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Item Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) cultivada in vitro e ex vitro: morfologia, anatomia e ultraestrutura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Silva, Elienai Candida e; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Carneiro, Renê da Silva Gonçalves; Sibov, Sérgio TadeuIn vitro-grown plants have functional characteristics that difficult their survival when transferred directly from in vitro conditions to the natural environment, thus needing of acclimatization. Structural and phyisiological characteristic of the plants grown in vitro and ex vitro are important for technical adjustments and contribute to further information about the phenotypic plasticity of the plants exposed to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker grown in vitro under different sealing lids of test tubes, and acclimatized. A. bromeliifolia is on ornamental species and therefore, the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) has accomplished studies aiming to propagation in vitro. Plants cultured in vitro in test tubes with three sealing lids were analyzed: polypropylene rigid closure (PC), polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) and PC covered with a microporous membrane (PM). For comparison, plants germinated from seeds in a screen house were also analyzed. The acclimatized plants were maintained in a greenhouse under controlled conditions and were evaluated after 11 months. The in situ-grown plants were used for comparison. Among the in vitro-grown plants, those grown in tubes sealed with PM are more similar to those grown in screen house, mainly on opening of the stomata and chloroplasts ultrastructural. In the leaves of acclimatized plants some morphological and anatomical characteristics are different from those that occur in the leaves of in situ-grown plants: fibers associated to the vascular bundles have less wall thickness and the hypodermic fibers are organized into least number of layers in addition, they also less wall thickness. Moreover, the stomata occurs less depth in the epidermis in the leaves developed in the greenhouse. However, considering that most morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the acclimatized plants are similar to those that occur in the leaves of in situ-grown plants, is possible concluded that the acclimatization process and the greenhouse environmental did not restrict its development, result that favoring the establishment of these plants in natural environmental.Item A andromonoicia de Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae): variação na manifestação do sistema sexual ao longo do tempo e espaço(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-26) Marcelo, Vanessa Gonzaga; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio Alves Macedo de; Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de; Silva, Francismeire Jane Telles da; Caetano, Ana PaulaAndromonoecy is a sexual system in which the same individual produces hermaphrodict and male flowers. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze functional, population and temporal variations in the expression of this sexual system in Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. The flowers of the floral types had their measurements taken, analyzed as to the production and viability of the pollen, ovules count and the formation of the fruits and seeds. The phenology was analyzed through the index of intensity and activity. Mating system experiments were carried out on the two floral types and focal observations to verify the behavior of the visitors. In S. lycocarpum, the sexual expression of individuals varied over time and between populations, so that the distribution of flower types may indicate that individuals may respond to differences in environmental conditions. There were still individuals who were only male, making such a system found does not correspond to the andromonoecious system. In addition, it was observed that the hermaphrodict flowers, besides having the larger stylet than the male ones, are larger in length and width. In relation to the quantity and pollen viability, this differentiated between the floral types, being that the hermaphrodicts have a greater quantity of pollen grains and, whereas the male flowers have a greater viability than the hermaphrodicts. In hermaphrodicts flowers, 85% of the ovules form seeds, while in the male, the "ovules" are not fertile. Thus, the lower energy expenditure in the production of smaller male flowers, with reduced pistils and with unviable ovules, could make them more abundant and produce more viable pollen. The reduction in the number of flowers was accompanied by the production of the fruits, which could indicate an economy of the resources that would already be used in the production of the fruits, since these are large and with many seeds. The species is self-incompatible, and only the hermaphrodite flowers produce fruit. S. lycocarpum fits into the buzz pollination syndrome, being pollinators bees with vibration capacity. Bees of smaller body size vibrated the anthers individually, having no or little contact with the stigma, unlike the larger ones that vibrated the cone, having contact between the stigma and the abdomen of the bee. In S. lycocarpum, the lower percentage of pollen viability in the hermaphrodite flowers, besides the presence of exclusively male individuals, could indicate a system in evolutionary path for other sexual systems, such as androdioecy.Item Aspectos do desenvolvimento em feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) inoculados com Trichoderma spp.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Moreira, Suya Samara; Rezende, Maria Helena; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Portes, Tomás de Aquino; Júnior, Murilo LoboFungi of the genus Trichodermaspp. can be used as biological control agents and also as inducer of growth in different plants. Its action is based on different mechanisms such as the production of secondary metabolites, competition for space and nutrients, production of hydrolytic enzymes and signaling molecules. However, only a few works were made about morphological and anatomical aspects of the interaction between Trichodermaspp. and plants. This project aims to watch and determine the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum(ALL42 and T22) and Trichoderma asperellum(T34) strains in morphological and anatomical aspects of the bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Morphological parameters as size of the root, root volume, dry mass and leaf area were analyzed, and some anatomical parameters like quantitative analysis of mesophile thickness leaf epidermis in stages V2, V4, R5, R7and R8, and the alteration of the structural characteristics of the root in stages V2, V4 and R5. The treatments were performed in seeds free from inoculation with Trichodermaspp. (control) and seeds treated with Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 and T34 with three replicates each, totaling twelve treatments for stage analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA analysis of variance and separation of means test. The obtained data suggest that changes occurred inthe biomass of the dried plant, leaf area, length and volume of the root in most of the analyzed stages. However, in thickness of mesophyle analyse, significant differences was found only in stages V4 and R7. It was observed that the treated samples showed a greater Trichodermaspp. secondary cylinder vascular growth of roots, mainly in V4 stage. Was observed in R5 stage a further development of secondary xylem in the vascular cylinder of roots when treated with Trichodermaspp.. These data suggest that the fungus accelerates the development in P. vulgarisL. roots. Among the parameters analyzed, isolates of T. harzianum(ALL42 and T22) was those who shows a bigger difference when compared with the control.Item Avaliação da atividade genotóxica e antigenotóxica do elagitanino oenoteina B isolado de Eugenia uniflora L.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-18) Silva, Cínthia Aparecida da; Lee, Chen Chen; Santos, Suzana da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811945085200334The species Eugenia uniflora L. belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is known as “pitangueira”. It is characterized by small fruit trees that have great therapeutic potential. The leaves of E. uniflora are rich in hydrolyzable tannins, and the ellagitannin oenothein B has been studied for its remarkable antitumor activity, representing a possibility for the treatment of some cancers. However, there is a need for evaluation of possible mutagenic, genotoxic and toxic effects, which may result in damage to the human body. Three doses of oenoteina B (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) were used in the micronucleus test, and the same doses along with mitomycin C. Five doses of oenoteina B were used in SOS inductest (10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/plate) to evaluate the possible genotoxic or antigenotoxic action and examining the cytotoxic or anticytotoxic activity of this tannin. Our data showed that oenoteina B did not exhibit genotoxic effects, and furthermore, this ellagitannin demonstrated protective action against micronucleus formation induced by mitomycin C in mice. The possible use of oenoteina B as a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent still needs further studies using different tests for genotoxicity, applied to longterm, pre- and post-treatments, to investigate the mechanism of action of this compound.Item Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e antigenotóxico da fração aquosa e do isolado pedunculagina da semente de Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart) O. Berg em sistemas in vivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-06-30) Silva, Rangel Moreira; Santos, Suzana da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811945085200334; Lee, Chen Chen; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4621907105842007; Lee, Chen Chen; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Silva, Caroline Ribeiro eMyrciaria cauliflora (Mart), commonly known as “Jabuticaba” (Brazilian Grape) occurs in all of South America, especially in Brazil. This species presents medicinal properties and it is popularly used to treat diarrhea and respiratory diseases. It has already been proven several biological activities such as antioxidant, antimutagenic and anti-proliferative. The phytochemical analysis of M. cauliflora detected the presence of several compounds, including the ellagitannin pedunculagin. Due to the widespread use of this species for therapeutic and food purposes, this study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic, cytotoxic and anticytotoxic actions of the aqueous fraction (AF) and pedunculagin from M. cauliflora seed, by micronucleus (MN) test and the comet assay in mice bone marrow cells. In order to analyze AF and pedunculagin activities prior to CP’s toxic effects, the animals were co-, pre- and post-treated with these substances. The results showed that AF at 24 h treatment did not show genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in the MN test and comet assay. However, AF showed cytotoxic action, but did not show genotoxic effect at 120 h treatment in the MN test. In the comet assay it was able to significantly reduce the frequency of DNA breaks when compared to the negative control. In the evaluation of the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects, it was observed that in all treatments, in both assays, AF and pedunculagin showed antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic activities, but in the post-treatment pedunculagin increased the cytotoxic effect of CP. In general, our results indicated that AF and pedunculagin were able to protect the mice bone marrow cells against DNA damage induced by CP in the MN test and comet assay. These findings indicated that AF and pedunculagin could be probable candidates for the development of new drugs.Item Biodiversidade de diatomáceas (bacillariophyta) em córregos conservados do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-24) França, Alline Alves; Oliveira, Bárbara Dunck; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4207020U4; Felisberto, Sirlene Aparecida; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4760916H6(Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) of pristine streams of Central Brazil). This study aimed to inventory the species of the genus Pinnularia present in pristine streams located in the cerrado biome (Midwest Brazil) between the years 2012 and 2013. The periphyton was collected in five streams in the savannah, in different substrates and seasons. Were identified 23 species, of which 17 are on the 1st occurrence of citations for the Midwest Region: P. angustivalva, P. butantanum, P. castraregina, P. divergens var. biconstricta, P. divergens var. mesoleptiformis, P. divergens var. protracta, P. gibba var. subundulata, P. meridiana var. meridiana, P. microstrauron var. rostrata, P. paulensis, P. persudetica var. persudetica, P. subgibba var. angustarea, P. subgibba var. capitada, P. superpaulensis, P. viridiformis var. minor and P. undula var. undula. Taxa that had a higher frequency of occurrence in the studied streams were P. subanglica, P. angustivalva, P. brauniana and P. butantanum.Item Biologia floral e sistema de autoincompatibilidade de Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (Fabaceae), no município de Goiás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-23) Almeida, Elga de Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904The plant reproductive biology involves all the features (morphological, anatomical or physiological) of a species that participate in the reproduction of its individuals. The Fabaceae family is one of the most important of the Cerrado, the genus Bauhinia being one of the most diversified. Several studies with species of Bauhinia L. showed diversity in floral shapes, reproductive phenology, reproductive system and interactions with different groups of pollinators. In general, the Bauhinia species are outcrossing and have low reproductive efficiency. Bauhinia brevipes is common in the municipality of Goiás-GO and has floral features compatible with the syndrome chiropterophily: white flowers that release a strong odour overnight, producing large amounts of nectar with low sugar concentration. Flowers of B. brevipes may have reduced ovaries or anthers with low production of viable pollen, indicating that this species moves towards sexual separation in some flowers. Although the visit the bats to flowers were not seen, their flights over the plants were observed. A test of exclusion of diurnal pollinators showed the efficiency of nocturnal pollinators in B. brevipes. The flowers of B. brevipes not have herkogamy as the main factor to avoid inbreeding, but some flowers positioned above the anthers stigma were observed. The species present gametophytic selfincompatibility and therefore requires the pollinators visit to ensure pollinating pollen exchange among different and unrelated plants. Bauhinia brevipes has an average 20% of reproductive efficiency. In general, the species showed a high level of pollen limitation (0.73). The largest fruit production occurs in the middle position of the inflorescence. Most of fruit produced occurs in the median position of the inflorescence, when possibly the availability of pollen in the system is higher and resources are available for their development.Item Biologia reprodutiva do maracujá brs pérola do cerrado: um estudo de caso com Passiflora setacea DC. Passifloraceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-23) Teixeira, Tamara Poliana de Oliveira; Silingardi, Helena Maura Torezan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2182008344375195; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder; Mello, Carlos deThe genus Passiflora includes several wild species that present the potential to be inserted in the market, Passiflora setacea is one of these. Therefore, the study of the reproductive biology of the same was carried out in the Cerrado area of Fazenda Vale do Tamanduá, in the municipality of Aragoiânia in the state of Goiás. In order to analyze the phenology, floral biology, determine the reproductive system, verify visitors And ensure that the flowers undergo predation and whether this fact interferes with the fruiting process. The cultivar blooms year-round, producing fruits with greater intensity in August. Its flowers have characteristics that include it in the chiropteraphilia syndrome, such as white flowers, high nectar production and nocturnal anthesis (18h). The nectar is available only one hour after the anthesis and its production ranged from 135 to 485 microlitres, with a concentration of 18 to 28%. Passiflora setacea is self incompatible, although its self-incompatibility index (0.26) shows compatibility, this value is very close to the autocompatible species (0.25), so the Kruskal-wallis test showed self-incompatibility for the species. The analysis of the fruits of the self-pollination and cross-treatments revealed that there are significant differences in relation to total weight, pulp yield, seed number, transverse and longitudinal length. In relation to the nocturnal floral visitors, Glossophaga soricina was considered the pollinator due to the presence of pollen grains in its coat and among the daytime floral visitors are bees, wasps, flies and birds. Apis melífera and Trigona spinipes were the most frequent species, presenting pillage behavior, these make illegitimate visits, stealing pollen from the flowers, including pre-anthesis buttons. The birds Eupetonema macroura, Coereba flaviola and the bee Xylocopa grisescens, despite not having frequent visits, were considered to be potential diurnal pollinators due to the fact of making legitimate visits, that is, they contact the reproductive structures during the collection of nectar. The flowers of Passiflora setacea were herbivory mainly by T. spinipes that degrade the hipant of the flower and consequently the nectariferous disk and Icterus jamacaii, that destroys every flower, including the reproductive structures. The results show that although these flowers are damaged, their fruits do not have statistical differences when compared to undamaged flowersItem Biologia reprodutiva do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) e influência das abelhas nativas na produção dos frutos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-16) Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Portes, Tomás de Aquino; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Pereira, Marlei Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani VillaronPollinators provide an essential service to the ecosystem and bring numerous benefits to society, through its role in the production of food in agriculture and the conservation of biological diversity. In tomato, anthers are poricidal, thus the release of pollen grains requires the presence of pollinators that vibrate these anthers. Thus, pollinators of tomatoes are actually bees that perform buzz pollination. Here, we observed aspects of floral biology, quantity and viability of pollen grains and ovules, and pollinators behavior and richness. To evaluate the effects of pollination in the amount of pollen on the stigmas, we selected 37 plants and bagged an inflorescence and let another available to pollinators. Each marked inflorescence had three stigmas removed the pollen grains on their surfaces were quantified. For comparison of fruit production, fruit development were followed in inflorescences bagged and not bagged for 40 days, and then the fruits were counted, weighed, measured, and had their seeds counted. The anthesis is at 6:30 am. The flower remains open until 6:00 pm, closing and reopening in the next day at the same time, lasting up to 73 hours. The greatest amount of pollen in the anther is in the early hours of the flower opening, with reduction and stabilization of the number of pollen grains around noon, coinciding with increased pollinator visitation. We found 25 species of bees in pollinating tomato crops. The abundance of bees coinciding with hours of availability and depletion of pollen suggests efficient removal of pollen from the anthers by the native bees The amount of pollen on the stigma of flowers available to pollinators was higher than on the stigma of bagged flowers. Fruit production was higher in open inflorescences than in bagged inflorescences. Native bees pollinate tomato flowers, increasing the pollen load on the stigma and fruit production.Item Características anatômicas da raiz de Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty submetida a esgoto sanitário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Carvalho Filho, Felipe João; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; Castro, Evaristo Mauro deThe vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is a plant of Asian origin used for production of perfumes (from an oil extracted from its roots), erosion control, restoration of degraded areas, crafts, phytoremediation, feeding animals and sewage treatment in areas where lack basic sanitation. This study evaluated the morphology and anatomy of the root of C. zizanioides submitted to the waste, in order to confirm the hypothesis that changes in their development due to different oxygen concentrations. The experiment was conducted at the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Samambaia, located on campus II of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). The station is divided into Pond 1 (facultative - 186 m length) and Pond 2 (maturation - 112,90 m in length), in which seven floats were distributed every 40 meters, a float remained in a box with potable water (control); each float three individuals were planted. Seven collections were taken during the six-month period every 28 days. The following measurements were taken: total length and outer diameter; the total cross sectional diameter (area), thickness of the epidermis, cortical thickness (total), thickness aerenchyma/parenchymal, thickness of endoderm, cylinder vascular diameter, diameter of the elements (metaxylem) and number of elements (metaxylem) in both proximal and distal regions. To characterize the anatomical crosssections in the proximal and distal roots were performed. The roots have a uniseriate epidermis; cortex sclerenchymatous ring, fundamental parenchyma, aerenchyma and endoderm; central cylinder unistratified pericycle, xylem and phloem and medullary region composed of parenchyma cells. There were differences in the development of aerenchyma, besides the increase in thickening of the cell walls of the cells sclerenchymatous ring, and endoderm vessel element; as well as the number of layers of the cortex and the number of vessel elements. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in eight of the ten variables. In Pond 1 (facultative) there is a high concentration of organic matter and low rate of dissolved oxygen, which directly affected the development of the roots, and from the 4th collection, the ancient roots senescence and new were formed, however, did not develop the proximal region due to unfavorable conditions. In pond 2 (maturity) there is a low concentration of organic matter and higher rate of dissolved oxygen, which allowed the development of both the distal region and the proximal, however, have not reached the development presented by the roots of control. The roots were affected development in their morphology and anatomy, however, does not have structural modifications. Vetiver grass can contribute in wastewater treatment process if individuals are placed at least 160 meters from the release of raw wastewater, distance at which the concentration of dissolved oxygen shall not interfere in the formation and development of roots.Item Características morfofisiológicas, produção e composição de óleo essencial em folhas de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd- Lamiaceae cultivada em diferentes níveis de sombreamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-26) Araújo, Laís Lima Nabuco; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9055607630353419MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN LEAVES OF Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd-LAMIACEAE CULTIVATED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SHADING. Tetradenia riparia ( Hochst ) Codd- Lamiaceae, popularly known as incense, is used for diseases like malaria, angina, gastroenteritis , headaches , bronchitis , among other diseases. Its essential oil contains approximately 200 components. The diterpenoids have antimicrobial, antispasmodic and antitricomonas activity. Considering the importance of light on plant growth and development the present study aims to evaluate morphological and physiological characteristics and production and composition of essential oil of Tetardenia riparia cultivated at different levels of shading. For this, seedlings were propagated by stem cuttings and grown in mini-greenhouses completely covered with black polyethylene screens produced to provide 30%, 50% and 80 % of levels shading and also grown under open sky. Leaves were evaluated after 150 days of treatment. The plants under open sky had greater foliar blade thickness. Shaded plants had higher leaf area. There were no significant differences in stomata and trichomes in the abaxial epidermis. The highest oil yield occurred in plants grown with 30 % and 50 % shading treatments. The major component of the essential oil, regardless of the treatment, was the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbon 14 - hydroxy -9 - epi - (E) - caryophyllene. Many chemical compounds of the essential oil alter its content according to treatments and other compounds were only observed at specific levels of shading. The total content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids was higher in 50% and 80% treatment shading. The levels of chlorophyll “b” and a / b ratio did not change in different treatments. The different treatments did not change values of ash. The lipid content was lower in the treatment of 80% and increased protein and nitrogen content in 50% and 80% treatment shading.Item Cayaponia silva manso (cucurbitaceae juss.), no estado de Goiás: uma abordagem morfológica e anatômica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-31) Cardoso Junior, Ilvan Martins; Rezende, Maria Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5093753722360659; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6477452328378345; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; Fraceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Lima, Luís Fernando PaivaCayaponia Silva Manso (Cucurbitaceae Juss.), In the State of Goiás: a morphological and anatomical approach - Cayaponia Silva Manso comprises about 60 species of which 47 occur in Brazil. Several studies have been carried out with species of this genus in view of the proven pharmacological potential for some taxa, mainly C. tayuya (Vell) Cogn., C. martiana (Cogn.) Cogn. In Goiás it was reported the existence of seven species that constitute two groups that are differentiated respectively by the habits and habitats where they are found, one formed by the species C. espelina (Silva Manso) Cogn., C. rugosa Gomes-Klein et Pirani and C. weddellii (Naudin) Cogn. And the other group comprising the species C. tayuya (Vell.) Cogn., C. citrullifolia (Griseb.) Cogn., C. diversifolia (Cogn.) Cogn. and C. podantha Cogn. Some studies have been carried out to solve complexes in other botanical families. Studies on the anatomy of vegetative and reproductive organs have presented results that contribute to a better circumscription for the species under study. In this work, morphological, taxonomic and anatomical studies were carried out with the objective of adding new information that allows a better delimitation and recognition of the studied species. A preliminary survey of information on Cayaponia species occurred in the State of Goiás. 41 expeditions were carried out in 42 municipalities. Specimens of 7 species were collected in the State of Goiás. For the morphological and taxonomic studies, the collected material was processed, herborized and identified according to the usual methodology. For the anatomical analysis part of the material was preserved fresh in a freezer at 10 ° C, another part fixed in alcohol70, in FAA70 or FPA70. In Chapter 1 the taxonomic treatment for the species occurring in Goiás was carried out. A key of identification, morphological and taxonomic description was presented, as well as illustrations of the species studied. In Chapter 2 the description of foliar architecture of the species under study was presented. Also in this chapter an identification key was developed for the species under study based on foliar architecture and venation patterns. Chapter 3 presents anatomical analyzes of petiole and leaf blade, scanning electron microscopy and histochemical tests that were used in the separation of taxa. Statistical tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied with the objective of performing a prospection of morpho-anatomic characters that support the groups delimited in previous chapters.Item Cianobactérias planctônicas do reservatório do ribeirão João Leite (Goiás) durante a fase de enchimento: florística e floração(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-21) Carmo, Elaine Jacob da Silva Carmo; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782283E3; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Gomes, Lenora Nunes Ludolf; Jardim, Fernando AntônioRibeirão Leite is considered as one of the main sources of public water supply for the city of Goiânia and its metropolitan region. The soil in the watershed is principally used for agro-pastoral activities that may favor the supply of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen for the water reservoir and consequently for the formation of blooms of microalgae and cyanobacteria. No floristic studies of cyanobacteria have been carried out for this reservoir, which is recently formed, however there has been pre-dominance of potentially toxic planktonic cyanobacteria during the filling of this reservoir, which reflects the limnological conditions of the Ribeirão Leite basin. The present study aims to identify and characterize the morphospecies of cyanobacteria and evaluate structure and dynamics of populations. The sample period comprised the date from January 2010 to January 2011, which was filling stage, with the collection of phytoplankton and limnologicals carried out twice a week until the first half of May 2010, and from this date, it was repeated weekly. Physicochemical and also qualitative and quantitative analyzes of phytoplankton were performed in water analysis laboratory of Saneago. Specimens of cyanobacteria were analyzed with microscopy “Zeiss Axiostar plus”, and micro-photographed with image capture system “Axiocam ERc5s” and also with imaging system “Axiovision”. The initial phase of filling of the reservoir demonstrated the greatest efficiency on rainy period of the year, nevertheless, the intermediate phase, which was on dry period, showed lower efficiency. The blooms were observed as characteristics of rainy periods of the year. In the first period, there was the dominance of Geitlerinema amphibium and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and in the second period, Aphanocapsa delicatissima was observed as dominant. It was monitored that during the filling phase, there was predominance of filamentous cyanobacteria and in the final phase, dominance was of the colonial organisms. The PCA indicated that the explanatory variables of the system were turbidity, total phosphorus and Secchi disk depth extinction coefficient (axis 1 to 31.7%). In Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), sampling units were influenced on the 1º axis by the dominance of G. amphibium at the stage of filling, when the turbidity was high and Secchi depth (axis 1 to 14.8%, p <0.05; environment correlation of species 0.806) was lower. The Detrended Correspondence Analysis confirmed the distribution of taxa among different climatic periods. For the state of Goiás, 28 taxa were mentioned for the first timeItem Delimitação de táxons do complexo Manihot pentaphylla Pohl (Euphorbiacae Juss.) com base em dados morfológicos e anatômicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-14) Azevedo, Elifalete Serafim; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; Meira, Renata Maria Strozi Alves; Ferreira, Heleno DiasManihot Mill belongs to Euphorbiaceae Juss. With more than 100 neotropical species, of which 65 were reported for the Brazilian Cerrado. The genus presents a complex taxonomy, still little studied, with taxa differentiated by subtle characters, constituting, therefore, complexes of difficult delimitation. One of these complexes is represented by Manihot pentaphylla Pohl, a species that currently circumscribes four subspecies: M. pentaphylla subsp. pentaphylla; M. pentaphylla subsp. tenuifolia; M. pentaphylla subsp. rigidula and M. pentaphylla subsp. graminifolia. These taxa were previously described as distinct species and later inserted at the subspecies level, however, these taxa, besides growing in a biome that has little known flora and that suffers constant devastation, present differences in morphological characters preserved and useful in the delimitation of taxa in the genus, such as: habit and growth orientation, conformation of bracts and bractolas and inflorescence, which means that knowledge of these species becomes necessary. Since anatomical studies have provided useful information on the taxonomic delimitation of species , the objective of this study was to provide anatomical data of the M. pentaphylla complex to support the delimitation of its infraspecific categories, and present a morphological approach, where the taxa are described and related. For this, botanical collections and morphological descriptions of the taxa were carried out, anatomical analysis under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope and histochemical tests. Transverse sections of the stem and leaf of the longitudinal taxa and taxa were obtained only from the stem and the petiole. The taxa showed significant anatomical differences of taxonomic value such as: contour and number of vascular bundles on the petiole, contour and number of vascular bundles of the central vein, type of mesophyll, epidermis formed by papillary cells, distribution and type of stomata and epicuticular wax pattern. The shape of the leaf blade (whether arched or straight) and the edge (revolute or non-revolute), presence of gelatinous fibers, presence/absence of cuticular streaks among others also provided valuable information to differentiate species. Morphologically, the taxa showed differences in habit and appearance, type of inflorescence, shape and integrity of bracts and bractoles, among others. Finally, based on the morphological and anatomical characters described and compared here, we believe that the studied taxa have satisfactory differences to raise them at the species level.Item Diatomáceas encionemoides e gonfonemoides (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyta) do estado de Goiás: flora geral e variabilidade morfológica e genética do complexo Gomphonema parvulum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-29) Benicio, Sarah Haysa Mota; Silva, Weliton José da; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4745159Y0; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782283E3; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Silva, Welinton José da; Menezes, Mariângela; Oliviera, Bárbara DunckBacillariophyta are unicellular microscopic algae, pseudofilamentosas or colonial, important constituents of phytoplankton and periphyton. Cymbellales presents similar individuals as the forms, shapes and adornments of frustules. Relations between representatives of Cymbellales order are still poorly understood and the diacritical features based on morphology have led to confusion in the constituency of the recorded species and difficult to identify in flora jobs worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the species occurrence Cymbellales encionemoides and gonfonemoides in aquatic environments in the state of Goiás. The results were divided into two articles: "Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Kurtkrammeria (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyta) in Brazil in the Midwest." 10 taxa were identified Cymbellaceae encionemoides including six at the species level; four did not have infrageneric identity recognized. Were identified 10 taxa Cymbellaceae encionemoides these six at the species level; four did not show infrageneric identity recognized by literature. The identified species, Encyonema rumrichae is a new citation to the state of Goiás and Encyonema sileciacum the most widely distributed taxon. The second article entitled "Morphological and genetic variability of representatives of the complex Gomphonema parvulum (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) in Brazil's Central region." The Gomphonema parvulum complex adds 27 taxa names of which only 12 are accepted taxonomically. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological variability and genetic G. parvulum and G. lagenula in natural samples and cultured from the representatives of the state of Goiás. The material was collected and isolated monoclonal cultures studied in light and electron microscopy and through the 18S marker V4 region. It was found that the distinction between complex G. parvulum taxa can be made safely only from molecular characters, as intraspecific variability is marked morphological and intersected with respect to interspecific variability. The analysis of the genetic marker sequences 18SV4 corroborates existence of cryptic species within the complex.Item Distilia em Faramea multiflora em um fragmento de floresta no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-28) Lopes, Danilo Luiz; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Coelho, Christiano Perez; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder NagaiDistillic species have both types of hercogamy, but in separate individuals, called pin (long-styled) and thrum (short-styled) morphs, characterizing reciprocal herkogamy. This type of floral polymorphism is usually accompanied by a system of heteromorphic self-incompatibility and dysthilic populations tend to have an equal proportion of morphs. The present work aimed to study reproductive biology and verify the pollen flow between the morphs of Faramea multiflora (L). Rich The work was carried out at Santa Cruz Municipal Natural Park in Catalão, southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Information was obtained on phenology, floral biology, floral morphometry, reciprocal hercogamy, isopletia, reproductive system, day and night floral visitors, floral morphometry of both morphs, pollen dimorphism, pollen production and pollen transfer. The population showed mass flowering in the rainy season. Both morphs showed daytime anthesis, but remain long-lived at night attracting night pollinators. The morphs showed reciprocal hercogamy only among the lower sexual whorls and only the height of the thrum morph stigma is not influenced by the size of the corolla. Both morphs showed self-compatibility, especially the thrum morph. F. multiflora flowers were visited by two main groups of pollinators, butterflies during the day and moths at night. Some characteristics appear to be associated with a generalist pollination system, such as the mass flowering pattern and floral longevity that attracts daytime and nighttime pollinators. In addition to the loss of reciprocity between the upper verticils, the study population also presented relaxation in the self-incompatibility system, which may have contributed to the deviation observed in isoplety. Both daytime and nighttime pollinators visited more flowers of the thrum morph, but apart from flower production, which was higher for the thrum morph, no other characteristic seems to explain this difference in the rate of visits. Dimorphism in pollen grain size was observed, with the thrum morph showing larger grains, however, there was no difference in pollen production between the morphs. Stigmas of the thrum morph received more pollen grains and when analyzed for grain quality, the thrum morph also received more legitimate grains while for illegitimate grains there was difference only when analyzing the separate treatments, again with the thrum morph receiving more grains. The pin morph showed a higher male function, while the thrum morph showed a higher female function. Even with pollen dimorphism, pollen production was the same for both morphs. What may be happening in the study population is a deviation in the reproductive fitness of the morphs, which may lead to the total loss of the self-incompatible morph, in this case the pin, and the population to become monomorphic thrum.Item Efeito do tamanho da área nativa na reprodução de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure, 1867 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-05) Oliveira, Grayce Kelly da Costa; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Antonini, YasmineFragmentation of native vegetation implies in reduction of local species richness and abundance, increase the isolation of populations, leading to local species extinction. In fragmented areas, food and nesting resources for bees and wasps are unevenly distributed, which ultimately influences their foraging pattern behaviour, reproductive success, and survivorship. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the size of areas of native vegetation remnants interferes with the reproductive success of a species of solitary wasp Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure (1867), a recognized species of pollinator. Therefore, we set trap nests in the edges of different sizes forest fragments in the region of Goianápolis-GO, Hidrolandia-GO and surrounding municipalities. In these preexisting cavities, we quantified the foundation rate, the average number of cells with larvae, the survival of larvae, and adults hatched and size. In this work, the foundation rate was higher in larger fragments. However, the average number of cells per nest, the survival rate of larvae, and the size of the hatched adults did not differ between large and small areas. These results show that the size of the fragments may have higher influence on survival and retention of adults than in larvae.Item Estudo ecotoxicológico em machos e fêmeas de Poecilia reticulata expostos a um efluente pesqueiro do município de Goiânia (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-18) Machado, Rafael Cosme; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; Rodriguez, Armando Garcia; Pires Júnior, Osmindo Rodrigues; Lee, Chen ChenThe toxicity of environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals and cyanotoxins has frequently been investigated for its biochemical, cellular and pathological aspects on animals and humans. Among heavy metals, copper is a chemical element that in trace concentrations is commonly found in natural and artificial lakes. The increase in the concentration of this metal in fishing ponds due to the use of algicides, such as CuSO4, or by leaching of the soil, is responsible for the intoxication of aquatic organisms, particularly fish, therefore representing a potential risk to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplanktonic composition, physicochemical characteristics and the main organic and inorganic contaminants of the water bodies, as well as to evaluate the acute toxicity of the crude effluent from the Jaó fishing pond using histological, ethological, genotoxic and enzymatic endpoints in Poecilia reticulata. Concentrations of Cu2+, phosphorus and nitrogen were higher than allowed by CONAMA resolutions 357 and 430, which, in synergy with other chemical contaminants in the mixture, caused acute toxicity to P. reticulata exposed during the dry season (EC50-96h of 60.48% for males and 85.08% for females) and for rainy (EC50-96h of 32.29% for males and of 49.50% for females). This study demonstrated that copper has a pronounced deposition on the hepatic parenchyma of males and females of P. reticulata. In the analysis of the medial portion of the small intestine, it was observed that the increase in mucin production is a physiological response to stress induced by copper, quantified in the fishing effluent, so that the same results were observed when the specimens were exposed to the average lethal concentration of 96 hours (CL50-96h) to Cu2+ (0.82 ± 0.17 mg.L-1 of CuSO4). It was also observed the genotoxic effect of the effluent from the dry and rainy season on the P. reticulata erythrocytes, so that the females had a higher sensitivity (p <0.05) to the copper contamination. In enzymatic assays, the activity of carboxylesterase (CarbE) was reduced (p <0.05) in females exposed to the rainy season effluent and no changes in the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were observed. Mitigating measures should be taken to reduce contamination by copper and macronutrients in the fishing pond studied, thus avoiding potential risks to the aquatic and human communities.Item Estudo taxonômico das espécies da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. ocorrentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-27) Leal, Iada Anderson Barbosa; Gomes-Klein, Vera Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6477452328378345Taxonomical study of species from the family Cucurbitaceae Juss. that occur on the Federal District (Distrito Federal), Brazil – The Cucurbitaceae Juss. family is numerous and widespread in its respective taxa, however, with conflicting data about the exact numbers regarding them. The present work is a survey of plants of this family found in the Federal District, Brazil, with the scope of refining the accuracy of such data. With this intention, some analysis of exsicates deposited in national and international herbaria were made and some expeditions were done at the area of study. Seven genera and fourteen native species were found in the researched area, as well as five genera and five species cultivated or subespontaneus. Related to native plants, the genus Cayaponia Silva Manso presented a greater number os species (5), followed by Melothria L. (3) and Psiguria Neck ex Arn. (2), being the genera Gurania Cogn., Melothrianthus Mart. Crov.; Sicyos L. and Wilbrandia Silva Manso are represented by only one specie for each one of those. Considering only the material deposited in herbaria, five species were found cultivated or subespontaneous: Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. and Momordica charantia L.Item Estudo taxonômico do gênero senecio sensu stricto (asteraceae-senecioneae) para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-24) Oliveira, Cellini Castro de; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Lombardi, Julio Antonio; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Noqueira, Ina de SouzaSenecio stricto sensu has about 1,000 species distributed predominantly in mountainous areas of the world. This genus is particularly diverse in South America, where are found about 500 species. In Brazil, Senecio s. s. is represented by 61 species distributed predominatly in damp or swampy fields altitude of the South and Southeastern regions. The taxonomy of Senecio s. s. species occurring in Brazil is unclear and need increments, since the most comprehensive studies of the Brazilian species are outdated, especially due to the addition of new taxa and du to changes in the circumscription of the genus. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the species of Senecio s. s. occurring in the Rio de Janeiro State of which was based on survey of literature, bimonthly collections and consultation of herbarium materials (BHCB, ESA, HB, NY, R, RB, SP, UFG and VIC). Were recorded fourteen species, two of them (S. bonariensis and S. juergensii) are new records for the state of Rio de Janeiro showing that floristic inventories in the state are still needed. A historical revision to the genus, a key to species occurring in Rio de Janeiro, as well as descriptions with taxonomic comments, geographic distribution and illustrations for them all are given.
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