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Item Acúmulo de nutrientes em soja transgênica no Cerrado goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-27) GONÇALVES, Janine Mesquita; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; SOUZA, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123The soybean is grown and consumed throughout the world. Brazilian production is concentrated mainly in the Mid-South. However, few studies on the accumulation of nutrients are made for improving the efficiency of production processes. We talk about the best fertilizer and sophisticated defensive, but if the plant does not respond well to all these stimuli do not result in profits for producers and more food for the population. The advent of transgenic cultivars reduced production costs, but the accumulation of nutrients in these plants is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of nutrients in conventional and transgenic cultivars subjected to the same conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute Goiano - Urutaí Campus, from 12 November 2010 to 15 April 2011. We collected whole soybean plants at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after planting. The plants were taken to the laboratory washed in tap water and divided into stems, leaves, flowers and pods, passed in distilled water, dried in a forced air at 70 ° C and ground in Willey type mill. We analyzed the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, means and regression testing. It was concluded that the greatest accumulation of biomass and thus nutrient does not guarantee high yields in soybean.Item Adubação orgânica e mineral na introdução do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica l.) em sistema agroflorestal: atributos químicos do solo e desempenho agronômico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-26) Moreira, Ranieri Ramadham Lino de Souza; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Silva, Átila Reis da; Brasil, Eliana Paula FernandesShaded cultivation of coffee (Coffea sp.) is a common practice from its center of origin, being currently used to add value to agroforestry systems, with slow maturation and selective harvesting of grains, shading can provide a better quality drink. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different sources of fertilizers, of organic and mineral nature, on the chemical attributes of the soil, in addition to monitoring the initial development of coffee cultureintercropped with banana (Musa sp.) and baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata ), into na agroforestry in the cerrado of Goiás. The work was carried out at the agronomy school of the Federal University of Goiás, located in Goiânia, Goiás, in a LATOSSOLO VERMELHO acriférrico típico. The experimental design was a randomized block, with 5 blocks and 5 treatments, with the control without maintenance fertilizer, an organic compound of its own formulation, cattle manure, chicken litter and commercial phosphate mineral fertilizer. The Arabica variety, cultivar MGS Paraiso 2, was used, and the soil was corrected and fertilized in a pit, with chemical analyzes of the soil before and at the end of the experiment. The following coffee development analyzes were performed: height, stem diameter, number of branches and evaluation with a chlorophyll meter. Plant height, fruit production and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in baru trees and the circumference of the pseudostem in banana plants. There was no significant difference between treatments for height, stem diameter and chlorophyll for coffee plants. The control treatment did not meet the demand for the number of branches criterion, which is directly linked to coffee productivity. The baruzeiro and banana trees were indifferent to the handling carried out on the coffee trees. The initial development of coffee was not hindered by a system intercropped and shaded, and also did not respond to organic fertilization during the study period.Item Adubação potássica via solo e foliar na produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-15) FREITAS, Roberto José de; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937Cotton as a crop in Brazil has undergone significant changes in production technology and geographical location in recent years. Cultivation has shifted from traditional producing zones in the southeast of Brazil and the south region of the State of Goiás to the cerrados of the country's central-western region and the western part of Bahia. These technological changes were triggered by the adoption of exotic cultivars (American and Australian), with higher yield potential, better fiber quality, but also greater nutritional requirements. During this process, more demanding cultivars were consequently adopted, concurrently with the occupation of soils of lower natural fertility. During this period, a productivity increase in excess of 100% was verified. The conjunction of these factors has disorganized the fertilization recommendation practices adopted for this crop, since they were no longer adequately supported by the existing calibrations, generated under different soil conditions and at a different technological level. The use of fertilizers was then greatly intensified, in a most disorderly manner. Within this context, potassium was the nutrient whose use increased the most, due to the specific characteristics of this nutrient on the plant's metabolism and to its high degree of absorption by cotton plants. The potassium fertilization of cotton in the cerrados has therefore been performed in the various producing areas with great variation in rates and application modes, from total applications in the soil at pre-planting, to split applications in the soil, to supplementary foliar applications, still without the proper support from current experimental results. In this work, we evaluated the effect of combined soil and foliar applications of potassium on the productivity and quality of ginned cotton, under the cerrado conditions of the State of Goiás, by the installation of two experiments, combining different potassium rates in both application modes, organized in random blocks with split-plots. One assay was installed in Ipameri, with the application of five treatments to the soil (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 K2O ha-1) combined with four foliar treatments ( 0; 7.2; 14.4; and 21.6 kg K2O ha-1). Another assay was installed in Santa Helena de Goiás, in which four potassium levels were evaluated in the soil (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg K2O ha-1), combined with foliar rates similar to those used in the Ipameri assay. Significant productivity gains were observed for the soil applications in both assays, and for the foliar applications in the Ipameri assay. No interactions were observed between application modes. Also, no significant potassium fertilization effects were observed on the technological quality of the fiber.Item Análise da tendência de chuva entre 1949 e 2019 em Goiânia, GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-24) Silva, Ayramanna Carlos Souza da; Battisti, Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Pilau, Felipe GustavoWeather variability influences the behavior of the population and many sectors of the economy. Anthropic actions directly affect global warming and, consequently, intensify the hydrological cycle, triggering a sequence of adverse effects such as increasing air temperature and changing precipitation in different regions. The analysis of the trend of historical precipitation allows determining the occurrence of local climate changes, enabling the evaluation of their consequences on hydrographic basins and, consequently, on society being a tool to solve problems of interest to engineering, such as surface runoff control and urban drainage, in addition to agricultural problems, such as crop management and mitigation systems. Climatic variability can also be caused by macroscale phenomena, such as ENSO. So, the objective of this work was to carry out the quantitative analysis and the trend of the historical series of rain from 1949 to 2019 in Goiânia, GO, on an annual, monthly and quarterly scale, through descriptive statistics and the Mann-Kendall test counting the occurrence of dry, rainy days and precipitated volumes and observing the occurrence, intensity and its relationship with ENSO. The pluviometric data were obtained on the Hidroweb database and a preliminary analysis was performed, filling in the missing data. The series was organized on the study and consistency scales, in which trends, averages and statistical tests were analyzed. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) of the period was obtained and the years were classified according to the occurrence, intensity and duration of the ENSO and the ONI response delay ratio in the rain intensity was determined. There was a large annual variation in the distribution of rainfall in the region, with a maximum of 2,049 mm (1982) and a minimum of 1,037 mm (1949), with a climatological average of 1,558 mm. Mann-Kendall indicated a tendency of increased rainfall of 2.31 mm year-1. In the monthly analysis, March and April showed a tendency of increasing rainfall of 2.48 and 1.87 mm month-1, respectively, from 1949 to 2019. In the quarterly analysis, the January-February-March (JFM) and April-May-June (AMJ) quarters showed a trend of increasing rainfall of 1.93 and 1.87 mm month-1, respectively. The city of Goiânia (GO) presented an average of 228 days without the occurrence of rains per year, which corresponded to 62% of the year, as for the daily volume of rain there were 200 occasions of precipitation above 60 mm day-1. When comparing the volume of rain with the ONI of the seasons of the same period and previous periods, a weak correlation was observed. Thus, there is a tendency of increasing rainfall in the annual accumulated. However, no correlation was found between the volume of rain and the occurrence of ENSO phenomena.Item Análises da resistência genética à tospovirus e potyvirus em acessos de Solanum (secção lycopersicon)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Oliveira, Renata Maria de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2503998782869167; Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Pereira; Novaes, Evandro; Dianese, Érico de CamposTomato is one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide, and this is an important factor in their vulnerability to attack by pests and diseases, which contribute to the decrease in production and affects the quality of the fruit. Among diseases affecting tomato production, the ones caused by viruses are of the utmost importance, which are more difficult to control, highlighting those caused by species of the genus Tospovirus, which can cause losses of up to 100 %. The tospoviruses are responsible for the disease known as 'tomato spotted wilt' and are transmitted by thrips. In Brazil, four species of tospoviruses occur in tomato: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV), with a greater incidence of GRSV. The first TSWV resistance gene identified was the Sw-5, which is effective against all species of tospoviruses infecting tomato and is widely used in breeding programs for this reason, because the resistance gene presents a dominant trait. Sources of resistance were found in other wild accessions of the species S. chilense, S. habrochaites, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri and S. lycopersicum, showing promising results as sources of resistance for use in breeding programs. To identify a source of tospovirus resistance in wild accessions of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças, and to perform the evolutionary analysis of the Sw-5 gene through the phylogeny of wild accessions, grouping them into evolutionary groups, this work was realized. The wild accessions of S. chilense and S. habrochaites species that showed compatible type of bands with resistance, can provide differentiated alleles of the resistance source based in S. peruvianum, since they grouped in other branches of the phylogenetic tree, with the potential to contribute with maintenance of resistance conferred by SW-5. The species of Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV), have been reported causing severe damage (qualitative and quantitative) to the production of tomatoes for their various purposes. Symptomatic plants have whitening ribs, mottling and leaf distortion when infected by PVY, and necrotic spots that may progress to death of the plant when infected by PepYMV. Because of the recessive characteristic of the typical resistance to potyvirus, the search for new species that confer genetic resistance to this genus occurring in tomato is important. The pot-1 gene, which confers resistance to potyviroses in tomato is governed by a restriction mechanism of cell-to-cell movement of the capsid protein, which prevents viral accumulation in tissues. Sources of resistance have been reported in wild Solanum species in S. peruavianum, S. chilense, S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites, but it is necessary to evaluate the inheritance of this resistance, since the reported resistance is conferred by a monogenic recessive gene. This study aimed to identify in wild species accessions of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças conferring multiple resistance to PVY and PepYMV, making them candidates for potential sources of resistance for use in breeding programs. Species wild the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças were evaluated for resistance to PVY and PepYMV and identified in accessions of the species S. peruavianum and S. habrochaites via serological analysis (DOT-BLOT) possible sources of resistance.Item Área de preservação permanente em processo de revegetação com espécies arbóreas e adubos verdes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-02) Ferreira, Eva de Melo; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Correchel, Vladia; Calil, Francine Neves; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patrício deThis work was carried out Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás, where there is a dam that has its water used for the purpose of industrial supply, human and also for the creation of exotic fish, not belonging to the Cerrado fauna. In 2011 the revegetation was initiated with native tree species, among these: baru (Dipteryx alata), pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia), murici (Byrsonima crassifólia), nóde- porco (Physocalymma scaberrimum), and apeiba (Apeiba albiflora). Before the land was occupied with the cultivation of vegetables, annual crops and forages. In association with some tree species were used green manures, which among other things promote soil unpacking and nutrient cycling through the roots. The main objective of this study was to diagnose the situation of the study area, including water body that is fueled by Córrego Samambaia. Measurements were made of height and diameter of tree species for twelve months. In addition there collecting dam water samples where analyzed parameters pH, conductivity, total P and heavy metals. In July of 2014 and December of that year, analyzes were made of turbidity, color, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The parameters were evaluated according to the recommendations in the Standard Methods For Examination of Water & Wastewater (APHA, 2012) and these were performed in the Soil Analysis Laboratory, Substrate and Plant Nutrition (Lassnut) in the Agronomy School, and the use of Sanitation Laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering, both from the Federal University of Goiás. It also carried out physico-chemical analysis of soil. These were performed at Lassnut and also at the Soil Physics Laboratory EA-UFG. Monitoring carried out in September 2013 to August 2014, some plants had good response in relation to the use of green manures, but others had high mortality during the study, as the case of the pequi. The competition between alien and native was reduced, which increased overall survival. Elements such as Mn showed no significant difference in all treatments during evaluation’s period. The replacement of leguminous plants where there has been death is one of the alternatives to reduce compression levels. Macro and micro pores values were similar, but for texture area showed differences. For penetration resistance tests (PR) made in an area with green manure and one without legumes species, the largest PR values were found in the area without green manure. The water body receives the discharge of sewage illegally occupied homes. Parameters such as electric conductivity, were stable during the twelve months of study. The results for DO and BOD are outside the recommended by CONAMA’s determination, Nº 357.Item Aspectos epidemiológicos do mofo-branco e feijão comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-26) Santos, Priscila Ferreira dos; Lobo Junior, Murillo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3352833548668460; Lobo Junior, Murillo; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Paula Júnior, Trazilbo José deTo better understand the epidemiology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, causal agent of white mold on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a field trial was carried out to assess the relationship between inoculum density before disease onset (apothecia), disease severity, yield and number of sclerotia formed after plant infection. The experimental field was set in Goianira, GO, with the sprinkle irrigated cropping of common bean cv. Pérola, and consisted of plots treated with chemical fungicide (fluazinam), biological control (Trichoderma harzianum) and integrated management of white mold (Trichoderma harzianum+Fungicide). Plots without any treatment were used as control plots. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression and, when necessary, to the Tukey's test (5%). The number of apothecia and number of new sclerotia formed after infection with S. sclerotiorum were related to disease severity and yield, by simple linear models. The integrated management obtained with chemical + biological control achieved better results than the separate application of control measures. The decrease of 35.3% to 0.9% severity of the disease, and 80% reduction in the number of new sclerotia were recorded for the integrated management treatments, in comparison to the control plots. From the sum of new sclerotia produced, 64% were recovered with the harvested grains, and 31% and 5% were respectively found on soil surface residue or after residue threshing. A second study aimed to estimate e the effects of temperature and leaf wetness on infection and development of S. sclerotiorum lesions. This second trial was carried out with ‘Jalo Precoce’ common bean plants. After inoculation with flowers previously colonized by the pathogen’s mycelium, the trial was set under controlled conditions. To assess the incubation period and lesion size in leaves, the inoculated plants were submitted to temperatures of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C and leaf wetness periods (LWP) of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28h, under a 12h photoperiod. Temperatures of 20° to 25°C, in combination with LWP of at least 12 hours favored infection of ‘Jalo Precoce’ plants by S. sclerotiorum. Plants were infected at 10°C, but did not develop symptoms in the studied time intervals.Item Aspectos fenológicos e cultivo in vitro de Bromelia reversacantha Mez (Bromeliaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-15) Costa, Luiz Valério Afiune; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Silva Neto, Sebastião Pedro da; Pires, Larissa LeandroBromelia reversacantha is a species of the Bromeliaceae family which occurs in areas of Cerrado Rupestre. It is characterized for being a terrestrial species, growing on sandy soils, in dry and semi-shade environment. It presents interesting ornamental characteristics for the landscape gardening, such as persistent leaves, showy and lasting inflorescence. However, this species, like so many of Cerrado, is threatened by the expansion of the agricultural activities in this bioma and by the predatory extration. The knowledge on phenologic stages and of growth factors and the development of these plants under in vitro and ex situ conditionswould allow to get in vitro culture protocols,enabling actions of preservation and management of such species. The present work had as objective to present the aspects of the growth and vegetative development and the reproductive phase of sets of plants located in the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, city of Mossâmedes, Goiás state. Moreover, seeds collected in the Reserve had been germinated and served of source of explants for the attainment of in vitro propagation protocols. The results of the analyzed variable of growth had indicated that hidric deficiency and more cold temperatures do not favor the development of the plant. The vegetative propagation, bylateral shoots, was observed in almost every months. The flowering period presents a average of 11.70 days with an average of 4.84 open flowers per day. The nectar presented an average volume of 29.73 μL with average of 34.25o Brix, attracting diverse insects and hummingbirds. It did not have production of fruits in the inflorescences submitted to spontaneous self-pollination. However, tests of geitogamy and xenogamy had produced fruits indicating that the species is possibly allogamous. Seeds of B. reversacantha had presented high percentage of germination, with an average of 98.13%. In the experiments for in vitro propagation, the used culture medium was the MS, supplemented with 30 g.L-1 of sacarose and 0.1 g.L-1 of inositol and 6 g.L-1 of agar, beyond the growth-phytoregulator NAA in three treatments: T1: growth-phytoregulator free; T2: 1 mg.L-1; T3: 2 mg.L-1 (experiment1). After 315 days in culture, the treatment with 2 mg.L-1NAA promoted higher ratein vitro multiplication by the adventitious shoots induction. In the experiment 2, the treatments involved combinations of the growth-regulators BAP and NAA, in three treatments: T1: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA free; T2: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 1 mg.L-1 ; T3: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 2 mg.L-1. After 260 days in culture, the combination of BAP 2 mg.L-1 with NAA 1 mg.L-1 promoted higher rate of in vitro multiplication, by indirect organogenesis. These results indicate that the in vitro production of plantlets is a viable activity and that can produce great amount of plantlets in short time.Item Aspectos fenológicos, associação micorrízica e germinação in vitro de Cyrtopodium vernum Rchb.f. & Warm (Orchidaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-19) Gonçalves, Fábio José; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Pires, Larissa Leandro; Lobo Junior, Murilo; Sibov, Sérgio TadeuCyrtopodium vernum Rchb. f. Warm (Orchidaceae) is a species widely distributed in Brazilian savannah, mainly in Cerrado Rupestre. C. vernum is a terrestrial plant, growing in sand soil, dry environment and it grows in full sun. Due to beauty of its flowers and its inflorescence, C. vernum presents high ornamental and commercial potential. However, few information are available on aspects of development, budding or germination of this species that can be used for the production of plants in scale for use in commercial production. Thus, the present study objectified to characterize the fenology, the morphology and the reproductive aspects of this species and to establish protocols for symbiotic and asymbiotic germination in vitro. The plants studied grows at the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, a forest remainder of 500 ha of Cerrado biome, whose predominant vegetation is the type Cerrado Rupestre, located in the Serra Dourada, city of Mossâmedes-GO. From the months of July of 2007 through August of 2008 monthly visits had been carried out for accompaniment and collects data of 63 plants, distributed in four subpopulations. For the establishment of the germination protocols in vitro of C. vernum established the symbiotic culture, pairs the isolated fungic contends the mycorrhizae Epulorhiza sp., obtained from roots of C. vernum, with the seeds of C. vernum in medium FA, and the asimbyotic culture, where the seeds had been cultivated in culture mediums that are regularly used for seed orchids germination, being the complete MS medium, the MS medium with reduction to the half of the concentration of macronutrients (½ MS) and the Knudson medium (KC). Also histological slides of these roots were made for verification the mycorrhizae symbiotic interactions in the roots. The analysis of the behavior of C. vernum allowed to verify that this species presents the beginning of the budding with the beginning of rainy season and that the bloom is narrowly related with the action of the fire. Soon after the bloom, still in the rainy period, plants of C. vernum starts to invest its energy in the production of vegetative parts, as new pseudobulbs and leves. The establishment of the symbiotic germination in vitro did not disclose resulted satisfactory because no protocorms formation were obtained. However, satisfactory results had been founded in the asymbiotic germination in vitro, being the ½ MS medium superior to the KC and the complete MS medium for the time, germination of seeds and establishment of protocorms. However, the development of new plants did not occur in none of the three medium, indicating the necessity of the fitohormone use to induce the differentiation and organogenesis.Item Atenuação de riscos em sistemas de terraceamento em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-05) OLIVEIRA, Janaina de Moura; GRIEBELER, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793The design, implementation and maintenance of terracing does not always follow technical standards, resulting in unnecessary costs or structures failure risks. This study quantified by means of simulations, the increase in the recommended ridge height of level terraces (Hr) promoted by the use of uniformity coefficients (Cd), relating them to the ridge height promoted by change in return period (TR). These were conducted using the software Terrace 3.0, which were determined Hr to 10 locations in the state of Goias, Brazil. For this purpose was considered a standard condition, changing between systems of conventional tillage and no till and varying the TR and Cd. Also been raised, through interviews with agronomists, the aspects were that used in the design and implementation of this soil conservation practice. We evaluated also the uniformity of level terraces in five areas, in which readings were the height of ridge using an engineer level. In points of highest and lowest reading of each terrace were raised sections of accumulation. The simulations were obtained Hr average of 40.8 cm for conventional tillage and 47.7 cm for no-tillage system. On average, an increase of 0.1 in Cd value, was equal to the change in 5 years or more in the TR. Major differences were generate with use of Cd. Hr generate by Cd 1.7 was equivalent to a 113.39 years to TR value for conventional tillage and 112.12 years for no till. The average increase in Hr for each increment of 5 years in the TR or 0.1 on the Cd was, in all cases, less than two centimeters. According to the interviews, in general, agronomists contract another professional to design and employ the project. Interviewed professionals don t realize terracing projects and not consider technical criteria for the design and deployment of the system. On field measurements don t was observed uniformity in any of the terraces studied, and in some cases, the height read at one point was below the bottom of the channel in another position in the same terrace. The unevenness in the ridge section between the highest and lowest ranged from 18 cm to 60.5 cm. Real accumulation section ranged from 0.0 m2 to 1.4 m2. Based on the results, it is concluded that: needs to be included in the design of terracing systems the use of Cd or increased TR values. The system design doesn t consider technical criteria, resulting in inefficiency and, the terraces deployed present deficiencies that compromise their performance.Item Atributos da qualidade do solo sob cultivo de bananeira em sistema de transição agroecológico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-24) Godoy, Sinnara Gomes de; Souza, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; Fernandes, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Fernandes, Eliana Paula; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Sant’Ana, Carlos Eduardo Ramos deThe scope of the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems is the maintenance and / or improving soil quality, which can be measured by means of chemical, physical and microbiological. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological, in a biological approach in banana cultivation under irrigation in the transitional agro-ecological system in reference to a system in equilibrium. The experiment was conducted between winter 2008 and summer 2009 in two areas under banana cultivation with and without the application of chemical inputs associated with organic inputs in the municipality of Itapuranga - GO. Samples were collected at a depth 00-10 cm in September 2008 and March 2009 in the region of banana roots. The attributes were: texture, pH in CaCl2, macronutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and organic matter content of soil, density, porosity, microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient and total enzymatic activity. The classical statistics was applied to identify the effect of chemical inputs in different areas under evaluation. The soil has chemical, physical and microbiological environment varied as a function of agroecological transition in banana cultivation in the area where there was an application of chemical inputs does not negatively impacted the quality of soil, since the area in which there was only the application of organic inputs still requires adequate system of banana cultivation for achieving sustainability.Item Atributos de solo do bioma cerrado sob diferentes usos e manejo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-27) OLIVEIRA, Carloeme Alves de; CORRECHEL, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; KLIEMANN, Huberto José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6440607205386937This work aimed to assess physical and chemical attributes (texture, porosity, mean particle density, dry bulk density, flocculation degree, aggregation, hydraulic conductivity and penetration resistance, pH-CaCl2, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and base saturation) along the transections of two cerrado (savannah) soils. Additionally, efficiency of the forestry remnants on the retention of sediments originated from agricultural activities was observed. The following soils were studied: 1. One site Typic Haplustox Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Panamá, Goiás, Brazil), cropped under conventional tillage system; 2. Two sites Typic Haplustept Cambissolo Háplico Eutrófico (Goiatuba and Jandaia, Goiás, Brazil), cropped under no-tillage system and Brachiaria pasture. Riparian forests at downstream of all cropped areas were found. Morphologic description of soil profiles and penetration resistance tests were performed. Deformed and undeformed soil samples at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm for chemical and physical analyses were collected. For comparison of means Tukey-test at 5% probability was used. Management systems caused the following changes on physical and chemical attributes in comparison to riparian forests: a) Lower penetration resistance under no-tillage system on the Typic Haplustox soil, and a higher one on the Typic Haplustept soils; b) decrease of soil aggregation both under conventional and no-tillage systems, and increase under pasture; c) decrease of soil organic matter and calcium under all cropping systems. Soil morphological descriptions on the riparian forests showed layers of non pedogeneticized materials over the A horizons, likely originated from the upstream areas, from where terraces have been withdrawn. Riparian forests downstream the cropped areas under no-tillage and pasture systems, due to the unsuitable width and anthropic actions, were not able to retain satisfactorily the ran off sediments; under conventional tillage, however, this width was considered to be suitable in conformity to Brazilian environmental lawsItem Atributos de substratos com rejeito de lavra de bauxita cultivados com Puerária (Pueraria phaseoloides) e Braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) em Barro Alto, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) PAULA, érica Cristina Martins de; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727The attributes of a substratum composed by tailings from mining of bauxite, cultivated with Pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides)and brachiaria were studied for the flora recomposition in Barro Alto, Goiás. In order to reach that aim, the phytotechnical performance was assessed through the stalk height and diameter for legume and height and number of basal tillers for grass, besides green and dry phytomass for both species. The chemical attributes were also evaluated, through chemical analyses of the substratum at the beginning and at the end of the experiment as well as the physical and microbiological attributes. The experiments were conducted in vases in the city of Barro Alto, GO, from dezember 2008 to june 2009. The delimitation used were random blocks, with four repetitions and composed by 17 treatments with diferent compositions of cattle manure (0% to 20,5%), sugar cane bagasse (0% to 40%) and clayey tailings (45% to 90%), and different doses of phosphorus for three living roofs (B. decumbens, P. phaseloides e B. decumbens + P. phaseoloides). The treatment, which the grass and legume had a better phytotechnical performance are those that present manure concentratios above 10%. Concerning the chemical attributes, initially the treatment with at least 3,5% of manure, and 8,5% of bagasse with no phosphorous (T5), showed chemical properties suitable for plant growth, although there was a low content for organic matter. The substratum that had better physical characteristics, were those with at least 17,5% of sugar cane bagasse, besides that, the simultaneously addition of bovine manure and sugar cane bagasse allowed better values regarding soil microbes.Item Atributos físicos e hídricos do solo em ambientes de produção de cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-02) Gravina, Otavio Silveira; Correchel, Vladia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4781536691286837; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4590604606790400; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Correchel, Vladia; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Severiano, Eduardo da Costa; Flores, Rilner AlvesAccording to data from 2019/2020 of the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB), the State of Goiás occupies the second national position in relation to the total cultivated area (11.2%), sugarcane production (11.7%) and total ethanol production (15.4%) in the Brazilian sugar-energy sector, in addition to the fourth position in sugar production (6.0%). Despite relevant economic data, there are scientific articles that relate the intensive mechanization of sugarcane to the worsening of the physical and hydric quality of the soil, in contrast to others that indicate fertigation with vinasse as a mitigation of this degradation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of an Ferralsol under cultivation of sugarcane in fertigated areas in the Midwest region of Brazil. Physical and hydric attributes were evaluated in different soil layers (0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3 and 0.4-0.5 m) and crop cycles (first, third, fifth, seventh and twelfth cut) of fertigated sugarcane, in addition to a reference area with native vegetation. The physical and hydric attributes of the soil are affected by the cycle and fertigation of the culture and cultivation of sugarcane. The soil of the third cycle shows greater deterioration of physical attributes and less aggregation. The area of the fifth sugarcane cultivation cycle has better hydric attributes. The addition of vinasse throughout the cycles of sugarcane cultivation via fertigation leads to an improvement in physical attributes and aggregation, however, from the fifth cycle on, it does not attenuate the deterioration of the hydric quality of the soil.Item Atributos químicos do solo de várzea tropical cultivado com arroz irrigado em razão do manejo do nitrogênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-29) Gonçalves, Gustavo de Melo Oliveira; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Silva, Mellissa Ananias Soler da; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Santos, Alberto Baêta dosIn the last years, due to the government effort, especially in the Tocantins State, there have been significante increase on flooded rice production areas. However, there are few studies about nitrogen sources and doses in that region, which could improve the nitrogen efficiency use and provide higher incomes for farmers. This study aimed to determine the effects of different sources and doses of nitrogen in flooded lowland soils in the pH, redox potential and the concentration of ions in the soil solution in order to obtain the economicallyand environmentally best mineral nitrogen source and dose. The samples were collected in the 2014/2015 season at the Embrapa Rice and Beans Experimental Field - Palmital Farm-, in a Dystric Gleysol. The design was a complete randomized blocks, with four replications, two sources of nitrogen (common urea and slow release urea), three nitrogen rates (30, 70, 150 kg ha-1), and a control, without any N application.Soil solution samples were collected weekly, during the flooded period in rice cultivation, BRS Catiana genotype. The pH analysis and Eh (redoxpotential) were immediately read, just after the soil solution sampling, in the field, and thenHCl (2M) acidified,, and immediately frozen for later analysis of the following ions: Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, MOS, NO3- and NH4+. The sources used did not affect the release of nutrients dynamics to the soil solution. The anaerobic condition caused changes in the Eh and ions solubility in the soil solution. The doses applied changed Ca and MOS concentrations in solution, and the dose of 150 kg ha-1 N showed the highest values for both.Item Atributos químicos e biológicos do solo em áreas sob diferentes sistemas de manejo no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-17) Silva, Larissa Gabriela Marinho da; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Calil, Francine Neves; Teixeira, Welldy GonçalvesAgroforestry systems have been one of the most promising options for the production of African mahogany, as they reconcile the planting of forest species with agricultural crops and / or animal husbandry, providing environmental, social and economic benefits. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the dynamics of the chemical and biological attributes of the soil in agroforestry systems with African mahogany, in comparison with soil under conditions of native vegetation in the municipality of Nazário - GO. The treatments were composed of three soil management systems: S1: African mahogany in monoculture since 2013; S2: African mahogany in an agroforestry system implanted since 2015, grown with cocktails of different species; S3: African mahogany in an agroforestry system implemented since 2013, grown with cocktails of different species. For the control treatment, the soil in the forest with native vegetation of the Cerrado (Mata) was evaluated. The chemical and biological attributes of the soils were analyzed in a randomized block design, with six replications. The results obtained indicate that the different management systems influenced the chemical attributes of the soil. The monoculture of African mahogany provided the largest accumulation of organic matter in the soil when compared to agroforestry systems and native vegetation, demonstrating its potential for the cultivation of this forest species. There were distinct changes in the biological attributes of the soil by each management system. The management systems with African mahogany in an agroforestry system implemented in 2015 (S2) and in 2013 (S3) had the highest carbon content of microbial biomass and basal soil respiration, respectively. The native forest had the highest nitrogen content in the microbial biomass. And African mahogany in a monoculture system had the highest total carbon content.Item Atributos químicos e textura do solo em veredas conservadas e antropizadas no bioma Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-15) SOUSA, Ricardo Fernandes de; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; NASCIMENTO, Jorge Luiz do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1613681986702987The objective of this work was to study the soil of wetlands situated in conserved and altered environments (in agricultural and cattle areas), by determining the chemical attributes and texture of the soil. The study was carried through in the central region of Cerrado biome, in the state of Goiás, in wetlands situated in the City of Bela Vista de Goiás. There have been selected three wetlands for soil sampling: one conserved wetland, surrounded by natural vegetation (cerrado); one altered area, with occurrence of pasture in its adjacent areas; and another wetland, also altered, with the occurrence of agriculture in its adjacent areas. The samplings were taken in the months of April and May of 2008, through the use of lines of reference, according to their positions in the relief, in upper, average and lower position, following approximately the direction of the line of draining of the wetland. It has been collected samples in three depths: 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The variables studied have been: texture, pH in CaCl2 0.01 M; micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B), macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg and S), concentration of Al and potential acidity (H+Al), and soil organic matter content (SOM). It was verified that the clay percentages in the lower region of the relief are higher in altered environments and the percentage of silt are higher in the wetland adjacent to the agricultural area. In lower position of the relief, the concentrations of SOM are lesser in wetlands adjacent to the agricultural areas and pastures. In the conserved wetland the base saturation is higher in lower position of relief and, in this same position, the acidity (pH) and the aluminum concentration is lesser than that in the average and upper positions, occurring the inverse in farming landscapes.Item Avaliação agronômica de isolados de rizóbio que nodulam o feijoeiro-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-13) Moreira, Leniany Patrícia; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761150Z7; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Mendes, Iêda de Carvalho; Didonet, Cláudia Cristina Garcia MartinCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous plant of great importance for the Brazilian population, especially for the poorer population by representing the main source of protein. Common bean can establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain N from the atmosphere through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) process. This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of rhizobia isolates under field conditions in two sites: Guapó and Santo Antônio de Goiás, by comparison of their results with the commercial strains SEMIA 4077, 4080 and SEMIA SEMIA 4088 of Rhizobium tropici. We evaluated the number of nodules (NN), nodules dry weight (NDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), stand (S), leaf area (LA), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), 100 grains dry weight (100GDW), grain yield (GY) and levels of macro and micronutrients in the shoots of common bean plants. The results revealed significant differences for NN, SDW, NP, NG and GY among the treatments evaluated in Guapó. In the experiment carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás significant differences were observed among treatments for NDW, RDW, LA, SDW, NP, NG and GY. The content of micro and micronutrients varied significantly among all of the isolates while in Santo Antônio de Goiás no significant differences were found for Fe and Mn. About 70% of the isolates evaluated in Guapó showed relative efficiency of grain yield similar to the strains SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088. In Santo Antônio de Goiás all of the evaluated isolates showed the same efficiency of those strains. The inoculation with the isolates contributed on a significant way for the grain yield increasing with results similar to the N treatment and commercial strains. These results indicate that is possible to find isolates more efficient than the commercial strains on the BNF process.Item Avaliação de diferentes lâminas de água e de doses de nitrogênio na produção de matéria seca e composição bromatológica do capim Mombaça(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2003-02-27) RUGGIERO, Juliana Azevedo; NASCIMENTO, Jorge Luiz do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1613681986702987; ROSA, Beneval; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4308152819345272The best combinations of different sheets of water were evaluated and of doses of nitrogen in the production of dry matter (t/ha) in grass Panicum maximum Jaqc. cv. Mombaça. The grass was submitted to the following treatments: 5 irrigation sheets (portions L0, L1, L2, L3 and L4 corresponding her/it respectively without irrigation, 30%, 60%, 90% and 120% of the evaporation and potential perspiration of the culture (Etpc)), applied for leak, and to 4 doses of manuring of nitrogen (subportions 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha/year of nitrogen) that were divided in 7 applied doses after the cuts. The period of used rest was of 28 days, being approximately the mass cut grass the 30 cm of the soil. The used complet randomized blocks in portions subdivided appraised in 6 different times understanding the period of the drought in the area. For the production of dry matter (t/ha) there was difference (P <0,05), in the irrigation in the months of April, May, June and October, not having difference (P>0,05) the months of July, August and September, due to fall in the production caused by the low temperatures. The matter accumulation dries in the months of deficit hidric for L3 and fertilized with 400 kg/ha/year of N was of 1,36 t/ha, corresponding her/it an increment of production of approximately 152% in relationship the portions without irrigation (0,54 t/ha). there was not significant difference (P>0,05) for the doses of manuring of nitrogen. The low temperatures and the irrigation handling interfered in the production of dry matter, could limit the use of this technique in certain areas. The use of the leak system in the pasture irrigation is not very defined having been had difficulties in the evaluation of the correct application of water.Item Avaliação de dispersantes químicos e pré-tratamentos na determinação de argila de solos de mineralogias distintas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-07-30) RODRIGUES, Cristiane; OLIVEIRA, Virlei Alvaro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739376049142731; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325The knowledge about the physical properties of soil, including the levels of clay is of paramount importance to the environment and for agriculture. Soil apparently equal may have different behavior because of inherent characteristics, determined by the performance of different procedures for training and the nature of their material trainer. The objectives of this study were pre-check treatments and methods of dispersal or chemical dispersants, combined or not, more efficient for determination of clay of some classes of land, also assessing the texture of field determined by a group of ten Pedólogos experienced. We selected five mineralogical contrasting nature of soil, Oxisols, Argisols, Nitosol and Chernosoils. Thirteen different treatments were used: using chemicals as dispersants, hydroxides sodium hydroxide, lithium and hexametafosfato; pre - treatment with Ditionito for disposal of iron and crystal ammonium oxalate to amorphous iron and hydrogen peroxide for disposal of organic matter, such as action mechanics were tested using sand as abrasive, the use of ultrasound and shaker horizontal movement of ribbon. There are data that need different treatment for determination of clay, taking into consideration the nature mineralogical; The lithium hydroxide is not efficient to disperse soil eletropositivos and very efficient to disperse soil electronegative; The use of sand as abrasive and ultrasound increased levels of clay in all treatments. The method that most closely approximated the texture of the field was that traditional uses sodium hydroxide and dispersant