Abastecimento de água em espaços urbanos: políticas públicas e gestão na região metropolitana de Goiânia (1988-2018)
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2019-06-07
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Water is used as a fundamental factor in public health and economic and social development.
In metropolitan regions, managing this resource is vital to ensure its multiple uses and satisfactory availability, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Within the context of Brazil’s
Metropolis Statute, which establishes general guidelines for the planning, management, and
execution of public functions of common interest (including basic sanitation and water supply
services), this research study aims to analyze the management of water resources in the
Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (RMG), observing the level of integration among the
municipalities that comprise it as a way of ensuring water availability in the region.
Methodological procedures consisted of documentary and bibliographic analysis from an
exploratory and descriptive perspective, combining several techniques, approaches, and data
sources, e.g. geotechnologies for data spatialization, collection of official data from city halls,
advertisements, journalistic information, news reports, and photo surveys. The analytical
scale includes the metropolis, the municipality, and hydrographic basins, and the time frame
ranges from the 1988 Federal Constitution to the present. Results show that urban policy
instruments have a direct impact on water management. The RMG is made up of
heterogeneous territories as far as social, economic, and environmental issues are concerned, all of which ultimately generate different demands. The State Plan for Water Resources (PERH), the Meia Ponte River Basin Committee, and the permanent protection area (APP) of the João Leite River are important efforts that strive to protect local water resources. However, such efforts are fragmented, thus hampering the RMG’s integrated and collective management. The studies here presented indicate little integration among RMG municipalities in river basin committees, absence of training and communication between committees and municipalities, water shortages associated with water use conflicts, degradation of APPs, increasing deforestation (which affects mostly the APPs), and few conservation units. With regard to town plans, despite being mandatory, most are outdated. Their strategies favor community engagement towards aiming for democratic management, as has been occurring in Brazil as a whole since the 1980s. Even though environmental zoning and the protection of springs are mentioned, albeit in a cursory way, not all municipalities state which springs require special protection as a result of being strategic resources for municipal development. Integrated management of water resources in the RMG, as a way to operate water systems to unify and balance stakeholders’ relevant viewpoints and goals, is as yet absent from these documents. Therefore, universal water supply and the promotion of water security require improvement of interdepartmental governance, which entails the integration of political aspects, the development of RMG guidelines (PDI-RMG), and the creation of a metropolitan information network that enables constant critical analysis and monitoring of actions by the various agents working in the metropolitan space.
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BELTRÃO, Gabriela Nogueira Ferreira da Silva. Abastecimento de água em espaços urbanos: políticas públicas e gestão na região metropolitana de Goiânia (1988-2018). 2019. 181 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.