Televisão e (des)razão
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2017-08-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This PhD research, developed in the Program for postgradute studies in
Education, in the line of research in Theoretical foundations for educational
processes, based on the analysis of labour productivity under Capitalism by
Karl Marx and on the theory of Culture Industry by Theodor W. Adorno and
Max Horkheimer, had the purpose to reflect upon how the contradiction
between centralized production, wich objectively conducts form and content,
and how the reproduction of such production is handled by Brazilian television
industry. In the process of investigating this contradiction, the understanding of
the history behind implantation and development of the television industry in
Brazil points to the conditions for succession, maintenance and expansion of
the monopoly of TV broadcasters – from “TV Tupi” to “TV Globo” –, and to
what is determined by the market and the State to guarantee a rational
administration of the experience of free time and cultural production. In a way
that is possible to draw a parallel between the history of television in Brazil and
the consolidation of the nation’s structure, in the context of a late bourgeois
revolution and an industrialization and modernization process. The
investigation of said contradiction is carried from the concepts of reason,
labour, alienation and fetishism, mediated by the categories of universals and
particulars. The model of social division of labour under Capitalism was
automatically transferred to cultural production. And such division in the field
of cultural production is the historical condition for the perpetuation of the
subjective reason today, over objective reason, that is, the predominance of
reason in it’s formal condition, instrumentalized, pragmatic and utilitarian. It is
in this form of rationality that the process of Brazilian television production
operates and works to reproduce itself over the education of the masses. This
rationality constituted past productions, continues today and is projected, as a
tendency, to the future. The mechanisms of standardization of television
content formalize the constitutive differences between subject and object
equating them, operate in order to make such content easily recognizable and
interchangeable. After all, the main objective is the achievement of “trade”, of
a market. The subjects and objects are materialized oriented only by
particularities that don´t refer to any universality and, in that sense, obliterate
objectively and subjectively the possibilities of recognition of the universal
aspect of their constitutive matters. In television, “the universal can replace the
particular and vice-versa” (ADORNO; HORKHEIMER, 2006, p. 107). In these
conditions, according to the authors, a rationality is produced, and it determines
the production of television content and the education of the audience.
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CARLOS DE SOUZA, A. B. Televisão e (des)razão. 2017. 139 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.