Avaliação neurocognitiva comparativa na Esclerose Múltipla associada ou não à doença Bipolar
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2015-10-02
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Background: MS is a chronic neurological, inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating, degenerative disease. It affects the CNS, especially young adults and middle (15-40 years). Cognitive changes are more frequent than estimated. In addittion, psychiatric disorders in MS are common and they can emerge as inaugural symptoms even without physical symptoms. MS patients are more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders, which may affect two-thirds of them. However, the findings show that it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. According to the literature, within the psychiatric disorders in MS, depression is the most prevalent, followed by anxiety and bipolar disorder.
Method: We radomly evaluated 109 patients from a specialized university service in MS (Centro de Referência, Investigação e Tratamento de Esclerose Múltipla - CRIEM), in Central Brazil. They were diagnosed by experienced neurologists, according to the criteria of McDonald- 2010 and reviewed by Polman et al. - 2011, seen at CRIEM. The final sample consisted of 84 patients with MS, which were divided into two groups (BD and no-BD). Neurocognitive assessment was made by widely used instruments and researched in order to assess cognition in MS (BRB-N). For psychiatric changes, it was used BDI, BAI and screening questionnaire for BD, which was evaluated by a psychiatrist.
Results: The SDMT showed statistically significant correlations with all other subtests, being the strongest correlations with PASAT3 '' PASAT2 '' and WLG. More than 60% of the sample had losses in three or four cognitive domains. As for the age groups, there were no statistically significant differences between the performance in the tests. It was possible to infer that the longer the major disease , the bigger the losses in the tests: SRT-R SRT-S, SRT-D, 10/36, SDMT, PASAT3 "and WLG. There were statistically significant differences between the groups with four to six years of diagnosis and the seven to 10 years, and this group had higher losses. We found a non-expected data in our sample, which was the finding of 14 patients with dementia. Of these, nine had symptoms consistent with the phenotype of Frontotemporal Dementia.
Conclusion: Neurocognitive changes in MS have high prevalence and major impact on quality of life of patients and their families, as well as high financial costs. There was no statistically significant difference between MS patients with BD and the MS no-BD group, suggesting that cognitive changes between MS / BD overlap. Beyond depression, few studies are available in the literature on psychiatric disorders arising in MS and rather intensify the suffering of the patient. We found a prevalence of 65.5% of BD in this population, higher than the literature findings, which can be justified by a thorough assessment. No statistically significant difference between age groups, but there were differences between disease duration. In this sample, the BD group had significantly higher anxiety than no-BD group. There was presence of 14 patients with dementia, and of these, nine had symptoms consistent with the phenotype of Frontotemporal Dementia
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MENDONÇA, A. C. R. Avaliação neurocognitiva comparativa na Esclerose Múltipla associada ou não à doença Bipolar. 2015. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia,
2015.