A formação humana na literatura: a desigualdade da mulher na obra “Felicidade conjugal” de Lev Tolstói
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2022-08-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This work is part of the Research Line Fundamentos dos Processos Educativos of the Graduate Program in Education of the Faculdade de Educação of the Universidade Federal de Goiás. The research had as general objective to investigate how the inequality of the woman is revealed in the literary production "Felicidade Conjugal" of Lev Tolstoy and as specific objectives to understand how the inequality of the woman is structured in our society, to understand the constitutive elements of a formative Literature, if Tolstoy's production contributes to the formative process of the subjects, by approaching the issue of women. The methodology was based on the analysis of the literary production “Felicidade Conjugal” by Lev Tolstoy, from 1859, chosen through a survey of works by this author, in search of aspects related to the inequality of women and human formation. The theoretical studies of the authors Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Walter Benjamin are the basis for the research, especially with regard to studies on Literature, culture and education; Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and their readers, as they indicate the roots of inequality in the capitalist system; Alexandra Kollontai, Silvia Federici, Heleieth Saffioti and Flávia Biroli about the condition of women in capitalist reality. From the studies carried out and the analysis, we realized that the work elucidates, in its form and content, aspects related to the social division of labor, private property and the place of women in this reality, fetishism in human relations, the search for individual fulfillment in modernity, the place of tradition and history. It becomes possible for the reader to question reality without giving evidence to these questions in a direct way, but for its aesthetic form that expresses the possibility of philosophical reflection, for a content of truth that will favor countless understandings about the work with the aim of autonomy. of sense. The work is constituted as a mimesis of objectivity because in its aesthetic form the universal aspects of human beings are present. In addition, the narrative is constructed giving the reader the possibility of joining their experience to the narrated experiences, as there is the presence of memory, in the dynamics between forgetting and remembering, as a motto of the experience, among other aesthetic elements that highlight the issue of inequality. There is also the presence of the matter of happiness as an enigma that can not be solved, favoring the reader's imagination and reflection on himself and on reality, the criticism of the way in which the sexual division of labor and private property culminated in inequality in what concerns respect for women in this reality. The problem of denying history as an abandonment of the dialectical need to understand the determinants of the past that can be reproduced in the present is present in the work by the narrator who seeks to forget the past, but it is what triggers memories and experiences. The presence of these elements indicates that the analyzed novel is formative, emphasizing that Literature as a production of culture that forms subjects to resist adaptation and inequality arising from bourgeois society.
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PEREIRA, E. T. A formação humana na literatura: a desigualdade da mulher na obra “Felicidade conjugal” de Lev Tolstói. 2022. 193 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.