Spatial distribution of leprosy in municipalities of the state of Goiás in the year 2020
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Data
2023-03-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by an acid-resistant bacillus called Mycobacterium
leprae and the disease is characterized by its slow multiplication, with an excessively long
incubation period. The objective of the research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of
leprosy cases among the municipalities of the State of Goiás in 2020. This is a descriptive study
and the data collection took place from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN)
in November, 2021 and it considered the diagnosis´ year and the patient’s municipality of
residence. The following indicators were adopted in the analysis: a) annual prevalence rate
per 10,000 inhabitants; b) annual rate of new cases detection in the general population; and
c) annual rate of new cases detection in individuals under 15 years of age, these last two
per 100,000 inhabitants. The analysis of the spatial occurrence pattern of leprosy in Goiás
State municipalities was carried out in the free software Terraview version 4.2.2. A higher
prevalence of distribution of the gross rate of the disease was observed in the Central-North
and Central-West macro-regions, with a concentration of cases also in the Northeast region
of the State. From the 246 Goiás municipalities, 68.7% (n = 169) had cases of leprosy, 18.3%
(n = 45) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 23.2% (n = 57) had a very high detection
coefficient. Considering the rate of detection in those people under 15 years of age, only 11
municipalities (4.5%) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 1.2% (n = 3) had a very high
detection coefficient (5.00 to 9.99/ 10.000 inhabitants). The current investigation indicates the
maintenance of leprosy hyperendemic areas in the State of Goiás, when compared to previous
studies. This finding highlights the importance of readjustment of leprosy management and
assistance in municipalities at greater risk of leprosy hyperendemicity in order to interrupt the
M. leprae transmission chain.
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Palavras-chave
Leprosy, Prevalence, Spatial distribution, Goiás state
Citação
MILHOMEM, Antoninho Barros; BORGES, Diana de Lima; MELO, Leila Medeiros; MORAIS NETO, Otaliba Libânio de. Spatial distribution of leprosy in municipalities of the state of Goiás in the year 2020. Revista de Patologia Tropical, Goiânia, v. 52, n. 1, p. 25-36, jan./mar. 2023. DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v52i1.75099. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufg.br/iptsp/article/view/75099/39695. Acesso em: 27 dez. 2023.