A restauração conservadora da filosofia: o Instituto Brasileiro de Filosofia e a autocracia burguesa no Brasil (1949-1968)
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2016-11-01
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In our thesis, we start from the historical reconstruction of bourgeois autocracy in Brazil and
the development of class society after 1930. From this historical perspective of autocratic
developments as renovation, that is, as a constant rearrangement and update of the structural
power of the ruling class, reconstituting the formation of the University of São Paulo, after
1934 as a project of the São Paulo‟s oligarchy, and the Brazilian Institute of Philosophy (IBF
– the acronym in Portuguese) from 1949 as a program of some sectors of autocratic
intelligentsia. The IBF was the entity responsible for the publication of the Brazilian
Magazine of Philosophy (RBF – the acronym in Portuguese), which is our main research‟s
source. Aiming at a critical questioning of our object (the IBF and RBF), rescued the concept
of philosophical hegemony apparatus (AHF), which allowed us to elucidate the IBF‟s
contribution to the formation of an autocratic ideology. The main contribution came from São
Paulo‟s renowned jurist, Miguel Reale, leader and founder of the Institute. Known to have
belonged to the “movimento integralista” (a fascista movement), Reale will provide new
ideology of the ruling class after the decline of fascism and with the defeat of fascists regimes
in the mid 40‟s. In the Philosophy of Law (1953) book, the jurist will finalize the so-called
"three-dimensional theory of law", which, however, has a number of formulations in order to
exploit the ruling class with an authoritarian legal ideology. Later, in the early 60‟s, when
Brazil was at the culmination of a general crisis, which was reflected in the economy, society,
politics and culture, Reale publish two political works: Brazilian parliamentarianism (1962)
and Pluralism and Freedom (1963). In these books the author will refine the borders of
democratic liberalism, together with authoritarian-legal formulations of 50‟s, will give life to
an autocratic ideology that will thrive as one of the most important formulations of the
brazilian autocratic intelligentsia. With the 1964‟s coup and the military dictatorship, the
brazilian ruling class completes its historical maturity, putting its decision as a major factor in
external relation to the central powers of capitalism and, internally, to social classes
dominated. This historical maturation occurred, however, with the decisive ideological
contribution of IBF leader who, in turn, widely developed autocratic ideology inside the AHF
that, together with the RBF, was the locus of expansion, discussion and propagation of that
thought.
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GONÇALVES, R. J. M. A restauração conservadora da filosofia: o Instituto Brasileiro de Filosofia e a autocracia burguesa no Brasil (1949-1968). 2016. 282 f. Tese (Doutorado em História) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.