Eventos adversos pós-vacinais ocorridos em crianças no município de Goiânia

Abstract

The use of vaccines is among the greatest advances observed in health care around the world, enabling eradication and/or control vaccine-preventable diseases. However, with increasing number and variety of vaccine doses applied also increases the incidence of post-vaccination adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and describe the post-vaccination adverse events in children under five years of age. METHODS: This is a retrospective study with a descriptive analysis of secondary data. The data source was the universe of all 353 records of reporting post-vaccine adverse events and monitoring reports of children inadvertently vaccinated with the human rotavirus vaccine reported to the Immunization Division of the County Health of Goiânia for the period vaccination of July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 19.0 for Windows. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee and regulatory standards of Resolution 466/2012 have been obeyed. RESULTS: The study identified 373 post-vaccination adverse events, with 313 (83.9%) adverse events temporally related to vaccination (AETV) and 60 (16.1%) programmatic errors. Both AETV as programmatic errors were more common in male infants (56.23% and 58.34% respectively) and in children under one year of age (78.60% and 86.67% respectively). It is noteworthy that 44.10% of total AETV presented by the children were due to the administration of only one vaccine, especially Pentavalent vaccine (20.76%) and Influenza (10.54%). However, it was found that 55.9% of AETV occurred when there was more than one vaccine in the same vaccine opportunity, with 31.95% with four vaccines, 12.80% with two and 10.50% with three. Inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) and Pentavalent showed the highest percentages of AETV. The most common systemic reactions were fever (32.93%), persistent crying (18.62%) and altered level of consciousness/hypotonia/lethargy (11.92%). As for programming errors, the largest incidence were related to the implementation of the Yellow Fever vaccine (9.12/10,000 applied doses) and Oral Polio vaccine (OPV) (3.72/10,000 doses applied). As for the types of errors were identified the use of wrong immunobiological (26.70%) and administration of the vaccine outside the recommended age (18.30%). CONCLUSION: The post-vaccination adverse events identified were the type AETV and programmatic errors and hit mostly children under one year of age. The AETV were related to IPV and Pentavalent vaccines and programmatic errors with the application of the Yellow Fever vaccine and OPV. The analysis of reported post-vaccination adverse events can direct managers for planning and execution of measures for improvement in the structure and work processes, enabling notifications of events identified with complete information, and promoting a safer immunization for children.