O Papel da variação do número de cópias genômicas no fenótipo clínico de deficiência intelectual em uma coorte retrospectiva da rede pública de saúde do Estado de Goiás

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2014-03-31

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Universidade Federal de Goiás

Resumo

Intellectual disability is a signal comprising a set of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders in which the development and/or function of the brain is compromised. This deficiency is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior and is observed begins before 18 years of age. It is characterized by a high degree of variable expression, and the expression of a wide range of phenotypes, ranging from various genetic syndromes known to characteristics non-syndromic and psychological and/or psychiatric disorders. The etiology is still poorly understood and about half of the cases are unclear. In recent years, the chromosomal analysis by microarray has revolutionized the evaluation of patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability. By this method, the genome of a patient is examined to detect gains or losses of genetic material that are usually too small to be detected by chromosome banding studies. Genomic deletions and duplications have an important role in characterizing genetic diseases, including many neurological disorders and neural development. Identifying these changes may contribute to the clinical management of affected individuals and assist their families, and furthermore, can provide information on the processes of development and brain function. In this context the main objective of this study was identified possible submicroscopic genomic changes associated with intellectual disability, using a platform Chromosomal Microarray high resolution in patients referred by doctors of public health from Goiás state and had initially a normal karyotype. Thus 15 patients with intellectual disabilities were tested by high resolution HD CytoScan Array (Affymetrix) tecnology which detected the presence of 33 variations in the number of genome copies in 10 (66.7%) of the probands. Nineteen microduplications (57.6%) and 14 microdeletions (42.4%) were observed, and 17 CNVs (51.5%) were neutral, 7 (21.2%) pathogenic, 5 (15.15%) potentially pathogenic and 4 (12.12%) of uncertain significance. Five patients showed no change in the number of copies. In this study, we could propose a genetic etiology for the phenotype of 8 patients and thus the diagnostic yield of the platform used was 53.3%. Although modest, this study was significant because this technology was first employed in the state of Goiás and thus, could contribute more genetic information about this complex and heterogeneous neurological sign of great importance to global public health.

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Pereira, Rodrigo Roncato. O Papel da variação do número de cópias genômicas no fenótipo clínico de deficiência intelectual em uma coorte retrospectiva da rede pública de saúde do Estado de Goiás. 2014. 118 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.