O direito de retomada de terras tradicionalmente ocupadas e a tese do marco temporal
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2022-03-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This qualitative empirical research aims to understand the phenomenon of land retakings practiced by indigenous and quilombola communities, from an interdisciplinary perspective, whose historical, political and legal reading also emphasizes the debate on the rebound of structural and structuring racism of Brazilian society in the landowner overview that involves the rights of these original peoples and communities. The study focuses on the use of the legal thesis of the time framework, as a reaction of political and economic sectors against the realization of their constitutional rights, which establishes for quilombolas and indigenous people the date of promulgation of the current Constitution, October 5, 1988, as reference for the materialization of the right to demarcation and titling of their traditional territories. In other words, there would only be the right to the territory for those peoples and communities that were in effective occupation of the land on that exact date. The objective of the research unfolds in the hypotheses: the adoption of the thesis of the time framework as a strategy not only to stop the demarcations and titling, but to prevent the actions of land retakings, with which quilombolas and indigenous people have been recovering the possession of their lands and territories, especially after the advent of the 1988 Constitution; and of the existence of a Right of Retaking based on the constitutional praxis of these groups in defense of the fundamental constitutional rights affirmed, and recognizing that their societies are constituted as originating from their birth and whose rights, especially to the territory, are transmitted through generations , based on jusdiversity. Starting from an understanding of Justice and Law not as abstract entities, but immersed in a social, cultural and historical context, which reflects the hierarchical relations of power, the interdisciplinary character of the research uses references from Anthropology, History, Political Science and Sociology, in addition to the Law itself, to trace the racist and exclusionary profile of the Brazilian land tenure structure. The methodology values an interaction between the bibliographic review in historical studies on the formation of identity, cultural and territorial rights of indigenous peoples and quilombola communities, ethnographic researches carried out with communities in the process of land retakings and documentary research in press material and administrative procedures and lawsuits involving the time framework thesis and territorial recovery processes. Thus, racism, territoriality, work, the environment, and rural violence are mobilized as key categories, adding content to Agrarian Law, in dialogue with Critical Theories of Law and contemporary Constitutionalism, considering the agri-food, socio-environmental and anti-racist functions that underlies the Right to Retaking of traditional territories.
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CHAVES, Carlos E. O direito de retomada de terras tradicionalmente ocupadas e a tese do marco temporal. 2022. 318 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito Agrário) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.