Mestrado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP)
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Item Ação leishmanicida de extratos de plantas no desenvolvimento de promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis e estudo do perfil metabólico utilizando a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE).(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) MENDES, Josireny Mariano; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846Two million new cases of Leishmaniose occur annually in the tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, with a estimate of twelve million people currently infected in world and three hundred and fifty million under infection risk. The Leishmania sort, responsible for the disease, understands many diverse and complex species that present resistance to the drugs used in its treatment, beyond the characteristics undesirable. The effectiveness of the control and treatment of a parasitic disease depends on the detailed knowledge of the cycle of life, metabolism and biology in general of the parasite. The World Health Organization, associated with other agencies of research has stimulated the extract inquiry new of native plants as alternative for the treatment and combat of the parasitic disease In this work one standardized techniques of studies biochemists through liquid chromatography high performace (HPLC) evaluating organic acid excretion and consumption of in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and became fullfilled biotests with Magonia pubescens (tingui) and Glycyrrhisa glabra (alcaçuz) in the concentrations of 25 50 and 100 mg.L-1 The acid had been detected following: lactate oxalate citrate -Ketoglutarate succinate fumarate malate and propionate demonstrated activities in the glycolytic pathway cycle of Krebs and respiratory chain Both the tested extracts had presented leishmanicid action with better effect for Glycyrrisa glabra 100 mg.L-1 and Magonia pubescens 25 mg.L-1 The Glycyrrisa glabra had better action in the stationary phase of growth to opposes it of Magonia pubescens that better acted in the logaritmic phase Chemical components of plants can act directly or indirectly in the metabolism of the parasite affecting essential metabolic pathwaysItem Adesão a terapia antirretroviral, mensurada por diferentes métodos, em pacientes HIV/AIDS atendidos em hospital universitário de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-11) Sousa, Clarissa Alencar de; Turchi, Marília Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3769826743537934; Turchi, Marília Dalva; Albuquerque, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de; Souza, Marta Rovery deIntroduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) changed aids morbidity and mortality profile, decreasing opportunist diseases and deaths. However, adherence is determinant to ensure long-term benefits. This study aims to compare three measures of adherence to HAART and to estimate frequency and related factors of this event. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted among 249 adults, receiving HAART in a public referral center (Hospital das Clínicas/UFG), in Goiás, from 2009 through 2010. Three measures of adherence were investigated 1) Patients who scored > 75 points at the Questionnaire CEAT-VIH (Remor E et al, 2007) were considered adherent. 2) Patients who reported taking more than 95% of the prescribed antiretroviral pills in the past 7 days were considered adherent. 3) Pharmacy refill records measure. Considered adherent those withdrew antiretroviral drugs at the correct time. The prevalence of non adherence and its 95.0% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Agreement between measures of adherence was assessed using Kappa test. To evaluate the reliability of the measures, undetectable HIV viral load was considered the gold standard. Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS (13.0) P <.05 was considered significant Results: The majority of participants were men (77.1%), 57.0% had > 8 years of schooling and 61.4% were taking AZT, 3TC and EFV. The prevalence of no adherence, considering missing doses in previous 7 days, was 27.2% (CI95% 17.3 -31.2). According to questionnaire CEAT-VIH, 51.0% (CI95% 49.5 – 52.5) had low/insufficient adherence. According to pharmacy refill records 37.4% (CI95% 35.0 – 39.8) were no adherent. There was a low grade of agreement between the three measures used to evaluate adherence (kappa < 0.40). Adherence was significantly associated with undetectable viral load. Adherence was not associated with gender, schooling or number of pills/day. Being a heavy alcoholic user was associated to poor adherence. Conclusions: Different measures applied to the same patients yielded different levels of adherence, although all three measures were associated with adequate virological response. The estimative of non adherence can be considered high since the majority of patients were taking a low complexity and high tolerability antiretroviral drugs combination.Item Análise bioquímica e equilíbrio ácido-base em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), hospedeiro intermediário do Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907), sob a exposição ao Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius, 1837), planta moluscicida do Cerrado brasileiro.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) FERREIRA, Cirlane Silva; BEZERRA, José Clecildo Barreto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491755585617846The state of Goiás represents a high risk to schistosomiasis stablishment area The presence of the intermediate host Biomphalaria sp added to high migration levels of people from endemic regions of the country are evidences that favour the installation of this disease life cycle In this state of Goiás there are reports of high parasitary intensity and even cases of paraplegia associated with schistosomiasis. The Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Martius 1837) known locally as Barbatimão de folha pequena is reported as a molluscicide plant This paper assesses the activity of gross bark extracts from S polyphyllum on the metabolism and on the acid-alkaline balance of B glabrata The mollusks were exposed to the extract at 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations for 24 hours and compared to a control group The concentrations of glucose calcium urea proteins and the activity of the following enzymes dehydrogenases lactate and aminotransferases were estimated using the spectrophotometry method The organic acids citrate propionate α- cetoglutarate succinate acetate malate fumarate pyruvate and lactate were detected and quantified using the liquid chromatography method Of all the organic acids found in the hemolymph, only citrate and propionate presented a significant alteration The acid-alkaline balance was verified by measuring the concentrations found in the pH oxygen carbonic gas carbonate ions and oxygen saturation using Radiomiter equipment The S polyphyllum extract tested proved effective due to celular toxicity on B glabrata(Say 1818) Alterations verified in the biochemical dosages reflect the metabolic disturbances in the hemolymph of the mollusk The Cirlane Silva Ferreira x extract interference caused an increase in the levels of glucose urea calcium aspartate alanine aminotransferases and carbonic gas pressure simultaneously causing a decrease in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase pH oxygen pressure carbonate ions and oxygen saturation This study confirms the bioactivity of the S polyphyllum aqueous extract on B glabrata One of the main contributions of the methodology used is that it enabled observation after direct contact with the extract that proved bioactivity on the metabolism of the mollusk The analysis of the aqueous extract taken from the bark of the barbatimão may be the basis for new and less toxic as well as less costly alternative for the control of schistosomiasis in Brazil, where the savannah is vast and financial resources are often scarce in the health sectorItem Análise da expressão das proteínas META2, LRR17, STI1 e TSA em isolados de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis obtidos de pacientes com lesão cutânea ou mucosa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-17) Ávila, Lucilla Ribeiro; Dorta, Miriam Leandro; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408; Castro, Ana Maria de; Afonso, Luis Carlo CroccoIntroduction: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the most common etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. About 1 to 10% of patients infected with this species of parasite develop the mucosal leishmaniasis, whose lesions are progressive, destructive and are characterized by a strong specific immune response. The mechanisms for the development of mucosal leishmaniasis are poorly known, but it is possible that proteins associated with virulence of the parasite, such as META2 LRR17 and/or related with the induction of a strong immune response, such as STI and TSA, participate in the pathogenesis disease, causing the appearance of metastases in the mucosa. Objective: To evaluate the expression of proteins META2, LRR17, STI1 and TSA in promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis derived from cutaneous or mucosal lesions. Methods: It was used three isolates from cutaneous lesions of patients (JCJ8c, and RPL5c SMB7c) and three isolates from mucosal lesions (ASL9m, and JBC8m PPS6m). Amastigotes of the isolates were obtained after inoculation of biopsies in mice knockout in interferon gamma and promastigotes in logarithmic or stationary phase obtained in culture in Grace's medium. The kinetics of growth in culture of isolates was performed by counting daily over ten days in the flow cytometer. The expression of proteins of each isolate was assessed by immunoblotting technique and by flow cytometry, the latter being used only to evaluate the expression of proteins whose expression was significant difference between isolates from cutaneous or mucosal lesions. Results: Promastigotes in stationary phase of the isolates SMB7c and JBC8m were the most expressed the protein META2. The greatest expression of this protein in parasites coincided with more severe lesions, since despite of isolated SMB7c being of cutaneous origin, the patient also presented mucosal lesion, and in the isolated JBC8m the patient presented return of lesions. Proteins LRR17 and STI1 were not expressed in significant amount in both promastigotes and amastigotes of different isolates. TSA protein was expressed at higher levels in promastigotes stationary phase and amastigotes of the xi isolates from patients with mucosal lesions, and this difference was also observed in flow cytometric analysis. Conclusion: The results suggest an association of META2 protein, which is related to the virulence of the parasite, with the generation of more severe lesions in the mucosal, since the highest expression of the protein was isolate from patients with mucocutaneous lesions and patients whose treatment was not effective. TSA, which is associated with antigenicity and virulence of the parasite was also expressed in greater amount in isolates from patients with mucosal lesions. The hypothesis is that, despite TSA protein to induce a protective immune response could be conferring protection in the Leishmania after entering the phagolysosomes by being an antioxidant protein. This protection favored the persistence of parasites and later generation of mucosal lesions.Item Análise da resposta imune celular de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa contra os antígenos recombinantes MPT-51, GLcB, ESAT-6, Ag 85A e a proteína do filtrado de cultura (CFP) de mycobacterium tuberculosis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-21) VASCONCELOS JUNIOR, Arioldo Carvalho; KIPNIS, Ana Paula Junqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1252262903952987This work characterized the specific cellular immune response of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes against recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Hospital Anuar Auad, Goiania Brazil, and constituted of two experimental groups: 1) 22 active TB patients with positive acid fast aputum, X-ray indicative of tuberculosis, smear culture positive for M. tuberculosis and HIV negative. 2) 15 sex and age matched healthy controls, tuberculin skin test and HIV negative. Venous blood was drawn and processed to obtain PBMC that were cultivated for 96 hours with the specific antigens (1mg/106 cells). TCD8 and TCD4 cells were analyzed by flow citometry for IL-10 and IFN-g production. In general, the percentage of positive TCD4 and TCD8 cells for IFN-g and IL-10 were superior among the TB patients. Additionally, TCD4+IFNg+ (5,63±2,43) and IL-10+ (5,83± 2,19) cells were significantly higher in TB patients than in healthy controls (TCD4+IFNg+ =1,75±0,71 and IL-10+ =1,47±0,90), (p<0,01). Regarding the percentage of TCD8 cells, a higher percentage of IFNg+ (4,33±1,45) and IL-10+ (4,01±1,14) among TB patients than controls (TCD8+IFNg+ = 1,49±0,42 and IL- 10+ 1,62±0,59) was observed (p<0,01). TB treatment did not alter the response to the tested antigens immediately after the treatment initiation. In conclusion, the recombinant antigens MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A were recognized by the specific immune response of active TB patients. Key words: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant antigens, Cellular immune response. to the tested antigens immediately after the treatment initiation. In conclusion, the recombinant antigens MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A were recognized by the specific immune response of active TB patients.Item Análise da variação de IgG3 e IgG total específicas para antígenos de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em soro de pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea antes e após o tratamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-09-18) Andrade, Douglas Oliveira; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Pereira, Ledice Inácia de Araújo; Lino Júnior, Ruy de SouzaLeishmaniasis are a group of endemic diseases in 98 countries, with an estimated incidence up to 1.6 million cases per year (0.7-1.2 million of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 0.2 to 0.4 million visceral leishmaniasis). The criteria for the cure of american tegumentary leishmaniasis adopted nowadays is the complete healing of the lesion. IgG3 subclass anti-leishmania antibodies decrease faster than the total IgG antibodies in cured patients. This study was aimed to identify differences in the recognition pattern of L. (V.) braziliensis protein by total IgG or IgG3 antibodies obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis infected patients’ serum before and after treatment. Sera of 15 patients infected with L. braziliensis attended at the Tropical Diseases Hospital Anuar Auadi were tested by ELISA against crude extracts of L. braziliensis. When all patients were analyzed, it was observed that anti-leishmania IgG3 absorbance levels measured by ELISA were similar to the controls levels at 6 month. The absorbance levels of total antibodies in control and infected patients reached similarity only at 12/18 months. After split patients into group A: healing of the lesion before one month and B: healing of the lesion after one month, it was observed that absorbance levels in ELISA for IgG3 in group A was similar to the controls levels at the time of diagnosis. It was also observed, by Western Blotting, that the IgG3 reactivity of IgG3 to 49 kDa protein waspresent mainly for group B patients. The 28 kDa protein showed IgG3 reactivity mainly in group B the healing os lesions and the 14 kDa protein showed IgG3 reactivity in some controls our data suggest that the use of 49 kDa protein in ELISA may be useful for diagnosis and following up of patients and the 14kDa protein may be important in false-positive results.Item Análise das Bases Moleculares da Resistência à Isoniazida e Rifampicina em Cepas Obtidas de Pacientes com Tuberculose no Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-11) ALVES, Sueli Lemes de ávila; KIPNIS, André; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4434965360286741Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a challenge worldwide. Rapid diagnosis by molecular techniques can provide a more aggressive and appropriate initial therapy. This study aimed to analyze the molecular basis of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (R) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from cases of human tuberculosis in Goiás and to genetically determine the causes of the observed resistances. Of the 4.607 cultures for mycobacteria processed in the period of September of 2005 and December of 2007, 24 isolates from 16 patients resistant to at least H and/or R were analyzed. We compared the results obtained by phenotypic tests with mutations in key genes responsible for the development of resistance to these drugs, the rpoB gene for isolates resistant to R and katG gene for strains resistant to H. Seventy one percent of the isolates were resistant to H, and the mutations involved with resistance observed in the katG gene were in codon 315 (41%). The most frequent mutations observed in the rpoB gene of the R resistant isolates (71%) were in codons 456 (76.5%) and 451 (17.6%). Our findings are similar to those reported in the literature. We conclude that the percentage of agreement between genotypic and phenotypic tests was 41% for H and 94% for R considering the number of isolates and 40% and 91%, respectively considering the number of patients.Item Análise das interações proteína-proteína da chaperona de cobre ATX1 em Paracoccidioides brasiliensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-12) Lugo, Danize Eukales Menezes; Silva, Kleber Santiago Freitas e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3813868830071259; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Celia Maria de Almeida; Pereira, Maristela; Bailão, Alexandre MeloParacoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in the Americas, mainly in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina. The disease is caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidiodes that exhibit thermodimorphism. The fungus is present in the soil in the mycelial form at 28°C and in the yeast form in the host at 37°C. The ability to differentiate is considered a virulence factor of this pathogen. Copper (Cu) is an essential component of enzymes that carry out electron transfer reactions. Homeostasis of this metal was first described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and homologous genes were identified in several organisms. Among these, the ATX1 gene, related to a copper metallochaperone, stands out, which transports Cu1+ from Ctr1 (transmembrane transporter) to Ccc2 (P-type ATPase) in a trans-Golgi vesicle for eventual insertion into Fet3. The latter is a highaffinity Cu-dependent iron absorption protein. Atx1 was identified in S. cerevisiae as a small 8 kDa Cu chaperone, being classified as an antioxidant molecule. Little is known about Cu homeostasis metabolism and the specific function of the ATX1 gene in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Thus, the identification of Atx1 interaction networks in P. brasiliensis can elucidate details of Cu metabolism in this organism. The main objective of this research was to characterize, through molecular anchoring, how ATX1 interacts with P. brasiliensis proteins, providing an understanding of the biology of the fungus and aiming to identify possible therapeutic targets as a future perspective. A group of proteins that interact with Atx1 was identified and validated through pull-down assays. These proteins are part of the maintenance of homeostasis, interacting with other proteins of copper metabolism, electron transport and detoxification proteins. These interactions indicate the importance of Atx1 for maintaining copper homeostasis in the fungus, being a potential target for alternative drugs, which may collaborate to expand therapeutic options.Item Análise do perfil de resistência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) aos inibidores da transcriptase reversa não análogos de nucleosídeos (ITRNN) em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-20) Pacheco, Priscila Ribeiro Guimarães; Turchi, Marilia Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3769826743537934; Turchi, Marilia Dalva; Pereira, Gisner Alves de Souza; Araújo Filho, João Alves deObjectives: To describe and analyze HIV-1 resistance mutational profiles associated with non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) from patients experiencing antiretroviral therapy failure; at the main reference public Center in Goiás State. Methods: Samples from 474 patients were collected and processed according to the National Genotyping Network (RENAGENO), between 2006 and e 2009. Patient’s files (genotype exams) and medical records were used as data source. Number of TCD4 cells, HIV-1 viral load quantification, viral subtype and mutation profile assessment (TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Test e ViroSeq System) were done according to the routine adopted by Central State Laboratory (LACEN). Resistance mutation profiles were identified using the Brazilian Algorithm and the Stanford Database Program. Cross resistance between NNRTIs: nevirapine, efavirenz and etravirine were analyzed. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed for socio-demographics variables and laboratory results (SPSS 15.0). Results: Samples from 126 adult patients were resistant to nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EVF) Subtyping analysis showed a predominance of subtype B (86.1%), followed by BF1 recombinant (7.8%). Half of the patients received three or more antiretroviral therapy regimes. The most frequent mutations were 103N (72.2%) and 225H (22.2%). Mutations related to decreased etravirine (ETV) activity were detected in 8 codons: 98, 100, 101, 181, 188, 190 e 230 Intermediate ETV resistance were present in 27.0% and 15.1% of the samples, according to the Brazilian protocol and to Stanford Db Program, respectively. High-degree of ETV resistance were present in 10 samples (7.9%; IC95% 3.9-14.1), according to the Brazilian protocol Using the Stanford dB Program, 3 out of 126 patients (2.4%; IC95% 3.9-14.1) had high-degree of resistance. Clinical characteristics, number of T CD4 cells and viral load were not predictors to ETV resistance. Conclusions: The presence of at least one mutation potentially associated with decreased virological response to ETV was frequent, in a population highly exposed to NNRTIs. Otherwise high-degree of cross resistance to ETV was not common, suggesting that this drug could be helpful for patients failing to first generation NNRTIs.Item Análise dos resultados sorológico, anatomopatológico e parasitológico de material abortivo para infecções com risco de transmissão vertical com ênfase na toxoplasmose(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-05) BARBARESCO, Aline Almeida; CASTRO, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621The infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Treponema pallidum, can reach the fetus via the placenta or transamniótica may cause different damage. The severity of the infection or even abortion, depend on the virulence of the strain of microorganism, the immune response of the mother and the period. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of serological, pathological and parasitological material for abortive infections with risk of vertical transmission, with emphasis on toxoplasmosis. They were invited to participate in the study, women who miscarried and complete or incomplete, attended at two public hospitals in Goiânia, Goiás, between the period June 2008 to June 2009. Were interviewed through a questionnaire and collected blood samples and abortive material. There were immunologic tests for toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, rubella, cytomegalovirus and syphilis and pathology in cytogenetic. 55% of women were aged 20 to 30 years of age. The majority (68%) had gestational ages ranging from 7-14th weeks. 54.3% of women had completed high school or incomplete. Regarding the number of abortions, most women (69%) had only one abortion and minority (2.9%) were already in the fourth or fifth abortion. For the analysis of serology, infection with the risk of vertical transmission was more frequent with the CMV 97.1% positivity and then the rubella 95.2%. Toxoplasmosis has a percentage of 54.3%, Chagas disease by 1.9% and syphilis by 0.95%. The analysis of the biopsy showed that 63.1% showed inflammation and 34% absence of inflammation. Analysis of serological, pathological and parasitological of 105 women, 57 were seropositive for T. gondii. It was observed that 77.1% showed inflammation, detected in pathological examination. None has tested positive for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and inoculation in mice. This study demonstrated the high frequency of seropositive for CMV and rubella then toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease and syphilis in our country. The elucidation of the cause of miscarriage is still not routine in our country. These data showed that the prevalence of disease with risk of congenital transmission in patients with spontaneous abortion is important, more research is needed to elucidate the etiology of abortion. Women's health should receive more attention from our managers because primary care is the best and most efficient path to be followed in order to quality of life for mothers and their future children.Item Análise Morfométrica de Staphylococcus aureus Meticilina Resistentes Cultivados em Diferentes Concentrações de Cloreto de Sódio e Oxacilina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-15) OLIVEIRA, Ana Cláudia Alves de; LINO JÚNIOR, Ruy de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0372118837748010Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been one of the most prevalent microorganisms that cause hospitals infections worldwide. Several studies show that this microorganism is often found colonizing health professionals. MRSA can cause skin infections from the severe pneumonia, with high resistance to different antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate morphometric changes in MRSA isolated from the saliva of health professionals, through the use of different concentrations of oxacillin and sodium chloride. The identification of morphological changes was assessed by growing the isolates in the following concentrations of Sodium Chloride and oxacillin: 2μg, 4μg and 6μg and 2%, 4%, 6% and 7.5% and using the means of computerized morphometry. This technique was tested by microscopic computed by employing the software Image J 1.38 (HIH USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Sigma Stat, version 2.03, and the differences between the groups were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis (p <0.05). The 20 MRSA analyzed showed no alterations. The present study showed that Sodium Chloride and oxacilin at concentrations did not alter the development and morphology of MRSA.Item Análise proteômica de membrans de Paracoccidioides sp. durante privação de zinco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-04) Silva, Marielle Garcia; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Casaletti, Luciana; Lima, Patrícia de SousaParacoccidioides spp. are pathogenic fungi that causes paracoccidioidomycosis, an important systemic mycosis in Latin American countries. The success of infection depends on the pathogen ability to obtain essential micronutrients (metals) from the host. This process of nutrient uptake occurs through membrane associated transporters. The membranes are constituted of a lipid bilayer with associated proteins and are involved in different processes during the establishment of infection, such as transport of nutrients and homeostatic regulation. As zinc is a metal that plays an important role in the regulation of host-pathogen interaction and changes in this micronutrient homeostasis are implicated in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, the aim of this study was to identify the membrane proteins expressed under conditions of zinc deprivation. NanoUPLC-MSE technique was employed in order to identify membrane proteins of yeast cells (Pb01) grown in chemically defined media in the presence and absence of zinc. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to confirm the sample enrichment with membranes. Subsequently, the samples were digested and analyzed by NanoUPLC-MSE. In silico analysis was performed to determine the location of 460 proteins identified in extracts of Pb01 grown in + Zn (control) and TPEN (treated) medium. Among the identified proteins, 141 were classified as belonging to membranes and of those, 120 proteins were repressed and 21 were induced during zinc deprivation. Among the 141 membrane proteins, 81 showed transmembrane domains and 9 were classified as membranes proteins with post-transcriptional modification. A total of 15 membrane proteins showed signal peptide. Analysis of the function of membrane proteins, allowed the description that phospholipid metabolism and cell integrity maintenance pathways were affected by zinc deprivation.Item Análises das comparações bioquímicas no soro e exsudato peritoneal de camundongos BALB/c inoculados com cepa cistogênica e não cistogênica de Toxoplasma gondii(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-15) Sylvio, Mirian de; Bezerra, José Clecildo Barreto Bezerra; Vinaud, Marina Clare; Castro, Ana Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9232309971000621Infection with Toxoplasma gondii occurs throughout the globe, with a prevalence of up to 90% in the population. The physiological changes caused by this parasite are well studied in immunocompromised individuals and in cases of congenital transmission. In immunocompetent individuals the infection is usually asymptomatic and little explored by researchers. Experimental studies follow the pattern of human studies, and there fow mention about the biochemical changes (liver and kidney metabolisms) in the host infected by T. gondii. This study aimed the quantification of hepatic and kidney alterations caused by acute infections by T. gondii (non cystogenic strain – RH) and by chronic infections (cystogenic strain – ME-49). The control group was formed by mice without infection, only submitted to saline stress. Several enzymes were measured in serum and peritoneal exudate of mice infected and control such as: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase, using an automated methodology. AST and ALT presented a significative difference in the serum of mice infected with RH strain when compared to controls indicating a destruction of liver cells. The peritoneal exudates did not present significative changes in relation to controls nor did the urea and creatinine levels. The séric lactate dehydrogenase showed gradual changes in all days of the infection in mice peritoneal exudates as early as this change was evident only in the fifth day of infection. All samples of the group infected with ME-49 strain showed changes in serum and peritoneal exudate during all days of analysis. Only ALT peritoneal exudates showed no change during all days of analysis. An increase in urea at all doses was observed, however, creatinine showed a change only within 120 days of infection. The LDH was altered in the serum in all days of analysis. In conclusion, the T. gondii infection may cause hepatic and kidney injuries either when caused by non-cystogenic as by cystogenic strains of the parasite.Item Aspectos epidemiológicos e genótipos do vírus da Hepatite C em caminhoneiros de rota longa do Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-22) FREITAS, Nara Rubia de; MARTINS, Regina Maria Bringel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582896795892370Globally, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is about 3%, with a significant variation according to geographic areas and population groups. However, studies concerning this infection in truck drivers population are rare. This study aimed to determine the HCV infection prevalence, to analyse associated risk factors and also to identify this virus genotypes in a population of long distance truck drivers in Brazil. In 2005-2006, 641 truck drivers who were circulating on BR-153 Federal road were interviewed and blood samples collected. Blood samples (sera) were tested for anti-HCV antibodies detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-HCV reactive sera were retested for confirmation by immunoblot and also for HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. HCV RNA positive samples were genotyped by line probe assay (LiPA). Nine samples were anti-HCV positive, resulting in a prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7-2.7). By multivariate analysis, use of illicit drug and hepatitis B virus seropositivity (anti-HBc marker) were risk factors for this infection. Genotyping of HCV RNA positive samples revealed the presence of genotypes 1 (37.5%), 2 (25.0%) and 3 (37.5%). The findings of this study indicate an intermediate endemicity for HCV infection in truck drivers in Brazil, the relevance of drug use in the transmission of this agent and the circulation of genotypes 1, 2 and 3 in the studied population.Item Aspectos histopatológicos da neurocisticercose experimental e perfil de citocinas em camundongos C57BL/6(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-15) Milhomem, Anália Cirqueira; Silva, Juliana Reis Machado e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289363102869037; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0372118837748010; Lino Júnior, Ruy de Souza; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli; Pinto, Mauro Cunha XavierNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the diseases neglected by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the parasitic infection that most affects the Central Nervous System (CNS) throughout the world. Thus, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and physiopathology in order to elucidate mechanisms by which NCC causes tissue injury in infected patients. With the advent of this necessity the search for ways to facilitate the experimental study of this disease has arisen, and today, the use of the cysticercus species of Taenia crassiceps is well diffused in the scientific environment. The objective of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the profile of systemic and in situ cytokines in C57BL / 6 mice after intracranial inoculation of viable cysticerci of T. crassiceps. Three experimental groups were used: healthy control, surgical control and infected group. After 90 days of infection, mice were euthanized and histopathological analysis of the brain, spleen cell culture, homogenate production and ELISA for IL-4, IL10 and IFN-γ were performed. The histopathological analysis of the encephalus allowed to verify the presence of cysticercus in the lateral ventricles or in the extraparenchymal region, presence of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (MN) around the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the systemic and in situ immune profiles of the infected mice showed a predominance of Th2-type response, with high IL-4 concentration, low IFN-γ and IL-10 levels modulating the two responses, but mainly Th1. The in situ cytokine dosage was similar between the experimental groups, which leads us to conclude that the cysticercus exerts immunomodulation for its survival, in addition to which it also benefits from the cerebral immunoprivilege. In conclusion, correlating the immune and histological aspects described after the analysis, we can suggest that T. crassiceps cysticercosis infection in C57BL / 6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type profile with MN inflammatory infiltrate presence, Meningitis and microgliosis.Item Aspectos psicopatológicos na hanseníase e nas reações hansênicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-31) JUNQUEIRA, Alessandra Vidal e; NETTO, Joaquim Caetano de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3444498706763045; CAIXETA, Leonardo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9536747113677509Hansen s disease (leprosy) is an endemic infectious disease in underdeveloped countries Disease s burden and reaction episodes can lead to anxious and depressive symptoms relatively frequent although poorly explored in leprosy To 90 patients presenting leprosy and 30 without the disease, but under the same environmental stress conditions in Goiânia-GO Brazil were applied the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Patients with leprosy were distributed in three groups of 30: group 1 without reactions; group 2: outpatients with reactions; group 3: inpatients with reactions The group 4 was composed by individuals without the disease Higher scores were found in leprosy patients than in the group without the disease with statistically significant differences specially between groups 3 and 4 Leprosy patients without reactions had lower scores (60%) Depressive symptoms were more common in reactions 83.3% in outpatients and 96.7% in medical inpatients The most symptoms found were anxiety depression lack of labor capacity and insomnia We concluded that anxious and depressive symptoms were more frequent in leprosy patients mainly in those with severe reactionsItem Associação entre a infecção pelo Papilomavírus humano e a detecção de anormalidades citológicas em jovens universitárias(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-18) Oliveira, Daniel Fernandes de; Alves, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in several countries, being more prevalent in women younger than 25 years of age. The prevalence of HPV genotypes in women with and without cervical abnormalities may vary according to the population or region studied. HPV 16 is the most commonly type, both in women with cytological abnormalities and women with normal cytological outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between HPV infection and the detection of cytological abnormalities in young female university students. Two hundred female university students aged 17 – 25 years from Goiânia and other cities were included. Cervical specimens were screened for cytological abnormalities by conventional cytology and tested for 37 HPV genotypes by PGMY09/11 PCR, followed by reverse hybridization in a strip with type-specific probes. HPV infection was detected in 47% (94/200) of cases. Infections with high-risk HPV types were more prevalent (77.7%; 73/94) than low-risk HPV types (22.3%; 21/94). HPV prevalence was 70.6% (12/17) among students with abnormal cytology and 45.1% (80/179) in students whit normal cervical cytology. Both in cases of normal and abnormal cytology, HPV 16 was the most common type. Analysis showed there was statistical significantly association between infection with any HPV type and the detection of cytological abnormalities (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.0–8.8). Therefore, there was no significantly association between positivity for high-risk HPV types and an abnormal cytological result (OR = 2.1; 95% IC 0.8–5.8). These data suggest that, in the population study, the risk of cervical abnormalities is higher in HPV positive cases.Item Associação entre Chlamydia trachomatis e HPV com a gravidade da neoplasia cervical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-18) Segati, Kelly Deyse; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos; Dias, Menira Borges de Lima; Valadares, Marize CamposInfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) may be associated with persistent carcinogenic HPV types and the development of cervical neoplasia. There are indications that detection of CT serum antibodies rather than DNA is a better measure of cumulative exposure to CT or of exposure occurring several years prior to the development of cervical disease. The objective of this study was to compare the positivity for CT by ELISA and PCR and to correlate with the severity of cervical neoplasia in women with abnormal cervical smear. Between February 2007 and March 2009, 136 women were referred to the colposcopy clinic at the Santa Casa de Misericordia in Goiânia-GO. HPV DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping was performed by reverse line-blot hybridization assay. CT seropositivity was tested by ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies and the detection of CT was done by PCR to amplify a sequence in the cryptic plasmid generating a fragment of 512 base pairs. The total prevalence of HPV infection was 85.2%. Seropositivity for CT was 26%. Thirty-one women 26.7 were tested positive for CT antibodies and HPV-DNA. Of these 10.3% had diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) or cervicitis, while 16.3% had histological diagnosis of CIN2 worse diagnosis. When employed PCR test positivity was found to be 8.8%. Eleven women 9.48% were tested positive for CT and HPV DNA. Of these 5.1% had diagnosis of cervicitis or CIN1 and 4.3% had a diagnosis of CIN2 or worse diagnosis. The agreement between serology and PCR tests for CT was considered poor (kappa=0.10 IC 95% 0.69-7.9). Taking as reference the cases negatives for HPV and CT, a positivity for HPV and CT seropositivity was significantly associated with a diagnosis of CIN2 or worse diagnosis, for all HPV types (OR=11.9 IC=2.00-91.5 p=0.0009) and types 16 and 18 (OR=7.50 IC=0.91-76.28 p=0.02). Significant association was observed after adjustment for HPV. A Borderline significance was observed considering other HPV types (OR=7.50 IC=0.91-76.28 p=0.02). CT seropositivity was associated with CIN2 worse diagnosis in women infected by HPV, mainly when the types 16 and 18 were involved. This study did not show any association between CT infection detected by PCR and CIN2 or worse diagnosis. These data support the hypothesis that seropositivity for CT compared to PCR positivity in HPV positive women, especially for types 16 and 18, is a better measure of previous exposure, which reflects a higher probability of association with the severity of cervical neoplasia.Item Associação entre papilomavírus humano, vaginose bacteriana e inflamação cervical e a detecção de anormalidades no exame citológico de adolescentes e mulheres jovens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-24) Caixeta, Rodrigo Cesar Assis; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4994826511439492; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; Tavares, Suelene Brito do Nascimento; Santos, Silvia Helena Rabelo dosHPV, BV and CI are common conditions in adolescents and young women. Studies have reported that BV and CI can be cofactors for the acquisition and persistence of HPV, enabling the development of cytological abnormalities precursor of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HPV, BV and IC in adolescents and young women and to verify that these conditions are associated with the detection of cytological abnormalities in cervical smears in adolescents and young women. Were included samples of sexually active patients and users of the Unified Health System (SUS) who underwent cervical screening by the conventional method. The cervical specimens were analyzed at the Center for Clinical Analysis Rômulo Rocha, Faculty of Pharmacy/UFG, by qualified professionals following strict quality control. The detection of HPV-DNA was made by PCR using pools of primers PGMY09/PGMY11. The diagnosis of BV was established from the observation of the presence of 20% or more of clue cells in cervical smears. The IC was assessed by counting the number of leukocytes in cervical smears in five noncontiguous with increased microscopic fields 1000X average, according Castle et al. (2001). Statistical analyzes with hierarchical logistic and control of confounding variables regression model were performed. The magnitude of association was estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI*) of 95%. 251 samples were included, with 54,9% (138/251) of adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years and 45,1% (113/251) of young women aged between 20 and 25 years. Positive results for cytological abnormalities accounted for 9,5% (24/251) of all cervical smears. The diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance - ASCUS) (50,0% 12/24) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion - LSIL) (29,1 % 7/24) were more frequent. The overall prevalence of HPV, BV, and CI 44,2% (111/251), 41,0% (103/251) and 83,2% (209/251), respectively. Of the variables investigated, VB (OR = 2,46 CI*: 1,26 to 3,80; p: 0,006) and the detection of abnormal cytological diagnosis (OR = 1.36 CI*: 1.07 to 1.74; p: 0.013) were associated with HPV positivity in multivariate analysis. Whereas the detection of cytological abnormalities there was a significant association with HPV and BV detected in the same patient (OR = 2,59 CI*: 1,09 to 6,20; p: 0,032) and for the detection of HPV, BV and CI together (OR = 3,58 CI*: 1,06 to 12,15; p: 0,040), however, they didn’t remain independently associated in bivariate analysis. BV and cytological abnormalities were independently associated with HPV infection in adolescents and young women. HPV, BV and CI in cervical smears can indicate high possibility to detect cytological abnormalities in adolescents and young women.Item Atividade biológica da seiva e de compostos extraídos da seiva de Hymenaea courbaril sobre leveduras e fungos filamentosos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-08) Costa, Maysa Paula da; Silva, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7119226630434725; Silva, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues; Costa, Carolina Rodrigues; Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves deSecondary metabolites that have been discovered from the plant kingdom are major sources of innovative therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. Plants have been demonstrated to present important biological activities and are considered as potential clinical application when show compatibility with the human organism. Hymenaea courbaril Linnaeus var. stilbocarpa a tree known as jatoba, presents chemicals products obtained from their leaves, stem, fruit and seeds that are used in folk medicine. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of this plant is little known. An initial screening was performed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to sap and compounds of H. courbaril against dermatophytes and Cryptococcus isolates. The sap and the compound fisetin were more active and thus they were used to determine the in vitro susceptibility against eighteen dermatophytes and twenty-six Cryptococcus isolates. The results of in vitro susceptibility assay showed antifungal activity of H. courbaril against all fungi studied. The sap of H. courbaril showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging between 32-128 μg/mL for dermatophytes and 8-256 μg/mL for complex C. neoformans yeast. The compound of H. courbaril fisetin inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and of Cryptococcus in concentration of 4-128 μg/ml, and of 8 a 128 μg/ml, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of sap and compound were performed with fibroblast 3T3-A31 by using the technique of absorption of the dye neutral red. Cytotoxicity assays showed that sap and compound have an low toxicity on these cells. The sap and the compound showed IC50 values of 109 μg/mL of 158μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study are relevant and promising because they show that the “fisetin” present a good biological activity for fungi, and is a compound biocompatible with basal cells of mammals. Products with such concentrations of MIC and IC50 can be considered of great value for further pharmacological studies.