Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus inhibits virulence factors and promotes metabolic changes in Candida yeast
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2014-10
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Resumo
This is the fi rst study to examine the in vitro susceptibility and the expression of virulence factors in Candida
species in the presence of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae), a Brazilian plant known as pau-
cravo. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of the crude ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of this
plant were investigated. Methods: The in vitro susceptibility of Candida was tested using the broth microdilution method,
whereas an XTT reduction assay was used for biofi lms. Adherence was determined by counting the number of yeast cells that
adhered to 100 oral epithelial cells, and hyphal formation was verifi ed in the hyphal induction medium M199. Flow cytometry
with propidium iodide and FUN-1 was performed to assess the mechanism of action. Results: The results revealed that the crude
ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of P. pseudocaryophyllus inhibited the growth of Candida isolates at a
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 64 to 256μg/mL, whereas the 50% sessile minimal inhibitory concentration
(SMIC 50 ) ranged from 512 to >1,024μg/mL. Adherence and hyphal formation were signifi cantly reduced in the presence of the
crude ethanol extract and both fractions. Although cell membrane injury was detected, the predominant mechanism of action
appeared to be the alteration of yeast metabolism, as demonstrated by fl ow cytometry. Conclusions: Our results indicated that
antifungal activity reduced the expression of virulence factors in yeast via the alteration of yeast metabolism, suggesting that the
crude extract of P. pseudocaryophyllus and its fractions may contain novel antifungal agents.
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Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus, Metabolic changes, Candida spp., Antifungal activity, Virulence factors
Citação
EL ASSAL, Flávio Ezeddinne; PAULA, Joelma Abadia Marciano; CAPELETTI, Leonardo Silva; ABRÃO, Fernando Yano; ATAÍDES, Fábio Silvestre; SÁ, Fabyola Amaral da Silva; COSTA, Carolina Rodrigues; FERNANDES, Orionalda de Fátima Lisboa; SOUZA, Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto; SILVA, Maria do Rosario Rodrigues. Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus inhibits virulence factors and promotes metabolic changes in Candida yeast. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Uberaba, v. 47, n. 5, p. 618-623, Sept./Oct. 2014.