Avaliação de cagaiteiras (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) cultivadas no município de Goiânia,GO
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2015-02-23
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Theobjective of this research was to study the morphometric and phenological
development, and production of Eugenia dysenterica DC., from different municipalities in
Goiás Southeast and grown in experimental area of the Escola de Agronomia of
Universidade Federal de Goiás, featuring physically and chemically their fruit and the fatty
acid profile of its seeds, and to evaluate the chemical composition variability of the
essential oil extracted from its leaves, with the aim of better understanding, expansion and
use of this native. For morphometric analysis, semiannual readings of the total height of
the trees were made, crown insertion height, crown diameter, length, and proportion of
canopy projection index, coverage ratio, formal crown and stem diameter at 10 cm soil.
The phenological observations were carried out fortnightly being evaluated phases leafing,
flowering, fruiting, leaf abscission, budding and fruit production. The harvests of 2013 and
2014 the fruits were chemically physical and evaluated for weight, longitudinal and
transverse diameter, number and weight of seeds / fruit, pulp mass, skin color, juice yield,
total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity , moisture, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates,
mineral nutrients and fatty acids in seeds. The essential oil extracted from the leaves
cagaiteira was evaluated for yield and seasonality and different groups of plants. Climatic
data were obtained in the First Class Evaporimétrica station in operation at EA / UFG.
There was a wide variation between plants regarding the morphometric variables analyzed.
The plants presented is still under development, an increase in height and diameter,
however, with medium to low growth, and with slim canopy format. The cagaiteira loses
its old leaves in August and September, and the issuance of new leaves occurs throughout
the year, peaking in August, September and October, by which time there is also the
sprouting stage, flowering and fruiting. Fruit production is considered irregular between
plants and switching production between years. The fruits of cagaiteiras are considered
irregular as to its physical format, with biometric variation between vintages. The cagaitas
pulp apresentoa relevant value for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The cagaitas seeds have a profile
of fatty acids, mostly, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The yield of essential oil
extracted from cagaiteiras leaves was low, and therefore the main chemical constituents belonging to the biosynthetic class of sesquiterpenes. Of the 30 compounds identified in
the essential oil, only five of them corresponded to more than 60% total of the oil extracted
from the seeds, they being a-copaeno, (E)-cariofileno, a-cumuleno, g-cadineno e d-
cadineno. The highest yield of essential oil occurs in the rainy season and dry / rain
transition, and what are the main chemical constituents also occur in higher percentage in
these times.
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CAMILO, Y. M. V. Avaliação de cagaiteiras (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) cultivadas no município de Goiânia,GO. 2015. 157 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.