Sociedade, futebol, torcidas organizadas e educação: da violência explícita às contradições não evidentes
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2014-08-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Attributed to organized fan clubs, the violence in soccer matches has been regularly and widely broadcasted by the media, however, this debate is laden with controversies about the responsibility of those scuffles, their motivations and authorships. In view of this, the theme whose reflections of this thesis are developed upon, are the mediations – the apparent and non apparent ones – that are established between the actions of organized soccer fans, the violence in football-entertainment produced by the cultural industry and contemporary society. Our broader objective was to realize some motivations for violence in soccer matches from organized football fan clubs’ demonstrations of the three most prominent teams in the State of Goiás: Atlético Clube Goianiense, Goiás Esporte Clube e Vila Nova Futebol Clube. Major studies on the phenomenon indicate that the violence can’t be observed as “from” soccer, but "in" soccer matches. However, from a critical theory of the Frankfurt School's society, particularly on the reflections of H. Marcuse, T. W. Adorno e M. Horkheimer, we argue that violence has a social cause, it finds relations on the individual, therefore, it’s dependent on the social context and gets a new meaning due the subjective dynamics. As violence in soccer matches and scuffles between organized fans are the obvious aspect of this phenomenon, we consider them as the "starting point". We fell back upon the empirical research to follow up the role that those organized fan clubs play in the expansion of violence and to understand how the main subjects involved in this process realize the phenomenon. We have observed matches of those three teams in state and national competitions; we’ve interviewed presidents, directors, members and former members of organized fan clubs, club officers, people in charge of the stadium security; television media workers, and a questionnaire was applied to the more organic members of those fan clubs. Among the main discussion, we highlight, in broad scenery, the intensification of soccer as an article of trade in the age of media spectacle, shaping a scenario of cultural soccer industry, and the formation of individuality in those administered societies that seem to be more available to belong to clusters of people. Specifically, we highlight the conflicts of organized fan clubs with the police and the media, the manifestation of hypothetically uncontrollable feelings, the revelation that the scuffles are tolerated under certain circumstances and the emphasis on that the violence in soccer matches is due to a minority of criminals infiltrated in fan clubs, reason why the repression and punishment were the most remembered actions to fight it – to the detriment of cultural background or structural inequalities stimulated by the current social production style. As a "finish point", we have sought the contradictions hidden behind the motivations and justifications for the scuffles and we emphasize the fundamental role of the education as a counterpoint to violence and barbarism. This thesis was supervised by the teacher Ph.D. Sílvia Rosa Silva Zanolla and developed in the research line of Culture and Educational Processes of Doctorate in Education at the UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás.
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SOUZA, Luís César de. Sociedade, futebol, torcidas organizadas e educação: da violência explícita às contradições não evidentes. 2014. 192 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.