Prevalência, métodos e desfechos da rápida perda de peso em judocas: uma revisão

Abstract

The practice of rapid weight loss (RWL) is common in sports with weight-division categories, especially during pre-competition phases, with the aim of competing in lower weight categories than the athlete's usual weight, in the expectation of gaining a physical advantage over opponents. This study aims to review the prevalence, methods, and outcomes of this practice in judokas, considering its impacts on physical, biological, and psychological parameters. The review included original articles from the PubMed and SciELO databases that examine the use of RWL in athletes of different ages and competitive levels. A total of 10 studies were selected, many of which revealed adverse effects associated with RWL, such as significant dehydration, loss of balance, reduced muscle strength and endurance, as well as impaired performance and increased anxiety, anger, and fatigue. Various RWL methods were identified, ranging from fluid and food restriction to the use of sweat-inducing clothing and increased training intensity. The findings emphasize the need for safe strategies and proper monitoring for athletes engaging in these practices, particularly in high-level competitions. Given the potential risks to the physical and mental health of judokas, it is recommended that sports federations and coaches adopt guidelines to minimize these impacts, prioritizing the athlete's well-being and promoting a more balanced and safe approach to competitive weight management.