many forrage cultivars to pasture, among them a recently released hybrid Brachiaria genotype "Convert HD 364" cv Mulato II, that requires research to identify the type of growth, production per area of dry matter and bromatological parameters to define the forrage production potencial. So was analysed the total area production, laboratory analyses to characterize the bromatological production, apparent nitrogen recover and total crude protein production of Mulato II. To qualitative analyse was made a in situ and in vitro gas production of Mulato II grass.
Desempenho e respostas fisiológicas de frangos alimentados com rações processadas termicamente, contendo milho ou sorgo, nas fases pós-eclosão e pré-inicial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-30) Sousa, Regina Fialho de; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Guimarães, Igo Gomes; Oliveira, Eduardo Miranda de
Resumo em língua estrangeira: Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance, the metabolizability of nutrients and the physiological responses of chicks fed with thermally processed feed, containing corn or sorghum, in the post-hatch and in the pre-initial phase. In Experiment I, was evaluated the thermal processing of the post-hatch diet, made with corn or sorghum. The design was completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (pelleted or extruded feed, containing corn or sorghum), with four treatments, six replications of 30 chicks each. The experimental diets were supplied in transport boxes for 24 hours after hatching. After the post-hatch phase, all chicks were housed and received the same pre-starter feed. Analysis of variance was performed and the means compared by the Tukey test (5%). After 24 hours, chicks that consumed the pelleted post-hatch diet showed less weight loss. There was greater absorption of nutrients from the yolk sac in chicks that consumed feed with sorghum, regardless of thermal processing. It was also found that post-hatch diets with corn, when extruded, resulted in greater specific amylase activity and lower glucose concentration in chicks. At seven days of age, chicks that consumed feed extruded with corn showed worse feed conversion. In Experiment II, the effect of thermal processing of pre-starter diets with sorghum or corn was evaluated on performance, development of TGI and specific activity of amylase and pancreatic lipase in chicks. were used 360 broiler chicks, distributed in completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme, two ingredients (corn or sorghum) and two types of thermal processing (extrusion or pelletizing), six repetitions of 15 chicks each. The experimental rations were supplied to the chicks in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days) and after all the chicks received the same meal, mash. At seven days of age, it was found that chicks fed with extruded feed, based on sorghum, showed better performance. A greater relative weight of the pancreas, jejunum and ileum was observed when the pre-initial diet was based on sorghum. The extruded feed based on corn resulted in greater specific activity of pancreatic amylase. Chicks that consumed feed extruded with sorghum showed greater height of villus in the duodenum and jejunum. The effect of the pre-starter feed on the weight gain observed at seven days of age remained until 21 days. In Experiment III, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the thermal processing of the pre-initial diet for broiler chicks on the performance, development of the digestive tract and metabolizability of nutrients. were used 270 male chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design, with the treatments: pelleted feed and extruded feed. Analysis of variance was performed. At seven days of age, chicks fed extruded feed had less development of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and worse metabolizability of nitrogen, dry matter, in addition to less metabolizable energy compared to pelleted feed. At 21 days of age, chicks that consumed pelletized pre-starter feed showed better performance compared to extruded feed. It is concluded that post-hatch diets based on sorghum, stimulate the absorption of the yolk sac, regardless of the type of thermal processing used. The extrusion of the pre-initial feed produced with sorghum is the processing that results in better performance, development of the organs of the digestive system. Pelletizing of the pre-starter ration is the most suitable thermal processing for corn-based diets, as it results in greater performance and metabolizability of nutrients in broiler chicks.
Desempenho e viabilidade econômica de tourinhos de diferentes grupos genéticos, suplementados no pasto com fonte mineral ou energético-mineral, com posterior terminação em confinamento
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-01) Guimarães, Tiago Pereira; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Pádua, João Teodoro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; Restle, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559938697233077; Rstle, João; Leão, Karen Martins; Bilego , Ubirajara Oliveira; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; Ribeiro, Marinaldo Divino
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and economic viability of young bulls backgrounded in rotated pasture of Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85, in the rainy season. Eightyone bull calves with average age of 12 months and average weight of 252±33 kg were used. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, using mineral supplement (MS) and energy-mineral supplement (EMS), and three genetic groups Nellore (NEL), ½Canchim½Nellore (CAN) and ½Brangus½Nellore (BRN). The average forage availability was 13.6 kg DM/day per animal. The consumption of MS was statistically similar between genetic groups with overall mean of 0.073 kg/day per animal. The consumption of EMS was higher for the BRN with 2.10 kg/day, followed by CAN with 1.57 kg/day and lower for NEL with 1.28 kg/day. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and total weight gain were higher for animals receiving EMS than those receiving MS (P<0.05). In the MS treated animals, the BRN had ADG of 0.64 kg, and the NEL and CAN were similar with average of 0.46 kg/day. For animals that consumed EMS, the CAN had higher ADG with 0.97 kg, and the NEL and BRN were similar with average of 0.86 kg/day. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and creatinine were not changed by the type of supplement or genetic groups. Higher levels of urea were found in NEL and CAN animals with MS. The BRN were more compact, with greater development of chest and hindquarters, the CAN had intermediate development of thorax and hindquarters, and presented greater growth in length, while the NEL had higher growth in height and lower in thorax and hindquarters. The highest spending on MS per animal/day was for the NEL (R$0.14), the lowest for the BRN (R$0.06), and intermediate for the CAN (R$0.07). For animals treated with EMS the highest spending per animal/day was for the BRN (R$1.95), the lowest for the NEL (R$1.14), and intermediate for the CAN (R$1.40). The cost of EMS was higher in all genetic groups in relation to MS. The net income per animal with MS was better for the BRN with R$282.04, followed by the CAN with R$197.18, and lower for the NEL with R$117.21. For bulls that received EMS, the CAN had the best net revenue of R$317.40 per animal, followed by BRN with R$175.55 and lower for NEL with R$165.30. The NEL and CAN bulls that received EMS had a higher economic return than those treated with MS, whereas BRN had a better return for animals treated with MS. The energy-mineral supplement provided better performance of animals. The use of energy-mineral supplement during the rainy season in Tifton 85 grass is recommended only for Nellore and ½Canchim½Nelore bulls, for ½Brangus½Nelore the mineral supplement is recommended.
Desenvolvimento do trato gastrintestinal de aves de corte de genótipos de crescimento lento na fase inicial e digestibilidade de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-18) Assis, Saullo Diogo de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Minafra, Cibele da Silva; Hellmeister Filho, Paulo
Three experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the differences in performance, nutritional utilization of the ration and development of the digestive tract of four slow - growing broiler strains. The effects of the breeding system on the development of the digestive tract and determine the metabolizable energy values of the main feed of broiler chickens slow growing. In the experiment I were evaluated the zootechnical performance, the bioeconomic index and the metabolizability of the nutrients of the ration of different strains of slow - growth and early - growth broilers. A total of 544 day - old chicks, 136 of each genotypes were used: Label Rouge Pesadão, Isa Label Rouge Naked Neck, Carijó and CarijóNaked Neck, distributed randomly in eight replicates of 17 animals each. The studied variables were performance, bioeconomic index, nutrient metabolizable coefficients, apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn). In experiment II, 600 slow - growing chickens (Label Rouge Naked Neck) were housed initially in a conventional masonry shed, raised up to 70 days old. At 35 days of age they were divided into two groups, one of which had access to free area and another one remained in the shed until the end of the experiment. The variables studied were live weight, digestive tract development and intestinal histomorphometry at different ages. For experiment III, six hundred broiler chicks of the Label Rouge Naked Neck line were used. The treatments consisted of seven foods and one reference diet. The methodology used was the total collection of excreta. The tested foods were: soybean meal, corn grain, rice bran, sorghum grain, 60% corn gluten, wheat bran and soybean oil. There were differences (P <0.05) for live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion among the four lines studied, at 7, 14, 21, 28and 63 days of age. The Carijó Neck strain showed the worst performance results from 1 to 63 days of age compared to the other lines studied. There was a difference (P <0.05) for the bioeconomic index (IBE). The Carijó, Label Rouge Neck and Label rouge lines had the highest IBE values. The metabolizable coefficients of the nutrients differed (P <0.05) between the lines at seven and 21 days of age. The highest value of the metabolizable coefficient of the protein and mineral matter of the diet was obtained by the Carijó line at seven and 21 days of age. There was a difference (P <0.05) between the lineages in live weight, allometry of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometry at one, seven and 28 days of age. The breeding systems influenced (<0.05) the live weight and the allometry of the organs of the digestive system of broiler chickens of the Isa Label Neck Snack Line at 72 days of age. The semiconfined breeding system improved the performance and growth of the small intestine of the Isa Label Naked Neck line. The values of AMEn (kcal / kg) of foods based on natural matter were: soybean meal, 2215 kcal / kg; corn grain, 3568 kcal / kg; sorghum grain, 3212 kcal / kg; rice bran, 2365 kcal / kg; wheat bran, 2482 kcal / kg; soybean oil, 7902 kcal / kg and 60% corn gluten, 2860 kcal / kg. The slow growing strains present differences in performance, nutritional utilization, allometric digestion tract and energetic utilization of the ration when compared to each other.
Efeito da reutilização da cama de frango no conforto térmico das aves e seu uso como fertilizante para a cultura do milho
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Migotto, Dannielle Leonardi; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5304081966255411; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Silva, Wilton Ladeira da; Teixeira, Itamar Rosa; Santos, Vinícius Machado dos
A large generation of poultry litter (PL), arising from the increased production of broiler chicken, has become an environmental problem with indiscriminate use. The best forms of reuse are needed to minimize this impact on the environment and to be used by agriculture as a fertilizer to improve physical and chemical soil characteristics and to reduce fertilizer expenditure. Understanding some variables that include the reuse of PL in the livestock environment is also necessary. The enthalpy comfort index (ECI) can be used to understand the environmental conditions in relation to the condition of thermal stress suffered by the animal under conditions of reuse of the PL. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microclimate of sheds of broiler with different types of PL using the ECI, and to evaluate the addition of two chemical soil conditioners in different PL produced as fertilizer in corn crop. The experiments were conducted at Santa Terezinha Farm and GRANJA 54 (Goiás-Brazil), which carries out commercial broiler and grain production. Two broiler sheds (negative pressure tunnel type) measuring 1,680m2 and 20,000 birds/shed were used in this experiment (population density of 11.9 birds/m²). The treatments consist of the amount of reuse of poultry litter (R3 - PL with 3 flocks of reuse and R6 - PL with 6 flocks of reuse). The absorbent material used was a rice husk. No experiment I, of welfare, the design used was completely randomized, with time subdivided plots and the data were analyzed in a factorial scheme 2x4 (poultry litter reuses x schedules), totaling 8 treatments with 12 replicates. Were collected the instantaneous temperature, maximum and minimum of sheds and PL, the relative humidity, ammonia levels and ECI, from 7 to 42 days of age of birds. We used three digital thermo hygrometer at equidistant points in the sheds and as measurements were taken at the following schedules: 07: 00h, 10: 00h, 14: 00h and 19: 00h. ECI equation considers 3 environmental variables: temperature, relative humidity and local barometric pressure (Brasília average = 890mmHG). The results were statistically analyzed using the R software and comparing as media by the Tukey test (5% significance). A difference (P≤0.05) was observed in the relative humidity between sheds, R6 with 47.32% and R3 with 44.31%, and between the measurement hours (P≤0.05), with average humidity higher than 07am with 54.02%, against 44.01% at 10am, 41.09% at 14pm and 44.14% at 19pm. No interaction (P>0.05) was observed for the ECI, being classified as a “comfort zone” for both sheds. The ECI did not differ between the different poultry litter reuse values. This result means that either reuse for six flocks consecutive in relation to three reuse is safe with respect to broiler comfort. In experiment II, the adopted statistical design was the completely randomized, with three blocks and nine treatments, composing a 2x4 factorial scheme (reuse of PL x additive or not), each experimental unit media 27m². The conditioners used for the preparation of the treatments were calcitic limestone (40% of the PL weight) and mineralizer (20lts/ton.PL). The treatments were piled up with 55% moisture, fermented aerobically for 10 days and revolved on the 5th day. The treatments applicabled to the soil were: SC: negative control, without PL; R3: PL with 3 reuses; R3: R3 + Calcitic limestone (C); R3M: R3 + Mineralizer (M); R3CM: R3 + C + M; R6: PL with 6 reuses; R6C: R6 + C; R6M: R6 + M; R6CM: R6 + C + M. All treatments received mineral fertilization with 220kg/ha NPK 05.25.15. 4ton./ha of PL treatments were applied in the soil. The corn planted was the high yield hybrid 30F53VYH (PIONEER®). The results were statistically analyzed using the R software and comparing as media by the Scott-Knott test (5% significance). The treatments with PL presented significant (P≤0,05) values for the variables humidity (R6CM and R3CM), pH (R3CM, R3M and R6M), CTC (R3M, R6, R3 and R6M), calcium (R3C, R3CM, R6C and R6CM), manganese (R3CM, R3C, R6C, R6CM and R3CM), boron (R3M and R6M) and iron (R6CM, R3M, R6M and R3CM). The results of corn yield index showed difference for plant height (2.92m) and first ear insertion (1.62m) in R3M. The PL proved to be favorable in several variables for use in agriculture when compared to the treatment without PL, improving soil variables and morphological characteristics of corn.
Estratégias de adubação orgânica em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu com M Stylosanthe spp no bioma cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-29) Silva, Luiz Henrique Xavier da; Soares, João Paulo Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2834060716037496; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5838290185532582; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; Silva, Maurícia Brandão da; Silva, Thiago Carvalho da; Oliveira, Euclides Reuter de; Padua, João Teodoro
The aim of this work was to evaluate dry matter yield (DMY), chemical composition and contribution of legumes in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture intercropped with a mixture of Stylosanthes spp. cultivars (Mineirão, Campo Grande and Bela) exposed to organic and conventional management during three years in two adjacent areas (Oxisol) with or without green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The experimental design was randomized blocks in split split plot with 3 repetitions and 3 factors: fertilizing, use of legumes and use of fungus. In the plot were made three types of soil fertilization management (no fertilization (Control), conventional management (CM) and organic management (OM) fertilization); in the split plot two planting management (with and without pigeon peas); in the spli split plot (with and without fungus). Three months before planting it was applied 2 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone and 1 t ha-1 of gypsum and then green manure area was cropped using Crotalaria juncea to guarantee the organic Matter and N source. At planting OM was performed with N, K and P sources such as chicken manure (1.5%N), thermopotassium (6%K2O) and thermophosphate (12%P2O5) in amounts of 6.7 ha-1, 2 t ha-1 and 1 t ha-1, respectively. For CM treatment it was used potassium chloride (60%K2O), triple superphosphate (46%P2O5) and urea (46%N) totaling 200, 260 and 217 kg.ha-1, respectively. PMS did not present significant differences between the treatments studied. The organic management favored in both Brachiaria and Stylosanthes better chemical composition and nutritional quality. The multivariate analysis technique using the principal components analysis method was more efficient in the expressive determination of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu variables, with non - random behavior of the groups.
Estruturação genealógica para propostas de acasalamentos em rebanhos das raças Curraleiro Pé-Duro e Pantaneiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-29) Silva, Bruna Paula Alves da; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; Juliano, Raquel Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4884381347303453; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira e; Ferro, Diogo Alves da Costa; Moura, Maria Ivete de; Hellmeister Filho, Paulo
The brazilian bovine breeds Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Pantaneiro, inhabitants of Cerrado, Semi-árido and Pantanal are in the process of extinction, at risk of disappearing before their characteristics are adequately studied. The objective was perform the genealogical structure of breeds Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Pantaneiro, with a view to the conservation of animal genetic resources, in order to maintain the genetic variability within breeds, avoiding inbreeding, through proposals from matings based on genealogy. Samples of hair bulb from 1073 Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle from nineteen herds and 290 Pantaneiros from four herds were analyzed. Amplification of 27 DNA microsatellites was performed by PCR. The average number of alleles per locus, allele frequency, heterozygosity expected and observed and polymorphic information content were calculated. For each animal an opinion of the affiliation control was issued. Large allelic variability was observed for the breeds, where the Curraleiro Pé-Duro presented an average of 8,70 alleles per loco and the Pantaneiro 6,70. The values of expected and observed heterozygosity were 0,713 and 0,653, respectively, for the Curraleiro Pé-Duro and 0,701 and 0,672 for Pantaneiro. The average value of polymorphic information content for the Curraleiro Pé-Duro was 0,671 and for the Pantaneiro 0,655. The probability of combined exclusion for the breeds was 0,99992. The mating lots were set at the minimum male:female ratio of 1:13 to the maximum of 1:26 for the Curraleiro Pé-Duro and 1:13 to 1:21 for the Pantaneiro, depending on the size of the herd. The paternity tests enabled the elaboration of reproductive programs for the herds, aiming to improve the genetic management of these populations, avoiding inbreeding. Both breeds showed great genetic variability inside of breeds, demonstrating that although they are in extinction have herds with a lot of genetic diversity.
Exposição de ovos de matrizes pesadas à luz monocromática durante a incubação artificial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-06-01) Mesquita, Mariana Alves; Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar Orlando; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Tanure, Candice Bergmann Garcia e Silva; Minafra, Cibele Silva; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Mello, Heloísa Helena de Carvalho
Two experiments were conducted at North Carolina State University to elucidate the hypothesis that exposing broiler embryos to monochromatic lights during incubation period may influence embryonic growth and development, improving incubation traits and posthatching period. In the first experiment, intermittent green light, continuous green light, intermittent red light and dark were evaluated. In addition, the influence of egg position in the tray was also tested. In the second experiment, monochromatic green light exposure was evaluated during different phases of incubation period. Treatments were: 1) 21d of incubation in the dark; 2) 21d of incubation with green light; 3) dark until E5 and continuous green light until hatch; 4) continuous green light until E5 and dark until hatch; 5) dark until E18 and continuous green light until hatch; 6) continuous green light until E18 and dark until hatch. Machine temperatures were adjusted daily in order to obtain optimal eggshell temperature (99,5 a 100,4°F) during the whole incubation period. In the first trial, embryo mortality in intermediate phase was higher in the group exposed to intermittent green light. Relative proventriculus weight was influenced by light stimuli, and the group that was not exposed to light showed the greatest organ development. Feed intake was also influenced by light treatments at 21 d of age. In the second trial, exposing embryos to continuous green light at different moments during incubation period affected the percentage of hatch and hatch of fertile. In addition, dead pipped was higher in the group exposed to light until E18. Liver weight was higher in chicks incubated in the dark during 21 d. Feed conversion ratio at 35 and 42 days was also influenced by light treatments, and the group that was not exposed to light during the whole incubation period had the lower feed conversion ratio. Significant interaction was observed between light stimuli and sex for breast yield. Male chicks that were light stimulated until E18 had the lowest breast yield. Comparing sexes, the highest breast yield was observed for females that were light stimulated until E18 during incubation. In conclusion, with incubation conditions that were established during the experiments, exposing broiler embryos to monochromatic lights did not promote benefits in incubation traits and also did not influenced chick growth and development in posthatching period.
Extrato padronizado em compostos fenólicos de resíduos agroindustriais de goiaba em rações para frango
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-01-19) Noleto, Raiana Almeida; Stringhini , José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Café, Marcos Barcellos
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate guava extract standardized on phenolic compounds (GESPC) in broiler ration. In experiment one, were evaluated, total ash and insoluble in acids content, granulometric distribution and the intumescence rate of the plant, in liquid extract were evaluated total phenol content, flavonoids and tannins, antioxidant activity, centesimal composition and fatty acid profile was also evaluated. In experiment two, was evaluated performance, diet nutrients metabolizability, intestine histomorphometry and length, relative weight of digestible and lymphoid organs. A total of 300 male chickens were used, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and six replicates with ten birds. Treatments: basal ration (control), basal ration + 120 mg/kg vitamin E or three levels of GESPC (600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg of feed). In experiment tree, performance, carcass yield and cuts, blood biochemistry, feed fatty acid profile, pH and meat color, were evaluated 24 hours after slaughter, lipid oxidation and fatty acid profile of breast and drumstick/thigh meat at 42 days old, after 30 and 60 days of storage. A total of 600 male chickens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments, and five replicates with 24 birds. Treatment: Basal ration (control), basal ration with 200 mg/kg vitamin E or three levels of GESPC (1,000, 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg of feed). In experiment one, plant sample presented 5.76% total ashes, 3.22% acid insoluble ashes, moderately thick powder and 2.6 mL of intumescence rate. The extract had 0.166 mg/mL total phenols, 5.97% flavonoids and 0.315 mg/mL of tannins, 96% of moisture, 2.6% proteins, 3.0% lipids and 12 fatty acids. The antioxidant activity: IC50 = 21.7 μg/mL by DPPH method and a percentage of 1.6 x 107 μM Fe 2 SO 4/g by FRAP method. In experiment two, chickens supplemented with extract had higher weight, final weight and better feed conversion at 7 days old. There was a quadratic effect for weight gain, final weight and a decrecent linear for feed conversion at seven days old. Diet nutrients metabolizability was not influenced. In broilers supplemented with 1000 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg of GESPC, intestine length and spleen weight was longer than control group at seven days old, respectively. Chickens fed with rations whit 800 and 1,000 mg/kg of GESPC had higher villi stature in relation to villus cryo in the duodenum in relation to control at 21 days old. In experiment tree carcass performance and yield were not influenced by treatments. Broilers supplemented with 1600 mg/kg of GESPC had higher total protein levels in blood compared to control group or 1,000 mg/kg group. There was a higher volume of globulins in broilers fed with 1600 mg/kg of GESPC, in relation to other treatments. Concentration of HDL was higher in broilers blood fed with ration containing 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to control groups and 1000 mg/kg of GESPC. A higher pH on broilers breast muscle was observed, when fed with 1300 or 1600 mg/kg of GESPC compared to vitamin E group. In the drumstick/thigh, pH was higher in broilers fed with on 1600 mg/kg of GESPC or vitamin E in relation to control group. The lipid oxidation at 30 days of storage was higher in drumstick/thigh of broilers supplemented with 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to other treatments. The lipid oxidation at 60 days of storage was higher in drumstick/thigh of broilers supplemented with 1,600 mg/kg of GESPC in relation to other treatments. The liquid extract of guava residue contains bioactive substances, with potential antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP method. The GESPC 800 or 1,000 mg/kg supplementation level may be used in broiler diets considering intestinal performance and development. The EGPCF at doses of 1,300 and 1,600 mg/kg increases the lipid oxidation of broiler meat stored for 30 and 60 days.

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