AIDS pediátrica: avanços na prevenção e diagnóstico
Carregando...
Data
1999-06
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Ruy de Souza Lino Junior
Resumo
Pediatric AIDS is one of the most challenging diseases, involving medicai,
lamily, social and economic aspects. Heterosexual transmission represents an
increasing route of HIV-1 dissemination leading to increased numbers of
infcctcd women of child-bearing age and perinatally HIV-1 infected children.
Matcrnal's clinicai, immunologic and virological status, obstetrical factors,
breastfeeding and mother-to-child HLA-1 concordance have been shown to
bc associated with perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Oncc infected by HIV-1,
children may evolve rapidly to AIDS usually during the first year of Hfe,
differently from adults, who may remain symptom-free for several years.
Early identification of HIV-1 infection in infant is fundamental for the
prompt introduction of antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic regimens for
opportunistic infections. Serial serological tests, virai culture, p24 detection
and HIV-1 genomic amplification have been employed for the diagnosis of
perinatal HIV-1 infection. In order to minimize potencial interfercnces of
maternal IgG antibodies which can persist for up to 24 months, detection of
virus spccific IgE and IgA antibodies are currently under study, buí their
cxact value hás riot bccn dcfincd. HIV-1 culturc is labonous, expensive, timeconsuming
and requires maximun biosafety leveis. The detection of p24
antigen is less sensitive than HIV-1 culture, even after imunecomplcx
dissociation, therefore HIV-1 diagnosis should not be based on p24 antigen
detection alone. The Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) hás been
demonstrated to be a specific, sensitive and reliable technique for the
identification of HIV-1, promoting rapid virai genome amplification and
detection. The assessment of specificity and sensitivity of HIV-1 PCR for
pediatric infections hás been hampered by the absence of a "gold standard"
technique. Paradoxically, it is the absence of such a "gold standard" that
makes PCR the most promising and atíractive technique for early definitive
diagnosis of perinatally HIV-1 infected infants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
HIV, Diagnóstico sorológico e molecular do HIV-1. AIDS pediátrica. Transmissão vertical. PCR, AIDS pediátrica, Transmissão vertical, PCR, Serological and molecular diagnosis of H1V-1 infection, Pediatric AIDS, Vertical transmission
Citação
STEFANI, Mariana Martins de Araújo; ALVARES JR., João Teixeira; PEREIRA, Gisner Alves de Souza; VIEIRA, Regina Beatriz Bevilacqua. Aids pediátrica: avanços na prevenção e diagnóstico. Revista de Patologia Tropical, Goiânia, v. 28, n. 1, p. 26-40, jan./jun. 1999. Disponível em: <https://www.revistas.ufg.br/iptsp/article/view/17131/10325>.