Indicadores socioambientais para avaliação de sistemas de drenagem urbana
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2022-10-26
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The lack of urban planning in most cities causes negative impacts related to the environment. In this sense, the intensification of urbanization and the consequent changes in the hydrological cycle compromise traditional drainage systems, since they are implemented with the objective of providing rapid drainage. The hydrological effects, related to the acceleration of surface runoff, cause an increase in the frequency of urban floods, social, economic and environmental impacts. Choosing the most suitable drainage system can be made by comparing design alternatives. The use of indicators is a relevant instrument to properly manage public issues, mainly to obtain diagnoses and carry out environmental monitoring. In this context, one of the research objectives was to demonstrate a theoretical framework composed of socio-environmental indicators of drainage systems that can be applied at a basin or urban sub-basin scale, allowing evaluations in the decision-making process. The method applied was the systematic review of literature together with bibliometric analysis. Based on the analysis, it was possible to find 107 socio-environmental indicators that can be used as a planning instrument. The results showed that local environmental characteristics such as soil type, soil profile, topography, watershed slope, distance from water bodies, climatic conditions, riparian vegetation and waste management are related to flood susceptibility. The research allowed the consolidation of a set of indicators that can be applied to the analysis of risk and vulnerability to floods, since it encompasses social, health and environmental issues, aiming at the well-being of the city. Subsequently, the operationalization of the concept of vulnerability was carried out through socio-environmental indicators, in order to correlate it with the urban drainage system of the state of Goiás. The data sets made available for the analyzes carried out refer to the results of the 2010 Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. For the development of metrics, the Exploratory Factor Analysis technique was used. From the 3 developed indices: environmental fragility, infrastructural quality and social quality, an end was developed that encompasses all variables. The results showed that sectors with better drainage systems (higher proportions of households with culverts/railways and curbs/leaves) tend to have higher indicators of social and infrastructural quality and lower values of environmental fragility. The proposed indicator construction method can be applied through current and past censuses, in addition to making use of different scales of analysis. Finally, socio-environmental vulnerability indicators were created and validated for the state of Goiás, using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and geoprocessing techniques, using data from census sectors. Thus, it was proposed to generate this information and correlate it with the urban drainage system. The higher the value of the infrastructural fragility indicator, the lower the value of the final indicator tends to be, since infrastructural fragility has a negative weight. Of the 3 indicators, environmental quality is the one that most impacted the final indicator, with a relative importance of 41.184%. The creation of indicators using the ACP method allowed a large amount of information about the state of Goiás to be analyzed efficiently and synthetically through the general indicator.
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SANTOS, L. P. S. Indicadores socioambientais para avaliação de sistemas de drenagem urbana. 2022. 113 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.