Acidentes com material biológico entre pessoas sem risco presumido
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Data
2014-08-15
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Most recorded accidents with biological material are related to accidents in Health
Care Facilities, which are considered unhealthy environments where the group with
the highest exposure is professionals in the healthcare field. However, it should be
understood that, any individual who passes through a healthcare facility is exposed
to biological risk. The objectives of this study were: to identify the profile of victims of
accidents with biological material, occurring in healthcare facilities among those with
no presumed risk; to identify the frequency and profile of accidents in this group; to
classify pre and post-exposure conduct in accidents with biological material in this
group. This retrospective epidemiological study was conducted based on data from
two service centers and accident reporting services: Hospital for Tropical Diseases in
the State of Goias, Brazil, and the Center of Reference on Worker's Health
(CEREST) in the city of Goiania. The two databases were linked. This study analyzed
accidents reported by workers who were not trained in healthcare practice that had
accidents with biological material inside the healthcare service independent of their
professional duties. The study received approval in two Ethics Committee reports,
the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, under protocol No. 033 / 2010, and by the IRB of
the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Goias, under protocol 414258/2013.
There were 8,568 records of accidents with biological material recorded between
1989 and June 2012, 181 of these (2.1%) occurred in health services among those
with no presumed risk. The highest frequency of accidents occurred among people
between 20 and 29 years, female, and the most frequent occupation was the
receptionist's office or lab, followed by administrative assistant. Needlestick accidents
were most common (91.7 %) and involved a needle lumen, with higher incidence
among females, and blood was the most common biological material. With regard to
the circumstances of the accidents, most occurred due to inappropriate disposal of
sharps, 20.1% referred to assistance activities such as recapping of needles,
injections, or punctures, and material processing support procedures. Less than half
of the subjects were vaccinated (49.7 %) against hepatitis B. The source patient was
identified in 64 (35.6 %) cases, and of these, 43 (67.2 %) did not undergo serological
testing. Post-exposure prophylaxis was recommended in 41 (22.6 %) and
immunotherapy in 58 cases (32.0 %), and in 96 (53.0 %) cases completed, 74.0%
indicated giving up clinical and laboratory monitoring. There were gaps in the data
recorded in the notification forms, which reveals the need for professional training for
the correct completion of notifications and active search for cases for follow-up. Data
support the fact that healthcare facilities should have a organizational structure
focused on resolution, prepared to provide care and / or refer the victim to postexposure
prophylactic measures, since the office needs to be responsible for people
who have accidents in their area, once the injured person, regardless of the
employment relationship becomes a "victim of an accident with biological material"
and in need of care, to minimize the risk of disease by taking proper preventive
measures after the accident.
Descrição
Citação
SALGADO, Thaís de Arvelos. Acidentes com material biológico entre pessoas sem risco presumido. 2014. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.