Considerações sobre a eficácia da estratégia de prevenção e profilaxia na transmissão vertical do HIV no sus: um estudo de revisão

Abstract

Aims: Review the efficacy of prevention and prophylactic strategies for the vertical transmission of HIV reported in the searched papers. Methods: Systematized review of papers published between 2007 and 2009. The bibliographic sources were from LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED. ln arder to be presented in this review, 1 O papers have been selected. lhe articles not found in full version nor related to HIV with obstetrics were crossed out from this research, as well as the studies not regarded with actions within the Brazilian Health System (SUS). Outcomes: From the studies assessed in this review about 77.8% showed relevant efficacy of the interventions proposed by the Health Ministry, and 22.2% still mention great challenges for the steps implementation as suggested. Among the several obstacles shown, the most recurring in the studies are: difficulty of access to antenatal care (40%) and difficulties of access to anti-HIV test (20%). Among the factors associated with the exposure of the pregnant woman to HIV, unsafe sexual practices with the only sexual partner as the main risk factor. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment in HIV vertical transmission have evolved, and are stated as an effective strategy, since there is a reduction of vertical transmission rates in the country. The access barriers to this treatment should be reviewed and overcome, thus contributing to lower rates of morbidity and mortality rate due to this injury.