Ciudad de Goiás (Brasil): entre la memoria de la pérdida y la construcción de un patrimonio
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2014-12
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La ciudad de Goiás, fundada en 1726, fue el centro político de la
provincia de Goiás (Brasil) hasta 1937, cuando el gobierno autoritario del
“Estado Novo” decidió que otra ciudad sería construida para abarcar la
capital de la provincia. Con la creación de la nueva capital, Goiânia, la
ciudad de Goiás fue destituida del estatuto de capital de la provincia. La
violencia material y simbólica con la cual fue emprendido el cambio de la
capital causó consecuencias que todavía hoy son sentidas y narradas por sus
ciudadanos, llamados “vilaboenses”. Temiendo por el destino de Goiás, la
elite cultural local engendró el futuro de la ciudad por medio de las
categorías cultura, tradición y patrimonio. La perdida de la centralidad
política insertó a los habitantes de la ciudad de Goiás en el proceso de
invención de las diferenciaciones locales y en la lucha de las identidades
regionales. Simultáneamente, el centro histórico de la ciudad fue reconocido
por el Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) como
patrimonio nacional. La cultura y la tradición, accedidas por los agentes
locales, aliadas a los valores estéticos, generados por los expertos del
patrimonio, garantizaron la gran eficacia en el trabajo de construcción de la
ciudad patrimonial que llevó la ciudad a lograr el título de patrimonio
mundial, outorgado por United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) en 2001. En este trabajo, interpreto (1) la relación
indisociable entre la memoria del trauma del traslado de la capital y las
narrativas que sostuvieron el proceso de patrimonialización del centro
histórico de la ciudad; y (2) el proceso por el cual identidad y patrimonio se
aliaron en el contexto de estetización del paisaje urbano, objetificación de la
cultura vilaboense y constitución de lugares de memoria, resaltando el
carácter conflictual y excluyente que subyace en los procesos de
patrimonialización.
The town of Goiás, founded in 1726, was the political center of the province of Goiás, Brazil, up to 1937, when the authoritarian government of the New State decided that another city should be built to be the province´s capital city. The new capital Goiania was founded and the town of Goiás lost its status as capital city of the province. The material and symbolic violence in the change caused several consequences which are still felt and narrated by the inhabitants called “Vilaboenses”. Henceforth, the local cultural elite prepared the future of the town through cultural, traditional and heritage categories. The loss of political centrality inserted its inhabitants within the process of the invention of local differentiators and regional identities. At the same time, the historical downtown was acknowledged as a national heritage by the Brazilian Institute of Historical and National Heritage (IPHAN). Culture and tradition and aesthetic values generated by heritage experts warranted great efficiency in the construction of a heritage capital that made the town obtain the title of world heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2001. Current essay investigates (1) the indissoluble relationship between the memory of the trauma of the transition of the capital and the narratives that underscore the process of heritage-building of the city´s historical downtown; (2) the process by which identity and heritage united within the aesthetic context of urban landscape, the objectification of the Goiás culture and the constitution of places of memory, with special reference to the conflict and excluding characteristics that underlie the Heritage process.
The town of Goiás, founded in 1726, was the political center of the province of Goiás, Brazil, up to 1937, when the authoritarian government of the New State decided that another city should be built to be the province´s capital city. The new capital Goiania was founded and the town of Goiás lost its status as capital city of the province. The material and symbolic violence in the change caused several consequences which are still felt and narrated by the inhabitants called “Vilaboenses”. Henceforth, the local cultural elite prepared the future of the town through cultural, traditional and heritage categories. The loss of political centrality inserted its inhabitants within the process of the invention of local differentiators and regional identities. At the same time, the historical downtown was acknowledged as a national heritage by the Brazilian Institute of Historical and National Heritage (IPHAN). Culture and tradition and aesthetic values generated by heritage experts warranted great efficiency in the construction of a heritage capital that made the town obtain the title of world heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2001. Current essay investigates (1) the indissoluble relationship between the memory of the trauma of the transition of the capital and the narratives that underscore the process of heritage-building of the city´s historical downtown; (2) the process by which identity and heritage united within the aesthetic context of urban landscape, the objectification of the Goiás culture and the constitution of places of memory, with special reference to the conflict and excluding characteristics that underlie the Heritage process.
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Palavras-chave
Patrimonio, Museos, Historia oral, Lugares de la memoria, Heritage museums, Oral history, Sights of memory, Patrimônio, Museus, História oral, Lugares da memória
Citação
TAMASO, Izabela. Ciudad de Goiás (Brasil): entre la memoria de la pérdida y la construcción de un patrimonio. Diálogos, Maringá, v. 18, n. 3, p. 1083, set./dez. 2014.