Políticas de ingresso na educação superior pública no Brasil: contextos, concepções, movimentos e processos seletivos em perspectiva
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2017-07-13
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
This study is related to the State of Education, Policies and History of Education research line
of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Federal University of Goiás. The research
problem is about the movements and tendencies of the policies of entrance of public higher
education in the Brazil, from 1995 to 2015, and what they represent, in terms of the
democratization of this level of education. In order to do so, it presents the following thesis:
the politics of entry into higher education, considering the period from 1995 to 2015, are
based on a meritocratic and competitive logic, but, contradictorily, offer possibilities for a
certain democratization and inclusion in public higher education. The research used the
qualitative and quantitative approach, based on the bibliographic research, delimiting the
technical-methodological procedure through the following phases: a) exploratory reading of
the materials; B) organization and analysis of documentary sources, especially legislation
from 1995 to 2015; C) survey of quantitative indicators (number of institutions, vacancies,
enrollments and admissions) made available in the Census of higher education, by the
National Institute of Studies and Educational Research Anísio Teixeira (Inep) and by the
National Household Sample Survey, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
(IBGE). In order to approach the thematic field, it contemplated the analysis of academic
productions about admission policies and selective processes, and chose as the source the
Bank of Thesis and Dissertations of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education
Personnel (Capes). In the theoretical construction of the analytical category democratization,
the contributions of Coutinho (2002; 2008), Wood (2006) and Silva and Veloso (2013a;
2013b) were used. The concepts of selection, classification, equality of opportunities and
meritocracy were also treated, based on the studies of Bourdieu (1996), Bourdieu and
Passeron (2008), Silva (2006), Bonetto ), Nogueira and Catani (1998). The research shows
that the capitalist system nowadays undergoes reconfigurations, aiming at its maintenance,
based on the promotion of inequality and social exclusion. Neoliberalism reinforces the
meritocratic logic of this system, insofar as it values individuals, their merits and their
conquests, without taking into account the inequalities and historically constituted
determinants that determine the distribution of these same individuals in the social space. The
policies related to the entrance in higher education in Brazil remain with dictates that choose
some and exclude others, supposedly considering only the capacities of each one. It can be
observed that the data of the research were differentiated in the period studied, making it
possible to separate them: the 1990s with less democratizing perspectives, with little impact
on the selectivity, and the decade of 2000, which brings a panorama that contributes to the
minimization Of natural selection and more effective perspectives of the democratization of
social inclusion and inclusion, mainly through the changes that occurred in the forms of
selection, such as the Enem / SiSU (national) and the quota law. There were methodological
changes in the application and use of the results, without losing sight of the characteristic of
the elitized process. The politics of entry reflect the society of a liberal-capitalist nature,
which operates by exclusion, while at the same time extolling the so-called natural capacities.
But, contradictorily, it allows punctual policies of inclusion and democratization in order to
maintain the very maintenance of the liberal-capitalist system.
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LUZ, J. N. N. Políticas de ingresso na educação superior pública no Brasil: contextos, concepções, movimentos e processos seletivos em perspectiva. 2017. 212 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.