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Item Adoção de tecnologia na pecuária leiteira e conservação ambiental: estudo de caso em propriedades rurais de Silvânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-23) Fernandes, Hayla da Silva; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Miziara, FaustoThe necessity to produce food should incorporate environmental protection, knowing that it´s the main responsible for occupation of land and native areas also causes important impacts at the landscape. Produce food to supply a world growing population brings the challenge of increase productivity of properties decreasing the impact per unit of feed produced. Cattle raising is the main responsible for anthropization in Brazilian biomes, and especially dairy activity are very important and present in most of Brazilian proprieties, characterized by a big range of diversity producer profiles, majority by pasture systems and big heterogeneity in the technology employment. The answers to challenges presented, in general way, imply in a standard of technology adoption who can articulate a better productivity and less environmental impact. Thus, this research looked for measure the relationship between the technology standard and environmental impacts in dairy properties at Silvânia, Goiás. Were worked the technology employee on that and conservation rates of vegetation local provided by Long Term Research Program (PELD) to generate the present work. In this research was verified that properties who utilized more technology impacted less the environment, measured by conservation indicators, besides be more productive, diluting the impact per milk litter produced. Therefor there is a strong and positive relationship between adoption of technology and less environmental impact. It is worth mentioning that properties who use artificial insemination also presents more productivity (milk production in relation with total number of animal at the farm) in comparison with farms non users. A bigger efficiency at utilization of productive resources in general way also are associated with less environmental impact.Item Ambientalismo de livre mercado e análise do discurso ambiental: o caso do Brasil Mata Viva(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-05) Godinho, Marcos Vinícius Ferreira de Almeida; Miziara, Fausto; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782255Y8; Miziara, Fausto; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Ferreira, Denise PaivaCapitalism and the environmental, for many, are seen as extreme opposites. One of the intentions in this work is to discuss how this conflict is developed and to show solutions for it, having the case of Brasil Mata Viva to represent the realized theoretical discussion. However, it is not central to this work to explore the conflict between capitalism and the environment, but to show a reality where both were put together harmonically. This work has two main theoretical focal points: free market environmentalism and environmental discourse analysis. Firstly, an exposé about free market environmentalism and its main concepts was made, paving the way the theory used to study Brasil Mata Viva. Secondly, the environmental discourse analysis is debated, and is shown its categories. Right after, an presentation of Brasil Mata Viva was realized, showing its history, actions and relations with society. Finally, the data obtained is discussed in the light of the methodologies given by the theories of free market capitalism and environmental discourse analysis where markets, relations with institutional public figures, community and the environment are central. The results show a contradictory combination, although successful, rooted by the studied context which challenges the theorized conceptions.Item Análise da fragilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Almas, GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-09) Vespucci, Ariel Godinho; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4592570099084884; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fasto; Bayer, Maximiliano; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonThe Das Almas River Basin (BHRA) is one of the main affluent from Serra da Mesa reservoir in northern Goiás, covering Central Goiano Mesoregion and part of Northwest, North and East regions in Goiás. There are 38 municipalities served by important infrastructure roads focused on national macroeconomics (Ferrovia Norte-Sul and BR-153), which are fundamental to the occupation history of this region. With growing process of transforming the Cerrado native vegetation into anthropic uses encouraged by public policies for agricultural and industrial development, the pressure on BHRA's natural resources has increased. This study proposes an analysis of BHRA's Environmental Fragility evolution (ROSS, 1994), which fragility degrees result from the interaction and interdependence of components in natural and socioeconomic systems. So, BHRA's environmental fragility evolution was analyzed by comparing the fragility maps of the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2018, produced by the cartographic data intersection of physical environment with those of land use and occupation in the corresponding years. The results indicate that biotic and socioeconomic factors dynamics are responsible for different forms of occupation of this region and the evolution of BHRA's environmental fragility, since the morphopedological characteristics do not change in analysis time scale. Throughout the study period, the remaining vegetation is concentrated in higher altitudes regions, with greater relief dissection, while anthropic use occurs in flatter areas, with better soils and less dissection. Over the years studied, the gains in strong and medium fragility areas followed the losses in Cerrado areas and pastures and agriculture gains in the first two decades. This link between Cerrado areas and environmental fragility in BHRA becomes more evident when, from 2005 to 2018, there is a Cerrado recovery (gain of areas) and areas of weak and very weak fragilities, simultaneously the loss pasture and medium fragility areas, accompanied by a drop in growth in strong and very strong fragility areas. The analysis of environmental fragility and the identification of environmental systems are important subsidies for environmental planning aiming sustainable development of the study area.Item Análise geoecológica como subsídio ao planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográficado rio Caldas-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-05) Sousa, Ana Caroline Rodrigues Cassiano de; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Silva, Edson Vicente daThe landscapes of hydrographic basins in Cerrado of Goiás are the target of many transformations, often due to agriculture and pasture exploitation and due to the lack of the use planning of natural resources, which can cause environmental impacts as vegetation fragmentation and erosions, which motivate integrated and interdisciplinary studies, as that utilized in the theoretical and methodological approach of Landscape Geoecology. The Hydrographic Basin of Caldas River (BHRC) presents multiple uses and its main river is indicated as the future watercourse for the public supply of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Therefore, this work aims to propose priority areas for environmental conservation of BHRC, to reduce the impacts of fragmentation and soil losses. The methodological procedures involved the surveying of the socio-environmental aspects; the cartography of Geoecological Unities (UGs) by superposition of hypsometry, slope, precipitation, geology, and pedology; the analysis of land occupation dynamics through MapBiomas 4.0 for the years of 1988, 2000 e 2018; the analysis of landscape metrics (CA, PLAND, NP, TCA, TCAI, TE e ENN-MN), validated by Principal Component Analysis; the mapping of erosion vulnerability, with weights and arithmetical standard between the themes; and the adoption of criteria to the proposition of priority areas: remanent areas since 1988, >100ha nearby APPs of water bodies, in UGs more significant and with patches more vulnerable to erosions. The BHRC was compartmentalized into six Relief Geoecological Unities (UGR), subdivided into 34 UGs, and pasture is the predominant class of use in the whole basin. In almost all the UGRs, parts of native vegetation were converted to agriculture and pasture, mainly in soft relief, the grassland area the most fragmented in size and isolation, followed by savannas and forestall, and central areas represents about 21%, 24%, and 45%, respectively; forest isolation and area reduction are considerable, in comparison to other regions of Cerrado. The medium erosion vulnerabilities are predominant since 2000 and the medium and high presents an increase mainly related to anthropogenic uses, which emphasizes the need for conservation to avoid and mitigate risks. Of the remanent fragments since 1988, 19 matched the adopted criteria and were suggested as priority areas to environmental conservation; is expected that this area would be used as aids in the conservation planning of biodiversity, hydric and edaphic protection in BHRC.Item Aplicação da dendrocronologia na identificação de processos erosivos e incêndios florestais nos parques estaduais Altamiro de Moura Pacheco e João Leite, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-15) Oliveira, Thaynnara Borges; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Chagas, Matheus PeresThe hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) represents to the Goiás State an important sourceof water, responsible for supplying more than 50% of the population of the state capital, Goiânia, and contain two important conservation units of the Cerrado Biome. The overall objective of this paper was to evaluate the chronological evolution and impacts on vegetation caused by laminar erosion processes and/or linear and by forest fires in State Parks Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) and João Leite (PEJoL). The methodological procedures consisted in a multi-integrated assessment for the catchment area and the areas of the parks, being held for the basin: (1) the lifting of the physical attributes of the basin, (2) the morphopedologic Compatments, (3) The analysis of the susceptibility to laminar erosion and (4) Mapping of erosion of the basin, and in the area of the parks (including buffer zone): (5) sieve analysis of soil; (6) Mapping of fire risk to vegetation; (7) historical analysis of the occupation of the land use between 1985 and 2017; (8) analysis dendrogeomorfology and dendropirocronologia. The results indicated the presence of four compartments morfopedológicos, two were characterized as fragile by physical attributes natural; it was identified high susceptibility to the occurrence of laminar erosion processes and linear, confirmed by mapping of more than 3,000 erosions on BHRJL, being that the more critical areas coincide with the area where are the Conservation Units, which historically coexist with predominant use of pastures. The textural analysis of soil showed high content of the sand fraction, mainly fine sand and coarse sand in the soil inside the remainder in both dispersion in NaOH as the dispersion in water. This tendency occurs both in the horizon of the surface and the underlying horizons due to the profound transformation of quartz-rich rocks and poor in primary minerals converted into clay, compatible with the litology aluminoso Gnaisse, Metagranito And Quatzito. vThe mapping of fire risk indicates that the southern and southeastern portion of the remainder as critical areas for the event of a fire. The analysis of dendrocronológica 17 tree individuals of Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) And Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicated a high potential of these species in the area with a series with good index of intercorrelação (Cedar = 0,642; COPAIBA = 0,702). The analysis of dendropirocronologia indicated that the most powerful fires occurred in the decade of 1990, as the dendrogeomorfologia was not possible to correlate the time series with events longshore because was not observed inside of the parks erosion processes or traces of sedimentation, excepting the ravine near the highway and the ravine in inner raceway. In a general way the forest remnant requires greater supervision especially in high-risk areas the forest fire. The area of the park is an area of great fragility and excessive pisoteamento care should be taken to avoid that these processes to settle, because, the containment of same in sandy soil is quite costly and laborious.Item Aplicação do modelo WEAP na avaliação de alocação de água do reservatório dos Pequenos Libombos, Moçambique(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-12) Notisso, Pedro Francisco; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Teixeira, Denílson; Cortes, Jussanã MilogranaThe issue of satisfying human and environmental water needs has been tackled in the water resources management and planning framework in the Africa Austral. Currently, the Umbeluzi river basin is Greater Maputo main source of water supply. This study was driven by uncertainties generated by difficulties in meeting future water needs. What can happen to water supply if the patterns of population growth, industrial growth and increase in irrigation areas change? This article aims at assessing the capacity of meeting water needs in the Greater Maputo area in Mozambique through application of WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System). WEAP is a model that allows simulation of water resource systems with multiple uses in an integrated manner. The case study is the Mozambican part of the Umbeluzi River basin. Four scenarios were simulated: the reference scenario which corresponds to the on-going exploitation; three impact scenarios: Lower Growth that represents lower values of growth of consumption sites, Trend that reflects average growth values of consumption sites and Greater Growth which corresponds to higher values of population growth, expansion of the agricultural and industrial area, between 2018 and 2040 and adaptation measure. The methodology included the estimation of affluences to the system obtained from the results of the Water Year Method. An assessment of the capacity to meet water needs was made using indicators such as coverage and supply guarantee. The results obtained show the system's inability to meet current and future needs. The system has an annual water supply guarantee of 70.9% and 63.5% in the Reference and Lower Growth scenarios, with more critical values of 42.1% and 31.7% in the Trend and Higher Growth scenarios. All scenarios have an average duration of each failure exceeding three months.Item Avaliação ambiental das bacias de captação de água no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-27) Dantas, Tiago Miranda; Ribeiro, Hugo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9999213878472864; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Arruda, Poliana NascimentoConsidering the assumption of limited natural resources, it is clear that preservation initiatives are essential for maintaining a balanced socio-environmental system. The change in land use over the past decades in the Cerrado biome shows an occupation focused on activities predominantly of agriculture and cattle ranching, with public and fiscal incentives, which guaranteed access to producers and large companies to new technologies and methods to make the biome, a world reference in the production of commodities. The expansion of the agricultural frontiers from the second half of the 20th century on, made the Goiás state a reference in agribusiness, which leveraged the regional economy. However, these occupation processes have directly affected many environmentally fragile areas, which can directly impact the natural resource base for all production processes, water. The Goiás state has 192 hydrographic basins for public supply in which their collection points are managed by SANEAGO, the sanitation company, which in recent years has been reporting recurrences of emergency situations in the water supply of municipalities in periods of drought, which directly affects the populations of the municipalities supplied. Thus, this study aimed to identify the change in land use and occupation in the water catchment areas of the state, correlating data on precipitation and factors that identify areas of environmental fragility. The results obtained showed that in the water supply watersheds of the Goiás municipalities there has been no change in rainfall intensities. However, the catchments located in the central-southern portion of the state of Goiás have their native vegetation cover impacted due to the occupation processes, which occurred without planning, enabling the increase of erosive processes, affecting the production of sediments, besides the water recharge. It is important that the Goiás state develops specific policies aimed at the sustainable use of water catchment areas, seeking the preservation of native vegetation in environmentally fragile areas of these watersheds, thus ensuring the water security of the municipalities.Item Avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica superficial no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-12) Honório, Michelle da Silva; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970 Nomes dos; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Bezerra, Nolan Ribeiro; Ferreira, Nilson ClementinoBased on the principle that water resources are limited and vulnerable, associated with the use by a growing population, industrial and agricultural expansion, management in an integrated manner is necessary, with the use of preventing damage and ensuring the use of quality water and quantity for the present and future society. The issuance of grants in the state of Goiás for the use of state-owned waters is under the responsibility of the Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, which describes in the Resolução n° 09, de 04 de maio de 2005 the conditions and criteria for effecting the authorizations. In this process, knowledge of water availability is paramount, but obtaining hydrological information directly is not always possible and, in many situations, tools are needed to assist in obtaining this information, such as flow regionalization. So, this study had as main objective to evaluate water availability in surface catchment basins for public supply in the state of Goiás, through the comparison between the traditional method of flow regionalization and the method used by the water resources management agency in Goiás Of the 195 surface catchment basins analyzed, it was found that 27.7% have flows granted that exceed the flow that can be granted and/or exceed the reference flow present in 95% of the time. It was concluded that these catchment basins for public supply are in critical situations and that the grants, granted in these places, exert an excessive pressure on the springs, since the withdrawal of water is greater than allowed. As much as water availability estimates have been carried out using flow regionalization, these areas can be considered as priorities for the planning and management of water resources and for implementing actions based, for example, on payment for environmental services.Item Avaliação de áreas de pastagens a partir de bibliotecas espectrais, dados lidar e imagens aéreas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-01-07) Mesquita, Vinícius Vieira; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; shorturl.at/iPSU1; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Tyrone, RherisonGrasslands are important environments for global food security as they are responsible for the production of meat and milk from ruminant animals. Unfortunately, the negative consequences of the expansion of pasture areas is the loss of biodiversity, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado where more than 23% of natural vegetation has been converted to pasture. Thus, it is necessary to look for solutions to maintain the growth of food production without deforestation focusing on the recovery of degraded areas and intensification of use in underused places. Through hyperspectral data collected in the field, aerophotogrammetric data obtained by RPAS and laser pulses emitted by airborne LiDAR sensor, this work aims to evaluate the use of these data in pastures under different management and different seasonality conditions. The experiment area is the Rio Vermelho Basin (BHRV). In this region we were collected spectral data over 17 months in five pasture areas of 500 x 500 meters to compose a spectrum-temporal library. RPAS data were also collected in 2019 and LiDAR in 2015 and 2018 along a 50 km by 200 meters transect. The library built from spectral data was able to represent variations related to seasonality and management of pasture areas. The LiDAR point clouds on pastures were able to produce canopy height information faithful to the landscape observed in the field. The results obtained with RPAS proved to be insufficient to reach the objective, requiring more experiments to be usable. The spectro-temporal library formed exclusively by data sampled at pasture and the use of data from LiDAR showed a remarkable ability to describe the landscape and its nuances. However, further studies are still needed to better understand the results and validate the techniques.Item Avaliação do risco à perda da qualidade ambiental do aquífero freático na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-20) Nogueira, Sérgio Henrique de Moura; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bayer, Maximiliano; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte GuimarãesAmong the impacts caused in nature by human society, urbanization is considered one of the most aggressive, and in many cases may be irreversible. In the last decades, the majority of the global population has been living in urbanized areas, generating megacities and metropolitan areas with high demographic density, where several activities have intensified and can threat the environment as a whole, including aquifers. The loss of the environmental quality of groundwater is a common problem in Brazilian urban centers. Studies that approaches the spatialisation of impacts from exposure to pollutant loads of different natures, are important instruments for directing actions aimed at the conservation of water resources in these large urban centers. In this study, a map of water table's depth was elaborated from the processing of multiple variables. Then, an environmental vulnerability assessment was elaborated, and from the categorization of the land use, it was possible to obtain a classification map of the general risk of loss of the environmental quality of the groundwater of the metropolitan region of Goiânia. The resulting map shows the places where the risks are high and very high, coinciding with the urbanized areas, explained by the intensity of activities that threaten the natural resource. In the non-urbanized areas there are places of moderate risk, explained by the establishment of agricultural and livestock activities where the water table is near the surface.Item Conformidade entre dados biofísicos orbitais e terrestres para o zoneamento agroclimático, identificação espaço-temporal de tendências de precipitação e suas relações com uso e cobertura da terra no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-10) Bettiol, Giovana Maranhão; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Luiz, Gislaine CristinaContext The Cerrado biome plays a prominent role in Brazilian and global agricultural production, where approximately 50% of the national agricultural production and 30% of the country's gross agricultural income are in this biome. The Climatic Risk Agricultural Zoning (ZARC) arises as an important instrument of the Brazilian agricultural policy by indicating more favorable dates of crop planting on a municipal scale. The improvement of the methodology used in ZARC is of paramount importance and should be carried out continuously. Altitude and temperature are important agricultural conditions, with altitude being one of the factors used for the calculation of temperature by utilizing regression equations. As for the precipitation data, they are factored in the modeling of the water balance of different agricultural crops in ZARC. Goals In this context, the current study aims to analyze the conformity/accuracy between the altitude and precipitation data obtained from terrestrial reference stations and estimated by orbital sensors, and to identify trends of increase or decrease of precipitation in the Cerrado biome, itemized by classes of land use and land cover. Materials and methods The digital elevation models (MDEs) analyzed were NASADEM_HGT from NASA and ALOSAW3D30 version 3.1 from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), both with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. These models were evaluated according to the parameters recommended in the Cartographic Accuracy of Digital Cartographic Products Standard (PEC-PCD), which defines tolerances according to the evaluation scale and classes (A, B, C, or D). NASA's IMERG Final Run Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, available every half hour, were compared with the hourly measurements of 215 automatic surface weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) of the Cerrado biome in the 2017-2019 period. In addition, considering the period from 2000 to 2019, areas of precipitation tendency were identified in the biome and compared to the predominant classes of land use and land cover, obtained by the MapBiomas project. Results Considering class A of the PEC-PCD, MDE NASADEM_HGT was compatible with 1:250,000 scales and smaller, while MDE ALOS AW3D30 reached scales of 1:100,000 and smaller. When compared to each other, the models provide close and similar altitude measurements and may be used in ZARC. There was great conformity between GPM precipitation data and data from automatic weather stations, notably for months of the dry season (May to September), especially June, which showed the best performance (0.89), high agreement (0.96), and very strong positive correlation (0.93). All the evaluation indices that were considered, that is, detection probability, false alarm rate, critical success rate, and correct percentage, demonstrated a high ability to detect rain via orbital data. For the 2000 - 2019 period, it was possible to notice that the dry season in the biome is being intensified. Approximately 20% of the Cerrado that is covered with native vegetation showed a trend of statistically significant reduction of precipitation of -2.58 mm/month and -2.55 mm/month in 12% of the total area of Cerrado with anthropic cover. The areas that presented significant positive precipitation trends occupied 5% of the Cerrado (around 5 mm/month of increase). Final considerations The results of this study showed that the MDEs and the GPM data have great potential to be incorporated into the ZARC methodology, especially to complement the historical series of data from surface rainfall stations. More in-depth studies need to be conducted to analyze the trend of increase or decrease in precipitation with possible relations with changes in the land use and land cover of the biome.Item Degradação de fenol por bactérias de dois biomas brasileiros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-14) Almeida-Rotta, Anna Paula Santos; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Souza, Keili Maria Cardoso deIn recent decades, the growth of industrial activity and agriculture has been responsible for environmental contamination due to the presence of organic and inorganic substances. Phenol and its derivatives are an important class of environmental contaminants by their presence in many industrial effluents. The seeking of biological alternatives to mitigate the environmental pollution has motivated researches to find microorganisms that combine the capacity to degrade phenol with a sustainable focus. Therefore, bacteras capable of degrading xenobiotics are been used in soil, sediment and water treatment. This study has aimed to evaluate the biodegradation of phenol by bacterial isolates isolated from two Brazilian biomes (Cerrado Goiano and Mangrove of Guarapary, ES), whereupon the influence of pre-adaptation of the bacteria was checked, as well as the effects of growth parameters in different concentrations and the tolerance to this chemical compound. One isolated from Cerrado was identified as Staphylococcus aureus (BF 2.5), and the other one as a gram-positive rod (\BF 2.3.2), and the mangrove bacteria were identified as Bacillus circulans (MF-2) and Bacillus sp. (MF-1). All of the isolates consumed phenol in the approximated of 500mg.L-1 when cultivated in liquid Busnell-Hass (BH) medium and 1.500mg.L-1 in Nutrient Agar medium (NA). The consumption of phenol as carbon source by BF-2.5 isolated was 2,78; 4;79 and 0,35% for concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg.L-1 of phenol, respectively. The isolated BF-2.3.2 results were 11, 04; 19,13 and 16,02%, respectively. For the mangrove isolated the results were 22,43; 11,52 and 3.33% to 21,54; 20;54 and 28.85% for the MF-1 and MF-2 isolates, respectively in the same phenol concentrations tested. These results suggest a higher phenol consumption capacity of MF-2 isolated from mangrove.Item Dendrogeomorfologia, erosão hídrica e uso do solo em uma área urbana do município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Nicolau, Ricardo de Faria; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Chagas, Matheus Peres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6833790612735262; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Momoli, Renata Santos; Chagas, Matheus Peres; Bovi, Renata Cristina; Silva, Marcos José dasoils, especially when it is inserted in urban environments. However, methods that have enough longevity to distinguish natural and accelerated erosion events are still poorly explored in the literature. In this context, dendrogeomorphology is an important methodology to date and estimate the magnitude of erosion and sedimentation processes, with high spatiotemporal precision. In this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the intensity of the erosive processes in the Botanical Garden Amália Hermano Teixeira (JBAHT), using dendrogeomorphological indicators of the exposed roots wood and the rates of soil loss and annual sedimentation. The methodological procedures consisted of carrying out analyzes of the historical influence of use and occupation of the surrounding soils, the analysis of urban drainage and the texture and fertility of the soils. To determine the anthropic influence on the growth of individuals in the forest fragment of the Botanical Garden, two species were chosen, Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Schefflera morototoni. The analysis of the history of land occupation and use revealed intense changes in soil waterproofing from 1988 to 1992 and the analysis of the efficiency of the urban microgeneration system was characterized, predominantly as compromised, which allowed to infer association with the high rates of movement of land. soils in the forest fragment. The dendrochronological results indicated that the studied species showed high sensitivity to the external environment and formation of annual growth rings. Dendrogeomorphological analyzes revealed that the highest vertical rates of soil loss range from 7 to 500 millimeters per year, while horizontal losses are 110 to 665 millimeters. Sedimentation rates were 6.4 to 18.6 millimeters per year and the dates of root exposures are more frequent in the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013. The chronological comparison of the probable years of occurrence of water erosion by the roots exposed with the intense and erosive rains determined that the dates of occurrence of the erosive processes occurred in the years 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2016. The individual erosive rains with more than 10 millimeters in interval of 15 minutes, correlated with the number of evidence of erosion, recorded by the exposed roots wood, showed a significant correlation with a 90% confidence level. Meanwhile, the erosive rainfall defined for tropical regions, greater than 25 mm.h-1, showed a relatively high correlation of 70%. Considering this, intense and erosive rains can have significant importance in carrying soil. As well as the texture of the soils that presented high sand content, above 50% in 65% of the samples. The analysis of soil fertility for the element Potassium (K +) showed values from 2 to 27 times above the normal level. These results indicate that the high levels of Potassium (K +) may be due to urbanization by transport through rainwater pipes or by disposal of chemical waste. It is concluded that, the anthropic waterproofing alterations, the high gradient of the relief associated with the frequent occurrence of intense rains may be affecting the appearance of the erosive processes. Soil water erosion affected the growth of the trees, such as, for example, the greater growth of the sampling groups of trees with exposed roots and buried in relation to the group of trees without changes in soil level.Item Desafios no processo de obtenção da segurança hídrica frente a aplicação dos instrumentos de gestão da água(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-16) Ribeiro, Rodrigo Zanelati; Teixeira, Denilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5697570214519476; Teixeira, Denilson; Bayer, Maximiliano; Barbosa, Domingos SávioThe increased demand for water has aggravated conflicts between different users and about half of the world's population lives in areas of potential water scarcity, for at least one month a year, a percentage that could worsen until 2050. These two pieces of evidence point to dimension of the water crisis on a world scale. The extensive literature on the subject highlights that this crisis is more related to management than to the availability of the resource. In this sense, there are gaps in the understanding and applicability of instruments responsible for supporting the Integrated Water Resources Management process, as well as their importance for Water Security. In this context, the main research’s objective is to characterize the current scenario of Water Security, in an interstate hydrographic basin, as well as the weaknesses of the legal instruments involved in this process. To this end, a risk mapping was drawn up showing the weak points in terms of water security, based on water consumption data, land use and occupation, and water availability in the basin. The study was carried out in the hydrographic basin of the Paranaíba River, due to its socioeconomic importance for the central west region of Brazil. It presents, as main conclusions, the need for the effective application of the management instruments of Law nº 9,433 of 1997, in addition to demonstrating the high risks to water security in regions upstream of large urban centers and, mainly, in regions close to the source of the river Paranaíba. The results found reflect a national reality.Item Detecção automática de desmatamentos no bioma cerrado: desafios para o monitoramento sistemático(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-13) Faria, Adriano Silva de; Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8681719274269970; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Silva, Elaine Barbosa daThe Cerrado biome has about 30% or 12,070 of the flora species cataloged in Brazil. Accelerated occupation and loss of biodiversity have made the Cerrado one of the 34 hotspots in the world. With a high index of endemism, about 30% (645) of the species that make up the list with some level of threat of extinction in Brazil are located in the Cerrado. The biome still has a remarkable climatic seasonality, with dry and rainy season. The replacement of Cerrado vegetation for anthropic uses intensified in the 1970s, basically for agricultural uses. Studies on climate change point to deforestation as one of the causes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, motivating the government to create programs to monitor the coverage and use of land and removal of natural vegetation. Mappings indicate a reduction of vegetation of the Cerrado in 6% in the 11-year interval (PROBIO in 2002 with 60.5% and Cerrado TerraClass in 2013 with 54.5%). In this way, it makes necessary the annual monitoring, financing the actions of conservation for the biome. In order to understand the detection in the Cerrado conversion and to obtain information in a short time, it was decided to use the Integrated System of Deforestation Alerts (ISDA), since it is the only annual monitoring of the biome and has a low cost in relation to the others existing. SIAD was developed in Lapig and has provided conversion rates since 2003. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the potential and the limitations of detection of deforestation in the Cerrado using satellite images of moderate resolution and analysis of time series with reference to the SIAD. The efficiency of the reference map (i.e. PROBIO and TerraClass) was evaluated in relation to the amount of false deforestation generated. We attempted to understand the variation in the number of alerts generated as a function of rainfall seasonality from MODIS collections 5 and 6 (product MOD13Q1) and to analyze the seasonal behavior of deforestation alerts from 2015-2016 using the BFAST algorithm. Thus, the SIAD generated 101,902 deforestation alerts for 2015-2016 using the Cerrado TerraClass mapping and MODIS collection 6, of which 3% (3,185) were classified as deforestation by the visual inspection method. It was verified that the Cerrado TerraClass reference map generates less false deforestation than the PROBIO, and that, the collection 6 presents greater sensitivity of change in the vegetation in relation to the collection 5, contributing to the increase of false deforestation. The seasonality of precipitation is directly related to the number of alerts generated. However, the BFAST algorithm was effective in filtering the false positives, not presenting breaks in 16% of the alerts generated for 2015-2016, with 99% agreement with the visual inspection.Item Dinâmica da estrutura da paisagem na microrregião do Vão do Paranã (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-16) Ponciano, Tássia Andrielle; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonThe region of Vão do Paranã, inserted in the northeast (2000), is one of the three main centers of endemism in the Cerrado and goes through a process of fragmentation, which determines the ratings of potential and environmental vulnerabilities to promote appropriate policies of occupation. The study proposed here has as reference the integrated analysis of the landscape using the morphopedological compartments, to evaluate the dynamics of landscape structure in the microregion of Vão do Paranã. The methodology was based on the interpretation of Landsat images for temporal analysis (1984-2015) the use and soil coverage, with analysis of landscape structure through metrics and evaluation of morphopedological compartments. The results indicate that the characteristics associated morphopedological compartments the dynamics of occupation of the region respond by different forms of occupation of this area and the way it is structured the landscape in the region. Along the evolution of the use, the remaining vegetation concentrated in the eastern portion, coinciding with areas of emphasis more bustling, where currently the UC's; in the western portion, where the areas are more flat, there is a higher concentration of anthropic uses and high levels of fragmentation of the landscape. Although the agricultural expansion process has not yet strengthened in the region, the remaining areas were converted to 8.44% in anthropic areas, the pasture aptitude is present, however the agricultural areas have been growing exponentially in all compartments. The compartments favored, by relief, for anthropic occupation correspond to CMP I and III. The other compartments are indicated for the maintenance of environmental conservation.Item Dinâmicas demográficas e impactos ambientais nas regiões de fronteiras de ocupação amazônica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-18) Guedes, Franciely Jesus; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Sousa, Cleunice Borges de; Ferreira, Nilson ClementinoThis work seeks to understand how demographic dynamics and changes in land use and land occupation patterns are related to deforestation in the frontier regions of the Deforestation Arc in the Amazon. Analysis include temporal and spatial scale and have been conducted both within the general region and at the level of municipalities. Initially, we used descriptive techniques to characterize the different phases of land use and land occupation frontier. Then, a more detailed analysis is performed to identify the variables that are more related to deforestation in the region through regression models. Among the evaluated variables, the total pasture area is the one that best explains deforestation. Demographic variables are not good predictors but, together with social variables, they work well as indicators of the stage of the frontier. This is because changes in land use patterns have been shown to be more strongly linked to the increase in deforestation than, indeed, to population mobility.Item Disponibilidade hídrica superficial e subterrânea em assentamentos em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-31) Costa, Isabella Almeida; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Basso, Raviel Eurico; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro MartinsDue to the numerous cases of population supply problems due to low water availability, this subject has become one of the references for the management of water. The lack of studies directed at settlement communities makes this management difficult and the reality of the families is unknown. In order to determine the consumption and availability of surface and underground water and the respective specific flow rates in settlements in the state of Goiás, settled communities from the Regional Superintendence 04 of the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) were selected. The aquifers and study basins were identified according to the location of 62 communities. Through data analysis and methodological application it was possible to obtain estimates of water availability for each community, using the parameters of reference flow rate in 95% of the time (Q95) and exploitable volumes of groundwater and deep aquifers, thus making it possible to calculate the specific flow rates for each resource analyzed. The demands for consumption and for the development of activities were stipulated in order to establish correlation with the results found. It was observed that with regard to surface resources the demands can be met in 64.52% of the settlements, as for the underground resources this index remained at 100% for deep aquifers and 80% for groundwater aquifers. This demonstrates the importance of knowledge regarding the use of resources for the supply of each family and that allows each of these communities to understand the water situation and promote the management of these water resources.Item Disputa pela terra em Moçambique - caso do distrito de Marracuene(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-29) Yung, Telma Leo; Salomão, Alda Isabel Anibal; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Campos, Ricardo Luiz Sapia deThe research was carried out within the scope of the Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, with the aim of investigating land access and tenure in the Marracuene District, Mozambique. The main focus is to identify the main factors that cause land disputes in the study area, with an emphasis on the point of view of traditional producers. The increase in the demand for land in the district is driven by several factors, such as the geographical proximity to Maputo city, the "Maputo Ring Road", the Bridge over the Incomati River that connects Macaneta and the holding of the "Maputo International Fair - FACIM". In addition, the purpose of housing and investments in sectors such as trade, agriculture and tourism also contribute to the pressure on land. The combination of these factors contributes to an increase in demand for land in the district, generating pressure on land, boosting the economic, social and environmental development of the region. To investigate this, the study adopted mixed research procedure techniques, relying on field observations, questionnaires and interviews. Based on data collected in the field and information provided by the Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infra - Estruturas (SDPI), we identified four communities facing disputes over land, involving different actors, being: (1) Marracuene Vista Company, Traditional Leaders and the neighborhood Mapulango; (2) Community of Eduardo Mondlane I and Regulus Magaia; (3) Guava Peasant Association and the Korean Mission; (4) Community of the neighborhood of Zintava and Sr. Milton Torre de Vale and Fundo para o Fomento e Habitação (F.F.H). To resolve these disputes, the parties involved are invited to participate in conciliation processes, mediated by the Land Chiefs, with the assistance of the Regulus. In some cases, the block chief and Neighborhood Secretary may also be involved, depending on the nature of the conflict or dispute. In situations considered difficult to resolve, cases related to land disputes in Marracuene can be referred to higher instances, such as the 2nd and 1st levels, including at the locality level, the Administrative Post and, finally, the District Administration. The Dispute Resolution Committee, present at the SDPI (Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infra- Estruturas), also plays an important role in the mediation and arbitration process. These higher authorities are called upon to seek more comprehensive and complex solutions, in order to achieve a fair and adequate resolution to land disputes or conflicts. The district of Marracuene is going through a period of expansion marked by the transition from an agrarian base to latent urban growth, dissociated from the industrialization process. This transition highlights urbanization associated with commercialization, reflected in the increase in land prices and the boost in the tourism sector. However, this process has been accompanied by the destruction of agrarian and peasant life, resulting in a totalizing social dynamic of urban society and the perception among interviewees reveals concerns about the loss of agricultural land, resettlement without adequate compensation and corruption in the bodies of dispute resolution. With all this, these interests often trigger territorial disputes and environmental degradation. The necessary approach must reconcile socioeconomic development with environmental preservation and social justice, requiring the effective implementation of public policies and the protection of the rights of local communities to ensure fair and sustainable land management.Item Educação ambiental em parques urbanos da cidade de Goiânia/GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-31) Silva, Ariana Cárita de Assis Marinho; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4995825091971711; Echeverría, Agustina Rosa; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Santos, Oyana Rodrigues dosThe established environmental crisis demands efforts for a change on the relationship that humanity set with the nature. The environmental education, in its critical dimension, is capable of forming subject citizens with planetary awareness to intervene in the socio-environmental issues. In this way, the non-formal educational practices in parks, for example, show a high potential to further the citizen experience that accesses a large public, independent on age or social class. In the city of Goiânia/GO the environmental issue is massively approached both in the speech of leaders as the policies that regulate the actions of the Public Authorities. This city has a great potential for development of environmental education process in Protected Areas, since the number of areas of conservationist interest is high, according to the municipal management. In that light, this research aimed to analyze the Environmental Education in Goiânia Protected Areas, assessing the environmental speech of Goiânia’s administration and public policies if this materialize in Environmental Education actions in goianienses municipal Protected Areas, analyzing aspects of conceptions and perceptions of the persons connected the parks that interfere in the Environmental Education process and, finally, identify the structural design guiding this non-formal Environmental Education in a non-school context. Through an analysis, mainly qualitative, questionnaires and interviews were applied to managers and community bound seven parks in many different Goiânia’s regions, beyond as analysis of the law and speeches of municipal management. Although municipal laws present bases of a critical environmental education and committed to social change, conceptions of frequenter community and managers of parks were shown adjusted to the ideas disseminated by the government of an education directed for awareness and individual behavior change, to overcome environmental problems. Besides, the educational practices developed in the areas do not meet the visiting public as a whole and are reduced as the distance from the park towards downtown, revealing the social and special segregation and the inconsistency of the homogeneous views. In this perspective, environmental education in urban parks of Goiania is fundamentally supported by the current Conservative, lacking a comprehensive structuring the entire capital and requiring the consolidation of existing public policies.