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    Unequivocal structural assignments of three cardanol derivatives: an experimental and theoretical approach
    (2019) Barbosa, Layla Rosario; Souza, Daiane Santana; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Cunha Neto, Alvaro; Lima, Dênis Pires de; Beatriz, Adilson; Romão, Wanderson; Castro, Eustaquio Vinicius Ribeiro de; Lacerda Júnior, Valdemar
    Cardanol was obtained by vacuum distillation of ‘‘cashew nut shell liquid’’ (CNSL). Cardanol is a by-product of cashew production and a building block for chemical synthesis; cardanol and its derivatives can be used for different types of applications. Three of these compounds are the subject of the present NMR study and theoretical comparison. 1H and 13C NMR signals were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The DFT/B3LYP method using the cc-pVTZ basis set was employed for the calculations of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts (δ). The obtained data were used as an auxiliary tool for unequivocal assignment of all 1H and 1³C NMR signals. For these compounds, the adopted theoretical model was sufficient to obtain a good description of the chemical shifts.
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    Colaboração educativa: uma proposta metodológica para ensino e pesquisa baseados na robótica pedagógica, epistemologia genética e educação libertadora
    (2022) Pinheiro, Ricardo Silverio Gomes; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa
    This paper discusses different meanings of collaboration and cooperation based on Piagetian and Freirean concepts among others. We also present a proposal for resignification of these terms in education, which resulted in two processes: educational collaboration and educational cooperation. By combining educational collaboration with pedagogical robotics, university students and a professor started with the context of civil construction to design a robot that was able to identify electrochemical corrosion in concrete structures. Two categories emerged from this process (questions and suggestions) and were analyzed in their form and content through a scientific research method proposed in three stages, based on educational collaboration: hierarchical ratio, categorical ratio and subcategorical qualitative analysis. The educational collaboration culminated in collaborative learning and proved to be a contextualized teaching method in which there is active student participation. Collaborative learning was evidenced by joint construction of knowledge to construct the robot, a result of the rebalance between individual and social factors.
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    Construindo conhecimento sobre a biologia evolutiva no ensino médio: a operação, a assimilação e a interação lúdica em um jogo pedagógico
    (2022-04) Moraes, Fernando Aparecido de; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa
    This article presents someresults of a doctoral thesis on the relationship between the experiences of the researcher, as a teacher, with what the specific literature in the area of Biology Teaching points out about the needs of teaching Biological Evolution in Basic Education. Thepurpose of this study was to provide theoretical support for thinking about possibilities for building knowledge of concepts related to Biological Evolution in the classroom based on the use of a playful pedagogical strategy, a pedagogical game. Initially, the study presented a theoretical discussion on aspects of teaching Biological Evolution in Basic Education, relating this teaching to the need for innovation in terms of strategies. Then, the theoretical discussion characterized the pedagogical game relating it to Piaget's Genetic Epistemology. After a brief theoretical discussion, we presented the methodological procedures of the qualitative research carried out with 21 volunteer students, from two classes of the 3rd grade of High School of a Full Time Education Center, located in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás. The analysis took place from the content constructed during the application of the game to students, recorded through audio-visual recording and later transcribed. In order to evaluatethe game, seeking to verify possibilities of allowing the construction of knowledge of evolutionary concepts, three categories that emerged in the pre-content analysis were brought to discussion: operation, assimilation and playful interaction. Throughoutthe analysis, at various moments in the application of the game, situations of operation, assimilation and playful interaction were observed. In these moments, it was also evident that abstract evolutionary concepts selected for the game, such as common ancestor and speciation, were collectively operated and assimilated by the students.At the end, based on the results achieved, the authors reflect on the importance of the pedagogical game, above all, in the teaching and learning process of Biological Evolution in Basic Education.
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    Improving quantitative 13C NMR performance by an adiabatic scheme
    (2018) Wollinger, Wagner; Fernandes, Jane Luíza Nogueira; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Garrido, Bruno Carius; Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler de
    NMR is a primary method of measurement that provides quantitative traceable results without the need for a standard of the same measurand. Despite the advantages of the 1H nucleus, such as high sensitivity, short relaxation times and widespread distribution in organic compounds, some molecules present only labile H atoms, or the 1H peaks of a sample may overlap with impurities. With the CHORAD scheme – a combination of the pulse sequence CHORUS and adiabatic modulation for 1H decoupling – this study has shown that 13C NMR can be used for quantitative analyses with a bias smaller than 2% and expanded uncertainty of 0.7% (for a confidence level of 95%). Since 13C is found with significant non-statistic isotope fractionation, all the peaks of the sample and internal standard should be integrated and their bulk 13C abundances obtained by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) must be considered to meet quantitative requirements. Future experimental work may be performed to test this procedure for complex matrix samples. This approach also proved to be suitable for studies of site-specific 13C distribution and led to better heteronuclear decoupling when compared with the use of adiabatic decoupling with ordinary hard 90° pulses, a combination extensively reported in the literature over the last decade. An examination of the molecules studied in this work and others from the literature revealed an overall trend in the 13C intramolecular profile – hydrogen-containing positions are often 13C-depleted. A potential contribution of 1JCH coupling to these results is discussed.
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    Chemical investigation and anatomical aspects of wood residues from Hymenaea courbaril L, Platymiscium ulei Harms, Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke
    (2022) Lima, Jennifer Araújo de Oliveira; Hayasida, Willian; Garcia, Mauro Galucio; Freitas, Jorge Alves de; Nascimento, Claudete Catanhede do; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Lima, Maria da Paz
    In recent years, the interest in the propagation of native forest species has intensified with the aim of recovering degraded areas and the restoration of the landscape. As such, some species of Fabaceaeare considered promising woody species for planting in reforestation programs and agroforestry systems. In the present paper, the authors complement the need for studies related to secondary metabolites of the woody speciesHymenaea courbaril L. Platymiscium ulei Harms and Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke. Thus, the phytochemical study of H. courbaril led to the isolation and identification of diterpenes eperuic acid (1) and methyl eperuate (2); triterpenes oleanolic acid (3) andhederagenin(8); flavonoides quercetin (4), fisetinediol (5), liquiritigenin (6) and 3-methoxy-5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanonol (7).P. ulei gave pterocarpane homopterocarpin (9) and coumarin scoparone(10); H. petraeum gave isoflavan sativan (11), in addition to the amino acidtyrosine(12). Flavonoids were the predominant constituents in the three species of Fabaceae; however, the presence of isoflavonoids in Platymiscium ulei and Hymenolobium petraeum is probably associated with the resistance of this high density wood to pathogenic fungi.
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    Possíveis relações dos conteúdos de química, física e biologia com os poderes das super-heroínas
    (2022-02) Pinto, Pollyana de Godoy; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa
    The increase in the presence of superheroines in many current movies and comics can contribute with the rise of women protagonism in many daily distinct situations with the objective of decrease gender prejudice. This work aimed for answering which high-school scientific contents might be related with super heroines’ powers presented in movies and comics. Research was developed in a public school of the metropolitan region of Goiânia – GO, with 122 students of the three high school grades. Students were evaluated and assigned three levels of connection between scientific concepts and superheroines’ powers. In Level 1, concepts were considered inappropriate, showing no satisfactory relations with superheroines’ powers. In Level 2, the conceptions and the relations were intermediary, but not deepened. In Level 3, the concepts were pertinent and satisfactory in what refers to the relation between science and the superheroines’ powers.
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    Electrochemical NMR spectroscopy: electrode construction and magnetic sample stirring
    (2019) Vianna, Pollyana Ferreira da Silva; Gomes, Bruna Ferreira; Lobo, Carlos Manuel Silva; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Danieli, Ernesto Pablo; Blümich, Bernhard P.; Colnago, Luiz Alberto
    The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study electrochemical reactions in situ (EC-NMR), in solution, was demonstrated more than four decades ago. Although, the immense potential of EC-NMR has been demonstrated in several applications, this method has been limited to a few specialized groups since there are no commercial EC-NMR cells or cells that can be easily assembled for routine measurements. In most of the proposed EC-NMR cells the electrodes are placed inside the NMR coil, which deteriorates the magnetic field homogeneity and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. To minimize these interferences, electrochemical cells have been constructed as flow cells, using ultra thin metallic films as electrodes, which are too complex to be produced by non-experts, or use non-metallic electrodes that have limited electrochemical applications. In this paper we report a very simple and efficient way to construct an EC-NMR cell using standard Pt and Ag wires as electrodes. These wires are assembled as coils on capillaries and are inserted into 5 mm NMR tubes and placed approximately 0.5 mm above the NMR coil. During the in situ EC-NMR reaction the magnetohydrodynamic effect stirs the solution, homogenizing the concentration of the reagent and the product in the NMR detection region. This effect allows the concentration of the analyte to be measured in real time, even with the electrodes outside the NMR detection region. The electrode materials are not limited to Pt or Ag wires and can be replaced by other materials according to the studied reaction. Details showing how to make the electrodes are presented in a video in the supplementary material. The application and performance of this cell were demonstrated with an in situ EC-NMR study of the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid in solution. In this particular case the magnetic field increased the reaction rate by a factor of approximately two.
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    Determination of physicochemical properties of biodiesel and blends using low-field NMR and multivariate calibration
    (2019) Constantino, André Fazolo; Cubides Roman, Diana Catalina; Santos, Reginaldo Bezerra dos; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Colnago, Luiz Alberto; Cunha Neto, Alvaro; Barbosa, Lúcio Leonel; Romão, Wanderson; Castro, Eustaquio Vinicius Ribeiro de; Filgueiras, Paulo Roberto; Lacerda Júnior, Valdemar
    Because the methods specified by regulatory agencies for the determination of the physicochemical properties of biodiesel can be laborious and expensive, the development of alternative methodologies represents a major breakthrough. Thus, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an advantageous option because it is nondestructive and reduces the cost and time consumption. In this study, the partial least squares (PLS) regression method was used to create models that correlated the decay curves of the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) signal, obtained from low-field NMR equipment (2.2 MHz for 1H), with the kinematic viscosity, specific mass and refractive index of biodiesel and their blends. Seventeen oilseeds diversified between edible and non-edible oils were utilized to synthesize the biodiesel and produce binary blends. Separately, multivariate calibration models were created only with biodiesel and blends with castor bean because these samples showed different tendencies from the others. The values of root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for the kinematic viscosity, specific mass and refractive index were equal to 0.1 mm2·s−1, 3.7 kg·m−3 and 0.002, respectively, for samples of biodiesel and blends without castor bean and 0.6 mm2·s−1, 2.0 kg·m−3 and 0.0005 for samples of biodiesel and blends with castor bean. The results reveal that the developed models are very satisfactory to predict the quality parameters of biodiesel and blends based on CPMG data with fairly good efficacy.
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    Using TD-NMR relaxometry to assess the effects of diet type and stocking rate on the incidence and degree of severity of myopathies in broilers
    (2022) Cônsolo, Nara Regina Brandão; Barbosa, Luís Carlos Garibaldi Simon; Moraes, Tiago Bueno de; Buarque, Vicente Luiz Macêdo; Colnago, Luiz Alberto; Queiroz Júnior, Luiz Henrique Keng; Oliveira, Vitor Mendes de; Hannaford, Rina; Araújo, Cristiane Soares da Silva; Roque, Fabricia de Arruda; Granghelli, Carlos Alexandre; Fonseca, André Camêlo; Araújo, Lúcio Francelino
    This study aimed to evaluate different feeding strategies and stocking rates (SR) on the occurrence and severity of broiler myopathies. Additionally, a second aim was to test the potential use of Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) relaxometry for assessing white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) incidence and the degree of severity in broiler chicken breasts. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design and consisted of two nutritional levels (regular and superior diets) and two different SR (high 47 kg/m2 or regular 59 kg/m2). Infrared thermography (IRT) images were recorded on three different days to determine the average, minimum and maximum temperatures. After 49 days of rearing, birds were slaughtered, and 75 breasts were weighed and classified according to the absence (normal breast, without the occurrence of myopathy – NB) or occurrence and severity of WB and WS. The whole breasts were analysed by TD-NMR relaxometry using the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence and Continuous Wave-Free Precession (CWFP-T1) pulse sequence. There was no effect of diet and diet*SR interaction on the weight of breast meat; however, chickens raised at the higher density presented a lower breast weight (P < 0.0001; 490 vs. 539 g). The incidence and severity of myopathies was not influenced by the treatments (P = 0.9467); the frequencies of WB and WS were similar in the different treatments. For CPMG and CWFP-T1, three and two relaxation populations were noted, respectively. The sPLS-DA model optimisation showed a significant separation between WS and NB in terms of occurrence and severity. In conclusion, changes in diet and SR did not mitigate the occurrence or severity of WS and WB. Additionally, TD-NMR relaxometry showed to be a promising technology for evaluating and segregating breasts according to myopathy incidence and severity.
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    Achachairú (Garcinia humilis): chemical characterization, antioxidant activity and mineral profile
    (2019) Tomé, Alessandra Cristina; Mársico, Eliane Teixeira; Silva , Flavio Alves da; Kato, Lucilia; Nascimento, Talita Pimenta do; Monteiro, Maria Lúcia Guerra
    The present study characterized the nutritional value, including the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and mineral profile of peel, pulp, and seed of achachairú fruit. Fruits were collected and selected for appearance, ripeness stage, absence of physical damage, and then sanitized and pulped (when fruit peel, pulp, and seed were separated). These parts were lyophilized separately to guarantee the analytical results. The results indicated high moisture content in the fruit peel (79.63%), and pulp (80.68%). Potassium was the most abundant mineral found in fruit seed (224.56 mg/100 g), followed by peel (146.32 mg/100 g), and pulp (46.32 mg/100 g), while the least abundant element was copper (peel = 0.03 mg/100 g, pulp = 0.01 mg/100 g, and seed = 0.04 mg/100 g) with no significant difference between fractions. An influence of solvent used for determination of antioxidant activity of achachairú fruit was observed, in which ethanolic extract was regarded as the best solvent for this test in all evaluated methods. Evaluation of phenolic compounds showed variable results, where the highest contents (p < 0.05) were found in aqueous extract from the peel (149.71 mg EAG/100 g), and ethereal extract from the seed (212.28 mg EAG/100 g). The highest tannin content (p < 0.05) was found in seeds, both for condensates (63.83 mg de CAE/g) and hydrolysates (11.84 mg GA/g), and there was no significant difference between results from fruit peel and pulp.
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    Brazilian insulin plant as a bifunctional food: dual high-resolution PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of antidiabetic compounds in Myrcia rubella Cambess
    (2018) Lima, Rita de Cássia Lemos; Kato, Lucilia; Kongstad, Kenneth Thermann; Staerk, Dan
    Six species of Myrcia, commonly known as 'insulin plants' in Brazil, were assessed for their potential as functional foods. Thus, dual high-resolution α-glucosidase/PTP1B inhibition profiling and HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR analysis were used to identify the antidiabetic constituents of the crude ethyl acetate extract of M. rubella Cambess. A total of 31 compounds were identified, including seven α-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values between 0.6 and 22.4 μM: 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-malonyl)-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-(E)-feruloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, and quercetin-3-O-(2″-(E)-sinapoyl)-glucopyranoside as well as three strong PTP1B inhibitors with IC50 values between 0.4 and 3.1 μM: kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, astragalin, and arjunolic acid. These results show that M. rubella is a potential bifunctional food for management of type 2 diabetes.
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    Himatanthus drasticus leaves: chemical characterization and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antiproliferative activities
    (2017-05-31) Figueiredo, Cristiane Santos Silva e Silva; Santos, Joice Castelo Branco; Castro Júnior, José Artur de Aguiar; Wakui, Vinícius Galvão; Rodrigues, João Francisco Silva; Arruda, Mariana Oliveira; Monteiro, Andrea de Souza; Monteiro Neto, Valério; Bomfim, Maria Rosa Quaresma; Kato, Lucilia; Silva, Luís Cláudio Nascimento da; Grisotto, Marcos Augusto Grigolin
    Plant-derived products have played a fundamental role in the development of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to analyze antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative potentials of the extract and fractions from leaves of Himatanthus drasticus, a plant from the Apocynaceae family. After harvesting, H. drasticus leaves were macerated and a hydroalcoholic extract (HDHE) and fractions were prepared. Antimicrobial tests, such as agar-diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were carried out against several bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae were inhibited by at least one extract or fraction in the agar-diffusion assay (inhibition halos from 12 mm to 30 mm). However, the lowest MIC value was found for HDHE against K. pneumoniae. In addition, HDHE and its fractions were able to inhibit biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations (780 µg/mL and 1.56 µg/mL). As the best activities were found for HDHE, we selected it for further assays. HDHE was able to increase ciprofloxacin (CIP) activity against K. pneumoniae, displaying synergistic (initial concentration CIP + HDHE: 2 µg/mL + 600 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL + 500 µg/mL) and additive effects (CIP + HDHE: 3 µg/mL + 400 µg/mL). This action seems to be associated with the alteration in bacterial membrane permeability induced by HDHE (as seen by propidium iodide labeling). This extract was non-toxic for red blood cell or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, it inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of PBMCs. The following compounds were detected in HDHE using HPLC-ESI-MS analysis: plumieride, plumericin or isoplumericin, rutin, quercetin and derivatives, and chlorogenic acid. Based on these results we suggest that compounds from H. drasticus have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against K. pneumoniae and display low cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative action in PBMC stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
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    Quinolizidine alkaloids are transported to seeds of bitter narrow-leafed lupin
    (2019-07-20) Otterbach, Sophie Lisa; Yang, Ting; Kato, Lucilia; Janfelt, Christian; Geu-Flores, Fernando
    Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL, Lupinus angustifolius) is a promising legume crop that produces seeds with very high protein content. However, NLL accumulates toxic quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in most of its tissues, including the seeds. To determine the level of in situ biosynthesis in the seeds, we compared the accumulation of QAs with the expression of the biosynthetic gene lysine decarboxylase (LDC) in developing seeds and pods of a bitter (high-QA) variety of NLL. While QAs accumulated steadily in seeds until the drying phase, LDC expression was comparatively very low throughout seed development. In contrast, both QA accumulation and LDC expression peaked early in pods and decreased subsequently, reaching background levels at the onset of drying. We complemented these studies with MS imaging, which revealed the distribution patterns of individual QAs in cross-sections of pods and seeds. Finally, we show that a paternal bitter genotype does not influence the QA levels of F1 seeds grown on a maternal, low-QA genotype. We conclude that the accumulation of QAs in seeds of bitter NLL is mostly, if not exclusively, transported from other tissues. These results open the possibility of using transport engineering to generate herbivore-resistant bitter NLL varieties that produce QA-free seeds.
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    High-resolution PTP1B inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of PTP1B inhibitors from Miconia albicans
    (2018-07-17) Lima, Rita de Cássia Lemos; Kongstad, Kenneth T.; Kato, Lucilia; Silva, Marcos José da; Franzyk, Henrik; Staerk, Dan
    Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an intracellular enzyme responsible for deactivation of the insulin receptor, and consequently acts as a negative regulator of insulin signal transduction. In recent years, PTP1B has become an important target for controlling insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, the ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Miconia albicans (IC50 = 4.92 µg/mL) was assessed by high-resolution PTP1B inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of antidiabetic compounds. This disclosed eleven PTP1B inhibitors, including five polyphenolics: 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (2), myricetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5), mearnsetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (6), and kaempferol 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (8) as well as eight triterpenoids: maslinic acid (13), 3-epi-sumaresinolic acid (14), sumaresinolic acid (15), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (16), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (17), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl 2α-hydroxydulcioic acid (18), oleanolic acid (19), and ursolic acid (20). These results support the use of M. albicans as a traditional medicine with antidiabetic properties and its potential as a source of PTP1B inhibitors.
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    Perfil fitoquímico e atividade antioxidante de flores e frutos de Pereskia aculeata Miller
    (2021) Moraes, Thiago Vieira de; Montenegro, Júlia; Marques, Thaisa Santos; Evangelista, Leonardo Max; Rocha, Cristiane Barbosa; Teodoro, Anderson Junger; Kato, Lucilia; Moreira, Ricardo Felipe Alves
    Among the diversity of species of unconventional food plants (UFP), Pereskia aculeataMiller, popularly known as ora-pro-nóbis (OPN), is being increasingly consumed inBrazil. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical composition of the volatile and non-volatile fractions of OPN. The volatile fraction was isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phase extraction and characterized by GC/MS and GC/FID. Aqueous extracts obtained from the samples were evaluated for the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and ORAC). The identification of phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids present in these matrices was carried out by HPLC/HRMS. A total of twenty-eight volatile compounds were identified in the samples. Hexadecanoic acid and scalene were the only compounds detected in all volatile fractions. Hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and phytol stood out quantitatively. β-linalool, α-terpineol, β-farnesene and trans-nerolidol showed potential to influence FF aroma. Regarding the non-volatile fraction, 17 compounds (phenols and alkaloids) were identified in FV and 11 compounds in FF. FF, however, showed greater antioxidant potential than fruits, which can be explained by the concentration of these compounds during the drying process of the flowers. As far as we know, this is the first study on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of PereskiaaculeataMiller flowers. Unpublished data on the volatile profile of the fruits of this species is also being presented in this manuscript.
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    Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal species utilized in the Coqueiros Community, Brazil
    (2022-07-30) Gomides, Nubia Alves Mariano Teixeira Pires; Guarim Neto, Germano; Martins, Marcos Pereira; Kato, Lucilia; Severino, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto
    This paper explores the medicinal plants used by Coqueiros Community, Brazil, for the treatment of various ailments. We apply the structured interview and the participant observation, and the local knowledge was analyzed using quantitative measures applied to the general sampling to contribute to selection of promising species for biotechnological development. This community cited 105 species from 53 plant families. The most representative families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae and Rutaceae. Among the species mentioned in this survey, 66,7% of them occur in the Cerrado as native vegetation. The species considered the most important by interviewees are those with action forthe largest number of health problems. Thus, the statistical indexes used here, such as Relative Impotance (RI), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), contributed to identify these species. To conclude, from this research we have known the potential of the Brazilian vegetation for the development of biotechnology.
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    Emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: phytoplankton structure in the presence of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac
    (2023) Duarte, Joyce Auxiliadora Paiva; Oliveira, Anny Kelly Nascimento de; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Bortolini , Jascieli Carla; Ostroski, Indianara Conceição
    Chemicals from anthropogenic activities such as domestic sewage, pesticide leaching, and improper chemical disposal have caused groundwater contamination. The presence of these emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment can change water quality and biota composition. Thus, this study investigates the effect of two emerging contaminants, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), on the aquatic environment, evaluating the phytoplankton community structure. A microcosm experiment was conducted with 16 sampling units, each one with 500 mL of water sample containing phytoplankton exposed to these drugs at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L−1). The experiment lasted 15 days, and samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 to evaluate the phytoplankton community, the concentrations of the drugs, and the nutrients in the samples. Six phytoplankton groups were identified, and diatoms and green algae were the most diverse and abundant groups. For the entire community, we identified differences between the days of the experiment, varying in the diversity and density of organisms, but not between the concentrations of the two drugs. Evaluating the groups separately, we identified differences in the abundance of cyanobacteria for the treatment with diclofenac and desmids for the treatment with sulfamethoxazole. We demonstrated that the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems can somehow affect the phytoplankton community, especially the diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria and desmids. Therefore, our study indicates the importance of evaluating the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and their influence on aquatic organisms, as well as pharmaceuticals may be changing the structure of the aquatic environment.
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    Physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties of “batata-de-teiú” starch
    (2020) Bento, Juliana Aparecida Correia; Fideles, Marília Cândido; Souza Neto, Menandes Alves de; Liao, Luciano Morais; Caliari, Márcio; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares
    Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell Arg is a sub-shrub herbaceous plant native to the Brazilian Cerrado, and popularly known as “batata-de-teiú”. There is lack of scientific knowledge about the structural characterization, physicochemical and technological aspects of the carbohydrate content present in Jatropha elliptica roots. Thus, this work aim contributes with new data about the evaluation of chemical-structural, thermal and technological properties of starch extracted from “batata-de-teiú”. The starch presented low levels of ash, protein and total fiber and amylose content of 32.82%. The initial gelatinization temperature of “batata-de-teiú” starch was 70.1 °C, peak temperature was 73.84 °C and final 85.52 °C, and starch had low trend to retrogradation. The results of x-ray and 13C cpmass show a A-type structure with high crystallinity degree. Finally, this results suggested that the “batata-de-teiú” starch is a macromolecular structure with high branching degree, favoring intermolecular Coulomb, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions, which directly corroborated with the low solubility observed (maximum of 6.44 g·100 g−1 at 80 °C). The extraction of “batata-de-teiú” starch can be viable, and it has technological characteristics suitable for use in the food industry or pharmaceuticals, since “batata-de-teiú” starch has good thermal stability and low trend to retrogradation.
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    Structure elucidation of a bioactive fucomannogalactan from the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus
    (2019) Oliveira, Ruberney da Silva de; Biscaia, Stellee Marcela Petris; Bellan, Daniel de Lima; Viana, Sthefany Rodrigues Fernandes; Leal, Maria Carolina Bezerra Di Medeiros; Vasconcelos, Ana Flora Dalberto; Liao, Luciano Morais
    A fucomannogalactan (FMG-Hm), with a molecular weight of 17.1 kDa, obtained from fruiting bodies of Hypsizygus marmoreus exhibited promising in vitro antimelanoma effects. FMG-Hm was not cytotoxic, nor did it alter the cell morphology and proliferation, but was able to inhibit colony-forming ability and cell migration in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. An analysis of the monosaccharide composition indicated that FMG-Hm was composed of fucose, mannose, and galactose in a ratio of 1.00:1.08:3.17. The FMG-Hm was structurally characterized based on methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR experiments. The results indicated that FMG-Hm contained a α-(1→6)-linked galactopyranosyl main chain, partially substituted at O-2 by non-reducing ends of α-L-fucopyranose and β-D-mannopyranose. The predicted structure of the heteropolysaccharide was established as:
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    A polyalanine peptide derived from polar fish with anti-infectious activities
    (2016-02-26) Cardoso, Marlon Henrique e Silva; Ribeiro, Suzana Meira; Silva, Diego Oliveira Nolasco da; Fuente Nunez, César de la; Felício, Mário Romão; Gonçalves, Sónia; Matos, Carolina Oliveira; Liao, Luciano Morais; Santos, Nuno C.; Franco, Octavio Luiz; Migliolo, Ludovico; Hancock, Robert E. W.
    Due to the growing concern about antibiotic-resistant microbial infections, increasing support has been given to new drug discovery programs. A promising alternative to counter bacterial infections includes the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have emerged as model molecules for rational design strategies. Here we focused on the study of Pa-MAP 1.9, a rationally designed AMP derived from the polar fish Pleuronectes americanus. Pa-MAP 1.9 was active against Gram-negative planktonic bacteria and biofilms, without being cytotoxic to mammalian cells. By using AFM, leakage assays, CD spectroscopy and in silico tools, we found that Pa-MAP 1.9 may be acting both on intracellular targets and on the bacterial surface, also being more efficient at interacting with anionic LUVs mimicking Gram-negative bacterial surface, where this peptide adopts α-helical conformations, than cholesterol-enriched LUVs mimicking mammalian cells. Thus, as bacteria present varied physiological features that favor antibiotic-resistance, Pa-MAP 1.9 could be a promising candidate in the development of tools against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria.