Atributos químicos do solo e desempenho de culturas em rotação ou consórcio com plantas de cobertura em sistema agroflorestal
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2017-03-09
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The presence of an arboreal component, such as in agroforestry systems, can promote a
better balance of tropical ecological processes, allowing agricultural exploration in vertical
and horizontal landscape profiles. This, together with the inclusion of single or
intercropped cover crops in the agroforestry understory can increase the beneficial effects
through interaction among species, favoring greater nutrient accumulation and cycling.
Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the soil chemical attributes and the
performance of agricultural species and cover crops in rotation/consortium in an
agroforestry system in the cerrado region of Goiás. The research was carried out between
2012 and 2016, in the city of Goiânia-Goiás, in an agroforestry system implanted in an 8-
year-old Baru forest (Dipteryx alata V.). Soil from the experimental area was classified as
typical dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was randomized complete block
(RCB), with four replications. Cover plants were cultivated singly: Pigeon pea (Cajanus
cajan); Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes macrocephala - 20% and
Stylosanthes capitata - 80%); Massai grass (Panicum maximum) and intercropped: Pigeon
pea+ Massai grass and Stylosanthes + Massai grass, in addition to an area under
spontaneous vegetation (control treatment). We evaluated soil chemical fertility and dry
phytomass productivity and macronutrient accumulations by cover crops, quality and yield
of corn silage grown in rotation with the cover plants, relative index of chlorophylls and
growth of Banana trees cultivated in consortium with the cover plants, in addition to the
growth of the Baru trees during this period (height, diameter at breast height and crown
diameter). The Campo Grande Stylosanthes increased the calcium contents, pH values and
sum of bases in the soil solution at depth 0-10 cm after two years of cultivation. However,
Massai grass, alone, increased potassium levels at depth 0-10 and 10-20 cm in the same
cultivation year. The dry matter yield of silage maize was similar among the residual straw
of Pigeon pea, Massai grass, and Stylosanthes + Massai grass cultivars. However,
cultivation with residual Stylosanthes increased the crude protein percentage. The growth
in height of the banana trees at 6 and 12 months was higher in consortium with Massai
grass when compared to the area maintained with spontaneous vegetation. The incremental
increase in height of Baru trees only increased after two years through the residual Campo
Grande Stylosanthes. The highest productivity of dry phytomass was obtained from Massai
grass, alone. The accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sulfur were similar
among Massai grass alone, Stylosanthes alone, and Massai grass + Stylosanthes
consortium. However, potassium and magnesium accumulations were only higher in the
aerial part of the Massai grass, alone.
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ARRUDA, E. M. Atributos químicos do solo e desempenho de culturas em rotação ou consórcio com plantas de cobertura em sistema agroflorestal. 2017. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.