Risco biológico entre agentes comunitários de saúde
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2016-04-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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NTRODUCTION: Community Health Agents (CHA) are health care workers (HCW) who work in primary care through home visits. Legally their specific duties are not recognized as activities that carry risk of exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). OBJECTIVE: To verify the involvement of CHA in training on biological risk (BR) and biosafety; identify occupational exposure of CHA to BBF; detail the avenues, circumstances, and BBF involved in the exposure; describe post-exposure conduct; verify immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV); and identify risk factors associated with exposure BBF in this group. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in the Family Health Centers of a Health District of the City of Goiania, Goias following approval by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Goias (No. 1.012.706/2015). CHA participated who were performing their duties between September 8 and November 13, 2015, when data collection was performed. Data collection was via self-administered questionnaire during the work period. Vaccine cards were required for verification of immunization against HBV and provided to the researcher in person or by sending images using instant messaging. Suffering occupational exposure to BBF was the outcome variable, and the predictors were gender, age, education, professional practice time, completion of a training course on BR and biosafety, and immunization against HBV. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 20.0). Pearson's chi-square test was used and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Participants were 80 CHA, mostly females aged 36-50 years having completed secondary or higher education. Seventy-two reported training, and 52.8% reported that the content included some topics related to BR and biosafety. Twenty-three (28.8%) CHA experienced exposures, 10 (43.5%) of them having multiple exposures, totaling 58 incidents. Exposures were cutaneous, percutaneous, through mucous membranes and human bites involving saliva, urine, blood, feces, vomit and sputum. Most incidents involved saliva on unbroken skin, or mucous. Most of the CHA were exposed during activities legal for their profession, but there was a high number of professionals who performed tasks inappropriate for their job. After exposure, 63.8% washed the area, while 29.3% used soap and water. Sixty-six (82.5%) CHA were vaccinated against HBV and 30.0% mentioned anti-HBs testing to confirm immunity. There was no statistically significant association among the variables. CONCLUSION: The CHA participating in this study are occupationally exposed to saliva, blood and other human secretions with peculiar characteristics, but were mostly unprepared to perform the appropriate biosecurity measures. This requires a review of the characterization of this job class as free of BR, and appropriate risk management.
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REZENDE, F. R. Risco biológico entre agentes comunitários de saúde. 2016. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.