Institucionalização dos conselhos municipais de educação nas capitais brasileiras: a luta por uma nova hegemonia política
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2014-07-11
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This study is part of the research in State, Policies and History of Education of the Graduate Program of Education Department of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). This larger research has as central axis an analysis of the State, the changes, impacts and effective developments of actions in the formulation of public policies, mainly in the educational field. Thus, the general objective of this investigation is to understand, based on legal documents and on the perception of the counselors’ who represent the educational workers and those of the executive branch, the institutionalization process of the Municipal Education Councils (MECs) of the Brazilian capitals, especially those from the Center-West Region. One must emphasize that the MCEs are considered here a State organ, of political articulation, located between the government and civil society to address education issues. This study used as analytical reference, mainly from the Gramscian theoretical perspective, concepts such as civil society, political society, State, hegemony, relation between forces, as well as, aspects of the political-administrative decentralization resulting from the Brazilian federalist model. In relation to the research, we chose to use a method of investigation, whose main differential was based on the analysis of dialectic approach. Thus, we sought to use a combination of different techniques of data collection and analysis of reality such as: bibliographic research, analysis of legal documents from MECs of all Brazilian capitals, as well as the application of questionnaires answered by the municipal educational counselors, representatives of the executive branch, and the educational workers in three capitals of the Center-West Region. It must be noted that these subjects were chosen based on what was found in the exploratory phase of this study which detected them as representative segments with higher representativeness in the MECs of the 26 Brazilian capitals. This study, when investigating the institutionalization process of the MECs of the Brazilian capitals, mainly, those from the capitals of the Center-West Region, showed that they are the stage of political conflicts and space of strong relations where the competition between a bureaucratic and a democratic character is constant. This finding seems to indicate that it is exactly in this contradictory movement between the bureaucratic and/or democratic action that lies the possibility of municipal educational advice becoming “advanced trenches”. It is a concrete fact that hegemonic battles are fought, that projects of society and education are confronted and constitute new relationships between civil society and political society, in the attempt to establish a new State and a new society. Finding out that the MECs act preferably in a bureaucratic way seems to indicate the strength of concrete reality acting over them. However, it does not mean that such a circumstance is fateful, for, at the same time in which objective reality imposes itself, it creates spaces for its overcoming. Therefore it is not possible to state that the MECs are only bureaucratic even though this aspect prevails, but such prevalence could be related to the structural limits that the capitalist system imposes on any social organization of democratic style. Certainly, there is no ready and finished advice, as it constitutes a specific process of institutionalization. Thus, it might be said that the advice is, in fact, a space of disputes, a place balance of power.
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SANTOS, Paulo Eduardo dos. Institucionalização dos conselhos municipais de educação nas capitais brasileiras: a luta por uma nova hegemonia política. 2014. 269 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.