Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG)
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Navegar
Navegando Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG) por Título
Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 90
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Agronegócio, desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade: Um estudo de caso em Rio Verde GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-12) GUIMARÃES, Gislene Margaret Avelar; RIBEIRO, Francis Lee; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1763392088652134; ECHEVERRÍA, Agustina Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5515276044247189The development has been taken as a synonymous with economic growth in most contemporary societies. Nevertheless, the emergence of social problems, ecological and economic ones has also shown the inadequacy of this conception. In this context, the idea of sustainable development emerges as a way to reconcile economic growth, social justice and ecological prudence, covering different theoretical and ideological positions and configuring a field of dispute about how to understand- taking in social practices - the development and the sustainability. The present work analyzed the development of agribusiness in Rio Verde (Goias, Brazil) related with social and ecological dimensions, mediated by the institutional dimension. The results obtained from research and application of the Delphi Panel on Sustainability for temporal analysis of sustainable development indices in the municipality indicate the growth of agribusiness has contributed to improvements in living conditions of the population, but has brought negative impacts to environment. Also indicates the changes in production systems, due to social and institutional pressures, that can result in a development model more sustainable.Item Água: qualidade, interações ambientais e implicações socioeconômicas no estudo de caso do Lago dos Tigres (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-07) Oliveira, Juliano Eduardo de; Aguiar, Maria do Amparo Albuquerque; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho; Bernardes, Marcelo Corrêa; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Miziara, FaustoThe process of expansion and occupation of Goiás was based on farming practices. The municipality of Britain emerges in this context of agrarian expansion, in which the land is located where the city were bought and sold as small rural. The city has much of its economy facing livestock, however other activity has been increasing in the region such as tourism, which attracts hundreds of people there due to the Lago dos Tigres. The lake is the main postcard of the region, possessing 24km long and being located in the basins of the rivers Araguaia-Tocantins, this lake is formed by the meeting of the waters of the Rivers and Clean Water Red and that, combined with the local geography form a valley blocked. The lake has over time shown signs of environmental degradation due to the way the two main economic activities of the municipality using its resources. For this reason, the objectives of this study were: to survey, the main socioeconomic characteristics of the city, establishing the main income-generating activities in the region and see how these activities can impact upon quality of life of the local population and water quality lake. Also we made a characterization of the spatial evolution of the use and occupation of land in the county between the years 1988.1998 and 2009, in order to check how busy it was and how soil surrounding the Lake of the Tigers, was also verified how of land in the watershed may be interfering with the dynamics and interaction of phytoplankton communities and ficoperifíticas littorallimnetic gradient in the lake, as well as to analyze the influence of the hydrological cycle on these communities. The socioeconomic characteristics of the municipality of Britain was made with secondary data concerning agriculture, livestock, tourism, demographics, social and cultural region in the last ten years. Specific data on the region's economic development and the importance of the lake to the population were made through questionnaires. An Index of Sustainable Development for Municipalities (IDSM) was used to assess levels of sustainability in the region. The results highlighted the importance of the lake for the Tigers has the city's economy and for local people and how these activities are interfering with the water quality of the lake and in the diversity of species of algae that are the base of the food chain in aquatic system. The study found that deforestation in the region is endangering the Lake of the Tigers, and that this presents a direct relationship between man and water, harming the quality of life of people living in Britain. The reflection of local environmental change is reflected in the trophic status of the oligotrophic lake that already features indicative of transition to mesotrofia. The communities ficológicas not yet had major changes in its structure with significance. However, in recent years with morphological changes of the lake changes occurred in some aspects limnóligicos and this occurred with the rise of cyanobacteria at the site, indicating possible disturbances that may affect the water quality of the lake.Item Alterações antropogênicas e seu efeito sobre a comunidade de heteroptera (gerromorpha)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-27) Silva, Karina Dias da; Marco Junior, Paulo De; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723007A6There are large gaps in knowledge about the identity of species 21 (Linnean shortfall) and their spatial distribution (Wallacean shortfall). These gaps are 22 especially of particular concern in least developed countries in tropical regions which 23 harbor great species diversity but still lack of investments in conservation. In addition, 24 these regions are important areas for agricultural production, making the ignorance even 25 more worrying for conservation. Our objective was to analyze the temporal dynamics of 26 scientific literature on aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera, adressing questions related 27 to gaps of knowledge in this taxonomic group in Brazil and South America. Researches 28 focused on Heteroptera have been advancing in the last years, but much remains to 29 bedone. Especially for countries like Brazil, which lacks of satisfactory knowledge 30 about its fauna and its spatial/environmental relationships, especially in difficult access 31 areas and also in areas that have little or no one qualified researcher.Item Análise da Sustentabilidade Ambiental em Estabelecimentos Agrícolas em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-06-18) ALVES, Luiz Batista; MIZIARA, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; BASTOS, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990In this work are presented and discussed other forms of studies related to analysis of environmental sustainability with the use of methods that permit the human environment to demonstrate its environmental impacts on rural properties in the town of Silvânia, State of Goiás. The choice of the municipality of Silvânia occurred because of present permanent preservation areas susceptible to exploitation by various activities in the city, allowing checking the environmental sustainability in land reform settlements in comparison with other rural property. The Project for Sustainable Development (PDS), established in 1999 comes meet the new brazilian environmental laws, seeking the durability and perpetuity of the settlements (family farm) in order to provide less environmental impact. On the other hand, has been observed that in large farms (agricultural employer) occurs deforestation to expand the area explored, giving rise to a particular crop, in seeking increases in production. Studies have shown the link between deforestation and biodiversity conservation consequences that hinder sustainable development. Still, the methodology of the indices applied to the settlement of São Sebastião da Garganta and João de Deus, the results showed considerable levels of sustainability. Analyzing the settlements in comparison with the Farm Silvânia through satellite images, it appears that the agrarian reform, there were minor differences of deforestation between periods and a greater difference occurred in the Farm Silvânia as favoring extensive livestock farming. But we can not say that the settlements have a higher level of environmental sustainability, where by means of observation of annual averages, there are almost identical proportions of deforestation, and that the settlements, deforestation occurred in a more fragmented than in Farm Silvânia and may cause a greater reduction of species in the environment, reducing the potential for environmental sustainability. Finally, the results may serve as guidance in formulating environmental policy to keep families in agrarian reform settlements, contributing to sustainable development of rural properties in the region, coupled with supervision to allow continuity in the production process in a sustainable manner.Item Análise físico-química e ecotoxicológica de combustíveis obtidos a partir do craqueamento termo-catalítico de polímeros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) TAVARES, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira; ANTONIOSI FILHO, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454The present paper describes the theoretical reference for the study of the polymeric thermal catalytic cracking. A review on these type of materials it was accomplished, beginning for an introduction on new sources of alternative energy. Recycling plastics used as alternative sources fuels was evaluated under the environmental and point of view physical -chemical..The studies permitted validate the developed methodology in the research.. Ecotoxicology was used as a fundamental tool to evaluate the toxicity levels of alternative fuels sources, and the obtained levels was compared to the thoroughly used fuels, such as diesel and gasoline. And the Histology studies generated in the ecotoxicology analyses, was used as a supporting tool to obtain the conclusions.Item Aproveitamento de filer de pedreiras da região metropolitana de Goiânia em pavimentos flexíveis urbanos [manuscrito]: avaliação técnica e sócio-ambiental(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-11-27) LUZ, Marta Pereira da; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417The generation of industrial waste has been the object of increasing attention in the field of Science and Technology because of the problems which arise when it is stored and inadequately disposed of. This can have negative consequences for the worker, the company and for the neighboring population. In addition it can generate liabilities for the environment. Measures which internalize such liabilities for the productive system are necessary, but not sufficient to bring about large scale changes in what concerns the sustainable management of solid waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technical and participative solutions. Technical solutions would make it viable to reuse or reduce the generation of waste, while participative solutions would reduce the negative consequences for communities and bodies who directly or indirectly are part of this process. In this context, waste from the quarrying of crushed stone was studied in the metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Quarrying is an important source of resources for the economic development of the region but it is also a great generator of solid waste. The research began with the physical and chemical characterization of filler, which forms the greatest volume of solid waste, resulting from quarrying and focused on its general effects on health. It also evaluated how the workers in these companies relate to the environmental issue in this context in which they live. A survey with questions was distributed and from the answers it could be concluded that the profile of these workers is extremely lacking in information which would provide them with information to deal with legal aspects directly related to their activity. Furthermore, it could be seen that specific methodologies in Environmental Education are needed to attend to these cases. It was also detected that the accumulation of filler can be harmful to society in terms of health. This is because of its physical and chemical characteristics, and in particular its considerable concentration of silica. These facts justify the need to find a technical solution to reduce the quantity of this waste. Hence it was decided to test different blends of natural soil and filler, using laboratory tests based on soil mechanics, with a view to investigating the possibility of using filler in road pavement, as it absorbs enormous quantities of material in its constituent layers and has attracted the attention of researchers in an effort to find new alternative uses for the different types of industrial waste. At this phase, tests were carried out for characterization, CBR, dynamic triaxial tests, permeability, compressive strength using varied quantities of lateritic clay soil as filler. From the results of these tests it was possible to claim that proportions of 30% filler added to compacted soil with modified energy and 20% filler added to compacted soil with intermediate energy can be used for base and sub base purposes, respectively, in flexible urban pavements with light traffic. The result of the resilience module points to the need for prudence in the use of filler, as repeated loads of filler in the test showed that the samples which were most appropriate in the CBR Statistical Test can undergo processes leading to a loss of mechanical resistance. After deciding in the laboratory on the most appropriate proportions of soil-filler for use in pavements, an experimental track was built using this material. An analysis of its behavior was done using the following field tests: sand flagon test, speedy, dynamic cone penetration, loading plate and Benkelman beam. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained from a track built in the same location with soil-crushed rock and lateritic gravel, both considered conventional material. It could be concluded that the mechanical behavior of the experimental track built with soil-filler blends are adequate for the conditions established by the technical norm in force up until the moment they were monitored, since its mechanical behavior is comparable to that obtained when using conventional materialsItem Aptidão agrícola, mudanças de usos dos solos, conflitos e impactos diretos e indiretos da expansão da cana-de-açúcar na região sudoeste goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-30) Trindade, Silas Pereira; Coutinho, Heitor; Castro, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417During the last 40 years, Cerrado in Goiás crossed to big changes of land use associated with the Green Revolution and the Agriculture Modernization. These modifications were based on grains production, cattle raising, in minor scale, sugar cane production. Goiás Sowth-west Planning Region (RPSG) was a great notability in this scenery that, since 1980 decade, because your elevated agricultural aptness, turned great objective of Agroindustrial complexes, grains and meat and, more recently, of sugar cane. Recently, the sugar cane sector retakes your expansion starting a new phase in 2004, extending from the same anterior surface from east, where more able soils dominated. Since this, a strong and fast expansion has been realized in this route, reaching the RPSG extreme west in 2008. The present thesis objective to recognize the special standard in these two sugar cane expansion phases in RPSG, between 1985 and 2013 and identify your relations with the lands use changes and with the agricultural aptness classes, for presenting the particular spatial standards of sugar cane expansion and having uses conflicts discrepancy indicators. It was used remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, specially SIG, for the mapping of environmental characteristics, agricultural aptness and uses and soil uses conflicts, in historic succession of representative five years of use changes and sugar cane expansion; they were 1985 and 1995 in the first phase, and 2005, 2010 and 2013 in the second phase. The cartography results were submitted on statistic analyze ANOVA Fatorial and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The results showed that the recent sugar cane expansion presented two spatial standards: the first, until 2005, in surfaces with more agricultural aptness, before with grains culture; the second, since 2005, in moderately or very fragile soils zones, able for natural pastures or recommended for flora e fauna conservation. It still revealed that sugar cane expansion reprises the agroexporting model, this time including the national market of ethanol consumption, however, in two successive itineraries: the first, that represents the itinerary resulting of spatial selectivity irradiated type, also practiced in Agricultural Frontier expansion (1970-80), looking for more able soils to cultivates with high technology level and taking advantage of structure, specially the logistic. The second, after 2005, that runs away this standard and goes to the extreme west of region, upon less able soils, in general sandy soils, with elevated erodibility, little fertility and cohesion, named fragile soils, with pasture and Cerrado’s reminders. It discusses that this process caused direct and indirect impacts in successions of covering/cane and pasture/cane, respectively, in consequence of deforestation, upon areas with moderated or elevated use discrepancy in respect to agricultural aptness. It concludes that the sugar cane expansion is occurring in RPSG for spatial irradiated selectivity, expanding upon the best lands (1960-80 in the east) and, before, 2005, for diffusion, in dispersed spots on direction to extreme west upon less able lands with fragile soils. In the first, the impacts were directs, by reconversion grains/cane; in the second, it were directs (like the first, added for pasture/cane and remaining/cane) and indirects (grains/pasture, remaining/pasture) also associated to the remaining deforestation. It was noted that the privation/insufficiency of regulatory marks for sugar cane expansion and planning and environmental govern in levels of state and region, favoring pressure upon natural resources and the installation of environmental (un)sustentability sceneries.Item Arcabouço gravimétrico brasileiro e o meio ambiente: possibilidades e perspectivas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-30) Castro Júnior, Carlos Alberto Corrêa e; Magna Júnior, João Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2244138684381538; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Matos, Ana Cristina Oliveira Cancoro de; Blitzkow, Denizar; Guimarães, Gabriel do NascimentoGeodesy, one of the strands that compose the Geosciences, deals with the study of Earth’s gravity shape, dimensions and field, besides providing the reference infrastructure for social and economic development throughout the planet In Brazil, the geodetic infrastructure has been developed over time through the implementation of high precision planialtimetric and gravimetric networks. In recent years, Geodesy has relied on satellite technologies to provide fast, precise and accurate positioning that allows considering the movements and deformations of global lithospheric plates. This thesis refers to the synergy between the national geodetic infrastructure and some current environmental issues. Thus, besides exploring Geodesy minutiae, the first objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that, in the most developed regions of Brazil, the gravimetric network acts as a consolidated infrastructure for the implementation of other Engineering infrastructures; on the other hand, in regions that are less developed and difficult to access, gravimetric networks evolve as infrastructure demands arise. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the analysis of Brazilian gravimetric network distribution and its spatial and statistical relation to the Human Development Index and the population distribution. The results confirmed that in Brazil there is an correlation between spatial coverage of the gravimetric network and the Human Development Index. In the North region there is a deficiency in gravimetric network coverage, explained by precarious socioeconomic development, access difficulties, and large tracts of protected land. The obtained results also demonstrated that the national geoidal model resultant from gravimetric network MAPGEO2015 serves 89.72% of Brazilian population. Another evaluated hypothesis is that due to the large proportion of Brazilian hydrographic regions and to the number of installed active stations of SIRGAS network in part of the national territory, the association between SIRGAS stations altimetric data and the amount of water stored underground, detected by GRACE satellite system, occurs precariously. The evaluation of this hypothesis involved the correlation between altitude variation data from SIRGAS active stations and GRACE satellite system data. The results confirmed that in some of Brazilian hydrographic regions a statistical correlation was found between the altimetric variation of SIRGAS network and GRACE data. The results suggest that densification of active stations network can provide a hydrological monitoring system of fundamental importance in extreme climatic events, such as those that produce water supply crises or floods. In this work, a new geoidal model for state of Goiás, MODGEO-GO, was also proposed, based on new in loco surveys that led to a densification of Goiás gravimetric network. MODGEO-GO can assist more effectively planning and implementing major infrastructure works necessary for Goiás development. Finally, the global interpolation model with local effect, called Thin Plate Spline, was evaluated with MAPGEO2105 data. The results showed great potential of this interpolator, which can be adopted in future modeling of geoidal surfaces in Brazil.Item Avaliação da área queimadas no bioma cerrado: proposições para o monitoramento e conversação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-03) Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; Ferreira Junior, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055Fire is an important ecological and environmental disturbance phenomenon in the Cerrado biome, which is influenced by climatic, ecological, cultural and economic factors. Burning biomass promotes change in the structure and composition of the soil, accelerates the erosion and sedimentation processes, promotes seed germination, renewal of grasses and releases large amounts of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. This research seeks to understand the location patterns and the recurrence of burned areas to the Cerrado biome according to their different geographical regions from the land cover and land use class, and climatic variables. In particular, we evaluated quantitatively the performance of the MODIS MCD45A1 product for the Cerrado biome, in accordance with the different land use and land cover classes depending on the landscape, using as reference 130 randomly selected burned area polygons, and four randomly selected medium resolution orbital images, both from the month of September. In addition, we analyzed the burned areas spatial and temporal patterns in Brazil, considering both the territorial limits of the six biomes (i.e. Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa and Pantanal) and their main land cover and land use classes (PROBIO MMA). At last, for burned areas greater than 2 km², we evaluated their patterns (spatial and temporal) and frequency of recurrence (burned areas that intersect more than 50%), as well as their interanual and seasonal climatic variations from vegetation index (EVI), precipitation (TRMM) and evapotranspiration (MOD16) images. These images were analyzed in association with the four groups of recurrence (burned areas with recurrence every four years) to determine the different burning regimes and the pre and post burning vegetation responses. The MCD45A1 polygons (September) had good relationship with the reference mapping (Landsat base) (r² = 0.92) and also with the hotspots (MOD14 and MYD14 - monthly data) (r² = 0.89). The omission error found is high, but this is associated with landscape structure patterns, as found for the four reference images. The Product MCD45A1 even with spatial and temporal limitations promotes temporal mapping consistency and provides understanding the behavior and impacts of the burned on the Cerrado landscape. Among the Brazilian biomes, Cerrado is the one with the highest record of fires between 2002 and 2010 (73%), followed by Amazon (14%), while 81% of the records of the burned areas occur on the remnant vegetation cover class. The records of the burning recurrences in the Cerrado focus on the remnant class, 59% whereas the frequency of recurrence presented a higher proportion up to 3 times for the period 2000-2013. For the four groups of recurrences analyzed after the first fire record, 2002, the vegetative vigor records declines, especially after 2010, on average 4% for the remnant classes and 3.5% for the anthropogenic. The minimum distance between the fragments presents that 42% of recurrences analyzed are between 1-2 kilometers, providing greatest spatial concentration.Item Avaliação da qualidade de água de captação e saneamento ambiental em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-28) Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Miaza, Fausto; Formiga, Kleber Teodomiro Martins; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija deIt´s known that part of the world illnesses are avoidable and this factor helps improving the management of the water resources ,drinking water supplying, sanitation and hygiene. The global importance of these interventions was recognized in the Milleniun Development Objective (MDO), and it means half reduction of the proportion of people that do not have access to drinking water and basic sanitation concerning the period from 1990 to 2015. This way, knowing and identifying the hydrographic bays panorama in the state of Goiás is essential so for the development of strategies and implementation of programs in order to have improvements on the infra-structure and consequently in sanitation and health. To achieve this aim, indexes that bring information about the hydrographic bays situation were built up and they are related to two aspects: water quality and environmental health focusing sanitation. The indexes construction process envolved a series of decisions as well as an integrated environmental conception and consequently an interdisciplinarian approach that considered the environmental, demographic, behavioural, cultural and socioeconomical issues. Relaying the Water Quality Index (WQIpca)elaboration, multifactorial statistics and the methods of least ordinary squares, were used and the index was applied in 180 sample points in the Goias state waters which were monthly evaluated in the period from 2005 to 2009. Observering the analysis, it´s possible to point out that there is a strong relation among the areas that have the higher index of remanescent and the municipalities that have higher water quality index (WQIpca); it means better water quality. It´s also added that in relation to all of the years analysed, there is improvement in the water quality in the period of droughts. The revealed index was characterized as robust and it can also be applied for some other Brazilian rivers. Considering the construction of the environmental health index, focusing sanitation, the FPSEEA model (motriz force, pressure, state, exposition, effect and action) was applied and the same model structured the IGLOBAL index and it was the basis for the variables choice (totalizing 27 indicators) that represent the environmental, sanitation and public health changes. Relaying the definition of weights that would compose the index, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. In terms of the verification of the robustness index and indicators´ sensibility, fours indexes were calculated, and equal weights and indicators rates as well as calculated weights, using multivariable statistics were applied. It´s also mentioned that for each of these situations, two padronizations were used: on the first one, the values represent zero as average and padronized deviation as being one; on the second padronization, the indicators have maximum value as one and minimum value as zero. So for checking the sensibility of the indicators, some indexes were calculated, considering the possibility of information absence. It means the elimination of one indicator. Finally, it was observed that the proposed index is robust, it has a good response and it also makes a large and integrated vision of the health, environmental hydrographic bays conditions.Item Avaliação da variabilidade de qualidade ambiental de bacias de mananciais de abastecimento público com a aplicação de um índice para o estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Cruvinel, Karla Alcione da Silva; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4796877Z9; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794125T3The need for environmental preservation and responsible use of natural resources is something increasingly discussed between civil society and the scientific community and the need to monitor the environmental quality of areas such as river basins requires planning and choice of variables that help in understanding functionality of these systems. In addition, the index and indicators are presented as efficient tools in order to make them more easily visualized technical data. In this study, socioeconomic and environmental indicators were used in order to structure an index able to estimate the degree of environmental quality of the watershed. The Environmental basins Quality Index (EQI) was built from the variables Soil Loss (SL), Native Vegetation Index (NVI), Water Quality Index (WQI) and Municipal Development Index (MDI). The GIS was used to identify the NVI and loss of soil in the basin, and for the latter employed Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It was applied still Soil and Water Assessment Tool software (SWAT) in soil loss prediction five basins studied in order to promote the direct comparison of the model front applicability of the method implemented USLE. We studied different scenarios in these same five basins in SWAT, which we sought to evaluate the influence of vegetation in sediment yield for different land cover scenarios. To obtain the WQI of each basin, we used the adaptation of the method developed by Sousa (2014). After that, the EQI was applied in 126 basins of supply water sources in Goias State, which enabled the identification of the degree of environmental quality of each. It was found that almost 85% of the studied basins are classified as very bad or bad EQI, and in almost all of these the WQI of the spring is also bad. By analyzing the EQI basins in ten different regions of Goias State Planning it was noted that average is best in the Northwest region, which also has better native state of vegetation index. Regarding the loss of soil, it is noted that most of the basins (64%) are classified in low and moderate erosive susceptibility, but with some in erosive susceptibility very high severe. Therefore, it was concluded that the methodology used in this study proved to be an effective management strategy for catchments and can be used as an environmental planning instrument in these areas.Item Bacia do rio Pomba (MG): uso e ocupação do solo e impactos ambientais nos recursos hídricos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-21) Silva, Roselir Ribeiro; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; Jardim, Fernando Antônio; Souza, Maurício NovaesThe impacts of anthropogenic activities change the water quality of a river basin. In the Pomba river basin (MG/RJ), encompassing an area of 8.544 km², pastures are the predominant ground cover and, among the 618,418 inhabitants, 86.3% live in cities or towns. The present study aimed to assess and characterize the possible negative environmental impacts on the Pomba river basin as well as to select environmental variables that describe and are important for the determination of these impacts. Therefore, this thesis was divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem of the river basin was presented, based on limnological, sanitary, and biotic data, as well as on the relationship with the main anthropogenic activities in the basin, using spatial distribution in the dry season and temporal distribution in the sampling points in the rainy season. For the purposes of this study, the Pomba river basin was divided into four sub-basins, and 46 water samples were collected in the dry season and 21 in the rainy season. It was evidenced that the water quality was more critical in the dry season. Environmental (n = 3) and limnological (n = 24) variables considered important for water quality were selected based on PCA. As a result, the variables dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, and BOD were significant to evaluate the water quality of the basin. Also, chlorophyll a and pheophytin a were significant in the dry season and turbidity in the rainy season. In the secund chapter, the goal was to verify how the land use interferes with the quality of water. The types of land use (n = 10) and limnological variables (n = 18) analyzed in the dry and rainy seasons, in the 21 sampling points, were ordered using the principal component analysis (PCA). The classification of land use was carried out using the satellite LandSat 8 images. Higher water quality deterioration was registered in more urbanized areas and in areas with pastures. In the third chapter, the importance of the effluents from dairy industries was simulated and it was verified how this economic activity affects the water quality. To achieve this goal, the physical, chemical, and microbiological variables of the effluents from five dairy industries were analyzed, and the dynamics of a water body in which the effluent was disposed was simulated. It was evidenced that a part of the effluents from the dairy industries was disposed on water bodies without any treatment, whereas the other part was not efficiently treated prior to disposal. Regarding the simulation, it was concluded that, in order not to alter the conditions for water use downstream, the efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reduction of the effluents should be of at least 60%. At the end of this study, it was concluded that the situation along the Pomba river basin, due to the impacts on both the scenario and the water, is critical in the regions of the Xopotó river sub-basin, das Posses stream, and Feijão Cru stream. The quality of the water in low discharge rivers and downstream of municipalities is more affected. Although some tributaries of the Pomba river also presented critical characteristics, their self purification is still taking place when they flow into the main river bed. The different types of land use were the main causes of impact on the quality of river water, especially the domestic sewage from urban areas in the dry season, as well as the lack of soil conservation and inappropriate management in the rainy season.Item Biodiversidade e padrões de distribuição da anurofauna do Parque nacional das emas e entorno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-30) KOPP, Katia A; BASTOS, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990Composition and diversity of anuran amphibians in preserved and disturbed environments in the Cerrado of the State of Goiás, Mid-West Brazil. The Cerrado is the second largest biome of Brazil, with an approximate area of 2 million km², which represents about 23% of the total area of the country. Despite the high conversion of natural areas of the Cerrado in agricultural areas and pastures, comparative studies that address aspects of the composition and diversity of frogs from adjacent areas in different states of conservation are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to address taxonomic richness and community composition of anuran amphibians in twelve water bodies located in preserved areas (inside the National Park of Emas - PNE) and disturbed areas located around the PNE to test whether the structure of frogs communities is different in preserved and disturbed areas and whether species richness is correlated with descriptors of the heterogeneity of habitats. Were recorded 25 species of frogs belonging to nine genera of five families in the 12 water bodies sampled. Species richness was higher in disturbed than in preserved areas. Diversity and equitability were significantly higher in preserved water bodies (P <0.05) while dominance was higher in disturbed water bodies. An analysis of percentage of similarity (SIMPER) showed that the percentage of dissimilarity between the compared groups was 52.26%. The analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed significant results on differentiation between groups (Global R = 0.17, P = 0.04). Species richness was not related to any descriptor of heterogeneity. Geographic distance was related to species composition between sampled water bodies (r = -0.35, p = 0.01). At least two non-exclusive factors may be responsible for patterns of species composition and diversity of frogs found in the environments studied: a) the disturbance caused by human action in the use of natural areas for agriculture and livestock enables greater richness of species in disturbed areas, which is consistent with the hypothesis of intermediate disturbance, b) the migration between adjacent ponds allows the maintenance of communities and patterns of species composition. Thus, although species richness was lower in preserved water bodies, the highest diversity recorded in such habitats demonstrates their importance for the maintenance of community integrity and viable frogs populationsItem Capacidade de interceptação pelas árvores e suas influências no escoamento superficial urbano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-16) Alves, Patrícia Layne; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Alves, Patrícia Layne; Barbassa, Ademir PaceliProblems related to water, in the urban environment, have drawn attention in the face of the problem caused by its lack and/or excess. Among this backdrop there is the tumultuous occupation of urban space that combined with the suppression of soil coverage and vegetation leads to the urban runoff higher volume, pollution and shorter time to peak discharge. In this context, the benefits of urban afforestation are present, which besides the aesthetic value added to space, set up physical barriers to stormwater, favoring its retention, storage and infiltration into the soil. This study aims to evaluate the capacity of rainfall interception treetops the some species, reduce the volume of urban runoff, slow the flow peaks, as well as to expand the attention span of an urban watershed. The research was field experiments with recurrent arboreal species in the urban afforestation of Uruaçu, Goiás, using pluviographs, trunk collectors and water level sensor. From the use of interception parameters determined in this study, computer simulations using the Storm Water Management Model Model (SWMM) were performed, starting from the proposition of scenarios with different types of territorial installment associated with the Low Impact Development practices (LID) and urban forestry. During the data collection period 2012/2013, the rainfall events had a median of accumulated rainfall of 16.7mm. During this period, the median values of interception were Mangifera indica - 8.0mm; Pachira aquatica - 7.4mm; Licania tomentosa - 7.2mm; and Caesalpinia peltophoroides - 4.8mm. The period of data collection relating to 2013/2014, the median precipitation of rainfall events were 20.7mm, and the median values for interception and stemflow were respectively: 5.7mm and 0.1mm for Mangifera indica; 4.5mm and 0.2mm for Licania tomentosa; and 3.8mm and 0.3mm for Tabebuia ochracea. The delay at the start of average rains caused by tree species was 3min. The presence of individual trees afforded a median delay in the peak time of 3 min, a reduction of the peak flow of 0.8 mm/min and runoff of 4.7mm/min. Through simulations with the scenario where the wooded urban planning aggregated all LID techniques employed in this study, it was possible to achieve a reduction in peak flows in 3.42m³ / s, compared to conventional design; allowing storage of a volume of water in 4470.59m³ local infiltration proposed structures; and delay the peak flows of up to 6 min. This thesis confirms the interference of the individual characteristics of the species in the rain interception capability by their canopies and reducing runoff, highlighting the need for careful definition of the species that make up the urban forestry; testifies the existence of variations in interceptions in relation to rainfall events and during their occurrence; as well as quantitative data points precipitate volume reduction and drained by the tree individual presence in urban areas. Their research shows that, alone, afforestation and LID techniques cause little reduction in volume and flow and little delay in time to peak flow, while combined contribute significantly to drainage. This study differs from the use of recording rain gauges and linígrados for the measurement of precipitation and runoff directly under the canopy of individual trees in an urban environment; and adds to SWMM the insertion of arboreal benefits in hydrological simulation.Item Capacidade de suporte de cursos d’água urbanos sob a perspectiva técnica e epistemológica da engenharia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-20) Rios, Fernanda Posch; Echeverría, Agustina Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5515276044247189; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970The study began with a technical approach to the development of a methodology to determine the support capacity of urban streams exposed to erosion, based on the identification of the maximum limit flow, without the channel overflowing, as determining factor of drag stress and of processes of production, transport and deposition of sediments. During the first field work stage, we defined a longitudinal section of the Samambaia Stream, located in the city of Goiânia, Goiás State Capital, Brazil, to collect soil samples, perform infiltration tests and monitor the level of variation water, with the HOBO U20 equipment. The laboratory stage consisted of testing of physical characterization of soil and runoff simulation using the Inderbitzen apparatus, to determine sediment production rate. The information obtained in these two phases, together with the data coming from the bathymetric surveys of the cross sections and the topographic survey of margins and of the adjacent areas of said channel have been used as input parameters for the simulation performed with the use of the 1D model Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), version 4.1, in order to know the support capacity of the Samambaia stream. Then was included in the research problem, an argument involving the social and environmental impacts caused by the activities of Civil Engineering, performing an epistemological reflection, extrapolating the focus exclusively technical, to the assimilation of new insights into the interactions between the Civil Engineer and nature, looking for evidence of a possible change to a paradigm that will contribute to the reduction of urban environmental vulnerability. Thus, qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with sample composed by by professionals working in the Engineering Civil and at the same time, teachers of federal institutions of higher education, forming new professionals in this area. Data analysis was referenced, especially in the works of Thomas Kuhn and also used the software Web Qualitative Data Analysis (WebQDA), by favoring the structuring and the categorization process. The results indicated that the current model adopted by the Civil Engineering is unable to simultaneously meet the expectation of the population, in relation to better living conditions in urban areas, and respond positively to social and environmental challenges. Up until today, conflicts in face of these challenges, constitute indicators of the appearing of anomalies, however, there isn’t a setup for a paradigmatic crisis.Item Caracterização biofísica e potencial à intensificação sustentável da pecuária brasileira em pastagens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-18) Arantes, Arielle Elias; Ferreira Junior, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Silva, Elaine Barbosa da; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Miziara, Fausto; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Ferreira, Laerte GuimarãesCattle ranching is the main land use activity in Brazil, with about 175 million hectares of cultivated pasture, with at least 50% of these being with some degree of degradation. Degraded pastures present low biomass production of little nutritional value, which leads to low animal weight gain in the rainy season and loss of weight in the dry season. Due to its low productive efficiency, if these areas were identified and recovered, they could be intensified, freeing pasture areas for other uses. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the pasture vigor and the potential livestock intensification for Brazil. In order to obtain the vigor and productivity of Brazilian pastures, a Pasture Strength Index (PVI) was generated by integrating the α (intercept) and β (slope) coefficients, derived from the linear regression of the vegetation index (NDVI) over time (2000 to 2017). Pastures with low PVI values were located throughout the Caatinga biome, in the MATOPIBA region of the Cerrado biome, in the eastern portion of Mato Grosso do Sul, southeastern of Mato Grosso and northwestern of Goiás. These areas are associated to regions of higher water deficit, as shown by the relationship between the PVI and the total annual precipitation (R² = 0.40) and evapotranspiration. For the Cerrado biome, the PVI showed high spatial correspondence with the green biomass and percent green cover. Green biomass and percent green cover were generated from extrapolation of field data to the spatial resolution of MODIS images. The areas with lower PVI values in the Cerrado biome also had lower green biomass (< 6000 kg ha-1 ) and percent green cover (< 47%) during the growing season. Considering the accumulated green biomass in the growing season, it was observed that the Cerrado’s cattle stocking rate could increase from 1.11 AU ha-1 (real cattle stocking rate) to 2.56 AU ha-1 (potential cattle stocking rate). The real cattle stocking rate in 2015 was generated through the integration of the 2006 Livestock Census data with the Livestock Production data for the year 2015. The potential cattle stocking rate was obtained from the relationship between the forage production (green biomass and gross primary productivity - GPP) and the forage demand of one animal unit (1 AU = 450 kg). The potential of intensification was determined from the difference between the actual and the potential cattle stocking rates. For all of Brazil, the cattle stocking rate in 2015 was 0.97 AU ha-1 , reaching a potential of 3.60 AU ha-1 , that is, the potential for intensification was 2.63 AU ha-1 . The greatest potential of intensification occurred in the South region (3.62 AU ha-1 ), and the lowest in the North (2.13 AU ha-1 ) and Northeast (2.22 AU ha-1 ) regions of Brazil.Item Caracterização ecossistêmica e funcional das pastagens brasileiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-08) Santos, Claudinei Oliveira dos; Pinto, Alexandre de Siqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6624723278135170; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; Costa Junior, Ciniro; Assad, Eduardo Delgado; Ramos Neto, Mario Barroso; Bustamante, Mercedes Maria da CunhaLivestock activity occupies ~67% of the global area used for agricultural activity, being directly related to important issues for humanity such as food security and the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions - GHG. In Brazil, the sixth largest emitter of GHG, land use and land cover activity is the main source of emissions. Considering that most of the pastures in Brazil present some level of degradation, in these areas there is a great opportunity to mitigate GHG emissions. In this study, three important aspects of this land use class are analyzed: The influence of climatic seasonality on biomass and on the spectral response of pasture areas at different spatial scales; The potential of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained by remote sensing for the mapping of pasture quality, and analysis of spatial patterns in national scale; And estimates of carbon stock in soil and aboveground biomass of pastures in the Cerrado biome, using models based on ecosystem processes. We observed that annual mean and variation of biomass stocks varied with spatial scale, and there were no significant differences in these stocks during the dry and rainy seasons due to grazing management strategies. The NDVI had low potential to predict the biomass stock of pastures in the evaluated areas, on the other hand, the potential as an pasture vigor indicator was high, showing a significant linear relation with the living/dead biomass ratio, especially in non-degraded pastures. The temporal pattern of the NDVI varied depending on the quality of the pasture and the spatial scale analyzed, indicating that it is not possible to establish single thresholds to map the condition of pastures in large areas like the Brazilian territory. From the mapping of pasture quality, it was possible to analyze their spatiotemporal dynamics. In this analysis, we identified an improvement in the brazilian pasture quality, with the area of gain quality being 2.7 times larger than the area of lost quality. The results correspond to the patterns observed in the literature and to the incentives for the recovery of pastures through programs such as the ABC Plan. The modeling of the dynamics and estimates of carbon stocks in the pasture areas of the Cerrado biome using the Century model, with the parameters adjusted to simulate the conventional pasture management in the biome, confirmed the versatility and robustness of the model, being effective in estimate carbon stocks in this areas, adequately reproducing the characteristic spatial patterns of seasonal influence in the Cerrado biome. In this sense, we believe that the results achieved through this study can contribute to a better characterization and understanding of pastures in Brazil.Item Caracterização física, estrutural e da diversidade floristica de fragmentos florestais na alta bacia do Rio Araguaia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-25) CABACINHA, Christian Dias; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417The upper Araguaia river basin region has been transformed by rapid and intensive human occupation processes that began in the 1970s, and now the landscape is highly fragmented. Remnant forests are surrounded by cotton and soybean plantations and pasture. They continue to be subjected to degradation and little is known about their ecological integrity. The objective of this research is increase knowledge of the remnant forest flora and provide support for public conservation and recovery policies for these remnant forests. This research consists of four chapters. The first chapter assessed fragmentation patterns under the assumption that intensive land occupation and agriculture compromised landscape structure and forest conservation in the basin. The second chapter assessed whether remnant forest tree size class structure differed from undegraded forests. The third chapter investigated whether forest remnants situated in close proximity to Emas National Park and incorporated into The Emas-Pantanal Biodiversity Corridor had higher species diversity than other remnants. The fourth chapter showed that species diversity was correlated with and vegetation indices obtained from satellite images, due to the indices sensitivity to changes in vegetation structure. These indices could be used in the future to highlight priority areas for conservation and in devising recovery policies. The major conclusions of this research are that the ecological integrity of remnant forests in the Upper Araguaia River Basin is compromised, predominantly due to lack of connectivity between the fragments and continuing exposure to degradation processes including tree felling and cattle grazing. Tree species diversity is high in these fragments, however, and species composition is dominated by small diameter early successional species. This research also established that vegetation indices obtained from satellite images, is a powerful tool in remnant forest species diversity modelling and can be used as a tool for environmental planning in areas under strong antropic pressure. This information is relevant to other degraded river basins in the Cerrado region. This research contributes to improved knowledge of the rich diversity of Brazilian forests and recognition that this diversity is threatened, particularly in the Upper Araguaia River basin, southwest of Goias State.Item Chrysomelidae (insecta/coleoptera) como biondicadores de qualidade ambiental em áreas de Cerrado no estado de Goiás -Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-18) PIMENTA, Mayra; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648Knowledge of the composition of natural communities and their responses to anthropogenic alterations is essential for determining the conservation status of a given system and prioritizing management actions. Anthropogenic impacts could cause a reduction in biodiversity not only due to habitat loss, but also due the loss of habitat heterogeneity across given landscape, especially in systems characterized by a mosaic of different elements (e.g. the Cerrado vegetation in central Brazil). Here we evaluate leaf beetle Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae) as bioindicators in a system whith varying intensities of human impacts and different phyto-physionomies (from open field to forests). We collected 1117 leaf beetle belonging to 245 species, of which 12 species and 5 genus were considered possible bioindicators based on IndVal measure. Higher species richness was observed in forests and regenerating fields, and habitats with lower species richness included pastures, mines and veredas. Only the Eucalyptus areas had a high abundance of Chrysomelidae, followed by forests and the other habitats, which were not significantly different from each other. Natural fields, regenerating fields, natural cerrados and forest had higher values of β-diversity. In general, the proportion of Chrysomelidae over total Coleoptera and over herbivorous Coleoptera were not able to distinguished among the habitats. The large number of rare leaf beetle species, the high proportion of restricted species and the high β-diversity of the natural areas made it difficult to utilize individual of species as a bioindicator. The use of the genus Chrysomelidae as a biondicator of habitat quality, was considered more effective than using individual species. Bioindicator systems that include not only species richness and abundance but also assemblage composition are needed to allow for a better understanding of Chrysomelidae response to environmental disturbance. OBS: Summary of chapter 1. Thesis with three chapters.Item Comportamento morfológico, químico e físico-hídrico dos solos de área cultivada com morango em Alfredo Vasconcelos, MG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-15) Silva, Marcelo Zózimo da; Castro, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417; Castro, Selma Simões de; Oliveira, José Emílio Zanzirolani de; Paula, José Roberto de; Momoli, Renata Santos; Faria, Karla Maria Silva deOver 80% of the 6,000 inhabitants of Alfredo Vasconcelos, a municipality in the southern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is involved in agricultural activities, mainly horticulture, floriculture and fruit culture, which is characterized by strawberry cultivation on top of a relief known as ‘mar de morros’, predominant in the region, with edaphoclimatic conditions adequate to this type of cultivation. Strawberry cultivation ranks second in state production; however, it has been presenting differences in planting and crop performances, slope hydric erosion, fertigated input losses, as well as turbidity, leaching, and downstream fish fauna decrease, according to farm proprietors and preliminary observations. The hypothesis tested is that the use and management of soil may induce changes in its morphological, physical- hydric behavior, as well as in its fertility, leading to decreased production and yield and soil and slope instability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological and physical- hydric behavior of strawberry-cultivated soils in the aforementioned municipality so as to identify the vertical and lateral hydric flux routes and understand the causes of the differences found to provide management alternatives to family farmers. The study was based on the macro- and micro-morphological and analytical characterization of soils through infiltration and resistance to soil penetration assays, along a representative toposequence of the area, constituted of the descendent lateral succession of medium texture soils as Red Yelow Latosol Cambic Latossol and Haplic Gleisol. Four soil profiles were evaluated: P1, on the top; P2, on the upper slope; P3, on the medium slope, cultivated with strawberry; and P4, on the slope base, used as pasture planted with Brachiaria decumbens. The results showed increased clay, soil density and resistance to penetration in the subsurface of the profiles and downstream, concomitantly with a decrease in total porosity and infiltration rate. Such data were corroborated by micro-morphological and micro- morphometric evaluation of the pores with the help of binary image analyses. It was concluded that there is a moderate impediment to the development of the surface radicular system, and more marked on the subsurface, interpreted as weak to moderate compaction, respectively, which would be capable to induce lateral hydric flux routes that cause nutrient loss above the compacted subsurface layer, mainly during rain or fertigation periods above the infiltration rate, what would explain the differences observed in this direction, demanding management adjustments so as not to compromise the agricultural sustainability of this activity.