Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Item Expressão de genes ortólogos relacionados à tolerância à seca em arroz(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-04) Abreu, Fernanda Raquel Martins; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Pereira, Maristela; Vianello, Rosana PereiraDrought, a major problem concerning a sustainable rice production in Brazil and worldwide, is responsible for a series of plant responses, including modification in gene expression, accumulation of metabolites and protein synthesis. In order to verify the correspondence between five Arabidopsis genes (PLDα1, LEW2, GluR2, Lsi1 e EIN2), previously related to drought tolerance, and their respective orthologs in rice, the present study analyzed two contrasting rice genotypes for drought, Douradão, the tolerant genotype, and Primavera, the susceptible one. The genotypes were submitted to drought stress and subsequently evaluated for gene expression by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The comparison of gene expression, between leaf and root tissues, showed a greater expression in roots, within their vegetative stage, and leaves, within their reproductive stage. Differential expression were observed mainly among the genes whose orthologs in Arabidopsis encode phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) and ethylene-insensitive protein (EIN2); these proteins are directly related to abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that when identified in higher concentration in cells triggers the expression of drought stress-responsive genes, besides it is also responsible for the regulating the water loss (by transpiration) by controlling of stomatal movement. The results suggested that orthologs genes were in fact drought stress-responsive genes in rice, and emphasized the feasibility of PLDα1 and EIN2 overexpression in rice plants, supporting plant breeding programs in the development of drought tolerant genotypes.Item Variabilidade genética quantitativa e molecular em uma coleção de germoplasma de Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-15) Almeida Júnior, Edivaldo Barbosa de; Chaves, Lázaro José; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Chaves, Lázaro José; Vasconcellos, Breno de Faria e; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC)., is a native species of Cerrado. The plant is known for fruit production, which are used in natura or processed in several ways. It also provides food for the local fauna and, therefore, it conservation is important for maintenance for the communities. In order to maintain the productivity potential of the species, we should invest on plant breeding programs. To support these programs and help the species conservation, it is important to characterize the genetic variability available to breeders, both in germplasm collections and natural populations. This could also help to recommend priority areas to collect and conserve the germplasm. Neutral molecular markers have been used to evaluate the distribution of genetic variability in natural populations. The genetic structure of populations is the result of historical interaction between genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. To detect the influence of adaptive processes in the genetic differentiation of populations we used 𝑄𝑆𝑇 index. The comparison of 𝑄𝑆𝑇 to the 𝐹𝑆𝑇, for neutral loci, provides values to test hypotheses about the role of natural selection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the germplasm collection of the cagaiteira from the EA/UFG. We used quantitative traits and microsatellite markers to make inferences about the role of natural selection in the differentiation of the cagaiteira subpopulations of Goiás, Southeast Brazil. Data collected from the quantitative traits were: plant height (AB), height of the first bifurcation (AB), the stem circumference (CC) and mean diameter of the crown projection (DC), leaf length (CL), leaf width (LL), leaf format (FF) and footstalk length (CP). Molecular data were obtained by amplification of eight microsatellite loci. We estimated the following quantitative genetic parameters: heritability and genetic variation coefficient, and the molecular parameters: gene diversity and allelic richness. We compared the probability distributions of the genetic structure parameters for both, quantitative and molecular data (𝑄𝑆𝑇 vs. 𝐹𝑆𝑇). From the quantitative genetic parameters we found modest responses to selection for the traits: AP, CC and DC; and significant responses for CL, LL, FF and CP. It was observed that the samples collected in natural populations are well represented in the germplasm collection, supported by molecular gene diversity. The traits AP, DC and DC are under convergent natural selection, and the traits CL, LL, FF and CP are under divergent natural selection into the cagaiteira subpopulations of Southeast Goiás.Item Qualidade de grãos em feijoeiro-comum: estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, interação com ambientes, eficiência de seleção e correlação entre caracteres(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-29) Almeida, Danilo Valente; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Silva, Fernanda de Cássia; Ribeiro, Nerinéia DalfolloCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops related to human feeding playing an important role in ensuring food security. Bean is an important source of protein, besides providing considerable amount of fiber and micronutrients as iron and zinc. Thus, the search for genotypes with high nutritional value grains and that meet standards for commercialization is among the objectives of common bean breeding program, specially the carioca grain type one, the preferred, according to the demand for more nutritious and fast foods. Thus, this work has for objectives: I) To investigate the genetic variability and the environment and genotype-environment interaction effects on seed iron (FeC), zinc (ZnC), crude fiber (CF) and protein content (PC), cooking time (CT), grain yield (GY), 100 grain weight (GW), sieve yield (SY), grain color at harvest (GCH) and grain color after 90 days of storage (GCS); II) To evaluate the degree of information of evaluations for grain quality conducted in an environment; III) To estimate genetic parameters and genetic gains for FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT; IV) To estimate phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between grain quality traits and GY; V) To select advanced common bean lines with carioca grain type superior for grain quality. 81 common bean lines with carioca grain type were evaluated in Preliminary Tests (PT) in triple lattice design 9x9 with plots of two 4-meter rows. In these trials the traits GY, SY and GW were evaluated and FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT were evaluated in only one PT. In this trial the phenotypic and genetic parameters and the genetic gains were estimated. The 20 superior lines were selected considering FeC, ZnC, CF, PC and CT and then evaluated in Validation Tests (VT), conducted in 9environments, between 2015 and 2017, in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and plots of one 4-meters row. Analysis of variance and joint analysis were performed for all the grain quality traits FeC, ZnC, CF, PC, CT, GY, SY, GCH, GCS and GW evaluated on VT. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations were estimated between the traits FeC, ZnC and GY. The phenotypic adaptability and stability parameters were estimated based on the method proposed by Nunes et al. (2005) and the selection of the best genotypes for grain quality was performed based on the index of Mulamba & Mock (1978). The preliminar evaluation of the grain quality traits was efficient and suficient for selecting the superior genotypes for FeC, CF, PC and CT, however, based on the GxE interaction detected, it is recommended to evaluate in at least 2 environments. Significant effects of genotype, environment and genotype-environment were detected for all the traits evaluated on VT. Based on the genetic variability detected, genetic gains can be obtained with the selection for FeC, ZnC, PC and CT, but for CF the available variability is a challenge to obtain important gains. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between FeC and ZnC were significant, wich indicate simultaneous gains for these traits. The lines CNFC 16627, CNFC 16518, CNFC 16602, CNFC 16615 and CNFC 16520 can be used for the improvement of carioca grain quality.Item Variabilidade morfoagronômica da coleção de germoplasma de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) da Universidade Federal de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-28) Almeida, Gabriella Queiroz de; Telles, Mariana P. Campos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707329E5; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783820E2; Chaves, Lázaro José; Peixoto, Nei; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThis study aimed to characterize the Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) Germplasm Collection owned by the Universidade Federal de Goiás, by measuring 40 morpho-agronomic characters. The collection was designed in randomized blocks with 57 treatments (progenies) and four replications, totaling 192 individual accesses, which represent 29 natural populations and four botanical varieties. The variance components estimation was done using random model, and REML procedure, considering the effects of botanical varieties, populations within varieties, progenies within populations and individuals within progenies. Considering 40 morpho-agronomic characters, it was observed that there is significant genetic variability in seven characters among the progenies, 24 characters among the populations and 18 characters among botanical varieties. In addition, individual heritability was higher than 50% in 21 of them. The highest percentual individual selection gain was estimated for the character number of fruits produced by each plant. Significant correlation in some biometric characters between young and adult plants was noticed, including their productivity, which suggests the possibility of early selection. Among the 55 genetic correlations among the agronomic characters, 25 were significative. The fruit production peak occurred between June and October, H. speciosa var. cuyabensis being the most productive one. Multivariate analyses results showed that H. speciosa var. speciosa is the most genetically different in comparison with the others. The characters suggested as minimum quantitative descriptors for the Mangaba tree were: leaf length and width, petiole length and diameter, length between the knot, corolla diameter, flower peduncle diameter, fruit length and diameter, number of fruits, plant height and first branching heightItem Eficiência da seleção para qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-29) Alvarenga, Luís Gabriel Silva; Silva Filho, João Luis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0608088933335198; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Silva Filho, João Luis da; Tarazi, Roberto; Chaves, Lázaro JoséCotton fiber is the main feedstock used in the world textile industry. It is determined by several traits of complex inheritance, influenced by the environment, and which can be negatively correlated with each other, hindering genetic gains in selection for fiber quality. The aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to cotton fiber quality; propose a graphical method to measure the gain with the selection using different intensities of selection; and to verify the viability of SCI and CSP as selection indices for fiber quality. From the cross between the cotton cultivars BRS 336, conventional with high quality fiber, and DP 164 B2RF, transgenic with medium quality fiber, two populations were carried out: one using the bulk breeding method, and another from the backcross with the cultivar BRS 336. Fiber samples of F5:6 (bulk) and F3:4RC3 (backcross) progenies were analyzed using HVI apparatus, which evaluates the fiber quality by measuring the traits length (C), maturity (MAT), uniformity (U), micronaire (MIC), elongation (ELG), short fiber index (FC), resistance (R), degree of yellowing (b), the spin-consistency index (SCI) and the reliability index (CSP). Genetic variability was observed among progenies for R, MIC, ELG, C and FC, confirming the complexity of these traits. The means of the two populations met the needs of the industry, indicating the presence of genotypes with commercial potential. Estimates of heritability ranged from 3.29% (Rb - F5:6) to 59.92% (C - F3:4RC3). All traits showed genetic correlations with at least one trait, and negative correlation was observed between C and the traits PF, MIC, MAT and FC. The CSI index presented a negative correlation with FP, MAT and FC, and positive correlation with C and R. The SCI index showed a negative correlation with MIC and MAT, and a positive correlation with C. The selection of the 20% best progenies using both indices presented favorable responses for C, R and FC, with expected reduction in FP, and without significant influence on the other traits. The graphs of the correlated response were more informative than the estimates obtained through the equation, since they do not need the values of genetic correlation, and allow the analysis considering several intensities of selection. The graphs of heritability showed that the selection gains were reduced or negative for some traits as the selection intensity increased. The strategy of using the gain graphs using different intensities of selection is efficient and easy to be implemented by breeding programs, especially when the objective of the program is to evaluate complex traits, influenced by other characters, such as cotton fiber quality.Item Métodos de obtenção de novas fontes de resistência à brusone foliar por meio da cultura de tecidos em arroz (oryza sativa)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-10) Alves, Lays Lohanne; Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2687017480805879; Sibov, Sergio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Araújo, Leila Garcês; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895211901348365; Araújo, Leila Garcês; Lobo, Válacia Lemes da Silva; Castro, Adriano Pereira de; Guedes, Márcio LisboaRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of world's population. The productivity in all cropping systems is affected by the blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), the main rice disease, can cause losses of up to 100% depending on climatic conditions and the virulence of the pathogen. Obtaining new sources of blast resistance is very important for the management of this disease. Double haploid populations allow acceleration of lineage fixation as allows homozygotes to be achieved in just one generation. Somaclonal variation is another tissue culture technique successfully used for the induction of blunt mutations. The objective of the present work is to obtain new sources of resistance to leaf blast in populations of double haploids and somaclones. For this, callus induction and plant regeneration were performed from the anthers of BRS Primavera x CNA 923 and immature panicles of the cross between the cultivars Metica-1 and Cica- 8.In a greenhouse, R2 plants were inoculated with the IB-1 and IB-45 pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae, from the cultivars Metica-1 and Cica-8, respectively. For each pathotype a population of 800 plants was used. On the seventh day after inoculation, leaf blast severity was evaluated using the scale of scores ranging from 0 to 9, with a score of 0 to 3, representing resistance reactions and 4 to 9, susceptibility reactions. The severity of the blast was evaluated in a population of 50 plants on generation R2 somaclones with each parent (Metica-1 and Cica-8) and their respective M. oryzae races (IB-1 and IB-45). For severity, four evaluations were performed at 48-hour intervals to calculate the area below the disease progress curve (AACPD). The data were submitted to the T test in the SPSS program. Of a total of 800 plants inoculated with the IB-45 breed, 644 plants were resistant and 156 showed susceptibility reactions. For the IB-1 breed, 664 resistant and 136 susceptible R2 plants were obtained, indicating the induction of genetic variation in relation to leaf blast resistance in the initial generations. The T-test showed a significant difference in the severity of blast between the parents and the somaclones, with a mean of 32.96% for the Metica-1 cultivar and 3.36% for the somaclones inoculated with the IB-1 breed, and 34,24 % for the cultivar Cica-8, in contrast whit 7.59% for the somaclones inoculated with the IB-45 breed. There was a significant reduction of the AACPD, with a mean of 56.76% for Metica-1 and 6.22 for the somaclones inoculated with the IB-1 race and 66.83% for the Cica-8 and 12.1 for the somaclones inoculated with the IB -45. There was a significant the somaclones inoculated with the two races, demonstrating that somaclonal variation produces sources of resistance to the pathogen. The R2 plants that presented resistance reaction to the two races were selected and transplanted for generation advance aiming at new sources of blast resistance, thus contributing to the rice breeding program.Item Desenvolvimento de marcadores microssatélites para Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão - Fabaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-27) Barateli, Luciana Oliveira; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Brito, Cíntia Pelegrineti Targueta de Azevedo; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Telles, Mariana Pires de CamposStryphnodendron adstringens presents a wide geographical distribution, being predominant in regions of Cerrado sensu stricto and is popularly known as "barbatimão". It is a species widely used in herbal medicine because of its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiulcerogenic potential. The Cerrado’s removal of vegetation cover reduces significantly the number of several native species, among them S. adstringens. Thus, it is important that efficient strategies for the use and conservation of this species are drawn. In order to provide molecular tools for studies of genetic diversity and conservation of S. adstringens, the present work had the objective of developing microsatellite markers for the species. Genomic DNA was obtained from leaf tissue using the CTAB protocol. The identification of the microsatellite regions and the design of the primers were performed using the QDD program modules. From the identified microsatellite regions, 20 pairs of primers were designed, 14 of which flank microsatellite regions composed of dinucleotides, four by tetranucleotides and two by pentanucleotides. Initially, four individuals were used for the standardization tests of the PCR protocol and annealing temperatures. Subsequently, 48 individuals were selected, distributed in three populations, to evaluate polymorphism via 6% polyacrylamide gel. Of the 20 pairs of primers evaluated, 16 presented polymorphic amplification products and four monomorphic amplification products. Considering the 16 polymorphic markers, the number of alleles varied between two (SadH19) and 13 (SadH13), with a mean of seven alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected (He) and PIC values were 0.506, 0.543, 0.635, respectively. The mean Hmax value founded (65,519) indicates values of genetic diversity that can be considered medians for this set of loci evaluated in three populations of S. adstringens. On the other hand, although genetic diversity is median, this set of 16 polymorphic markers exhibited a ombined probability of paternity exclusion high (0.9999983) and combined probability of genetic identity low (3,49x10-15). The analysis of variance of allelic frequencies presented significant values for two of the three estimated statistics with f not significant 0.050, significant θ equal to 0,329 and F in the overall value also significant 0.360. Thus, it can be concluded that the panel of polymorphic markers developed for S. adstringens is highly informative and indicated for population genetic studies for the species. Another important factor is that these markers can be tested in other evolutionarily close species for the availability of microsatellite markers, without the need to develop new primers.Item Progresso genético para produção de grãos obtido em doze anos de melhoramento da população elite de arroz de terras altas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-10) Barros, Matheus Souza de; Morais, Orlando Peixoto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2175152793170778; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Morais, Orlando Peixoto de; Torga, Paula Pereira; Silva Filho, João Luiz daThe genetic improvement resulted from plant breeding acts decisively in maintaining the supply of agricultural foods like rice. The contribution of this genetic improvement to increase productivity is expressed in many crops by genetic progress which represents the genetic changes in the course of the selection cycles, and promotes the advance of genotypic average towards selection. Among the strategies adopted to increase the gain by selection, the early generation selection proves to be promising. This work has aimed to evaluate the genetic potential for selecting upland rice progenies and estimate the genetic progress for grain yield. The data used in this study were obtained from the progeny yield trials conducted in the period of eleven agricultural years 2002/03 to 2012/13 conducted by Embrapa Rice and Beans. The traits analyzed were grain yield (kg ha-1), plant height (cm) and days to flowering (day). In each year of the experiment, a group of progeny was tested in four to six sites. It was used Federer's augmented block design without replication per site in seven years and with at least three checks, in four years of the series were used two replications. The experimental data within each year were submitted to joint analysis. A mixedeffects linear model was applied for estimating the components of variance by the method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML). From this estimate of the components, it was calculated the genetic and phenotypic parameters, in addition the selective accuracy, the experimental precision coefficient, the experimental variation coefficient and relative variation coefficient. The genetic progress was estimated by the method of generalized linear regression of the adjusted means of progeny groups evaluated in each year by the mixed model approach. The estimates of the relative annual mean gain and the total relative gain for the three studied traits were also obtained. The estimates of genetic variance among progenies for grain yield were highly significant (p < 0.001), except for the progeny group evaluated in 2007. The heritability estimation ranging from 0.22 to 0.69 that, associated with the selective accuracy, indicates the expected level of efficiency with early generation selection in each group of progenies. For Plant height and daysto- flowering, the genetic variance estimates were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in all groups. The variance components for these traits led to a rather high heritability estimation that suggests favorable conditions for selection in early generations. The genetic progress for grain yield (80.5 kg ha-1 yr-1) was highly significant. This value represents a relative annual mean gain of 2.88%. Throughout the period, the cumulative gain was estimated in 32.86% which indicates an increase of 918 kg ha-1 for grain yield. The response for plant height was not significant, suggesting that the height of progenies remained stable over the period. For days-to-flowering, it was detected significant increase in cycle length, indicated by the cumulative increase of the vegetative period in about five days (6.73%). From these results we conclude that early generation selection, adopted by the breeding program, were effective in promoting the genetic gain for grain yield in the elite populations.Item Mapeamento de QTL para componentes de produção em arroz sob duas condições de irrigação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-30) Benício, Cristyene Gonçalves; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesRice (Oryza sativa L.) has great social and economic importance worldwide. Produce food for a growing world population, promoting increased productivity in environmentally appropriate conditions, it one of the great challenges of breeding programs. Rice production based on seasonal rainfall, typical of upland rice (rainfed), today represents about 40% of Brazilian production. The agricultural irrigation consumes much of the planet's fresh water, and restricting the use of water resources is a reality. With the rising cost of water for agriculture and potential shortages in some regions of the planet, the development of plants more efficient in the water use is a priority demand of breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the polymorphism of a set of microsatellite markers (SSRs) and SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and use them for mapping QTL for yield components under two irrigation conditions. The parentals Douradão (drought tolerant) and Primavera (susceptible to drought) resulted in a segregating population consisting of 221 F2:5, which were genotyped with fluorescent SSR markers in analyzer ABI3100 (Applied Biosystems) and SNP markers developed for the GoldenGate platform based on Veracode technology (Illumina). Among the 86 SSRs, 11 (12.8%) did not amplify and 41 (54.7%) were polymorphic. Among the 1920 SNPs, 316 (16.45%) did not amplify for both parentals and 46 (2.87%) were polymorphic. The parentals and their progeny were evaluated in two trials (with and without water deficit) in 12x19 rectangular lattice design with two replications. The composite interval mapping analysis identified 53 QTL, 10 of which related to ISS (index of susceptibility to drought) and five to productivity in water stress condition. Among the identified QTL it were found putative genes related to plant abiotic stress defense mechanisms. Families CNAx15128-70-B, CNAx15128-118-B, CNAx15128-74-B and CNAx15128-120-B showed higher yield under drought and lower ISS. These families may be evaluated by rice breeding programs aiming the development of superior cultivars.Item Caracterização genética de uma população base do programa de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar da Ridesa/UFG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-21) Carneiro, Karla da Silva; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723538Z2; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Nunes, Camila de Marillac Costa; Lopes, LorennaIn Brazil, the history of sugarcane is related to the social, economic and politic country development. Sugarcane cultivation is considered as the first organized economic activity in the country. The main purpose of sugarcane cultivation is for sugar and biofuel production, but in recent years the energy production from its biomass has also been explored, increasing the attention for this crop. Modern cultivated sugarcane varieties are hybrids from interspecific crosses between S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. The genetic breeding has given many contributions to sugarcane production and exploration, by the development of superior genotypes. The main sources of variability used in breeding programs are the germplasm banks. However, to explore these resources efficiently it is necessary to have basic information on the available levels of genetic diversity and on its structure, to support decisions on how they can be used in breeding programs. The purpose of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of a base population from the Ridesa/UFG sugarcane breeding program. A sample of 160 sugarcane clones were genotyped using 37,914 SNP markers. The population showed medium levels of genetic diversity. The average Nei’s gene diversity index was estimated to be 0,173, while the medium observed heterozygosity was a little higher (0,236). The genetic divergence, estimated by Roger’s modified distance varied from 0,20 to 0,30. SNP markers were efficient to identify individuals that are genetic divergent or similar, even without genealogy information. The population structure analysis, performed with the software Structure, suggested the existence of two clusters. Each clone had a fraction of its genome inside these two clusters, corroborating the fact that modern sugarcane cultivars are essentially hybrids. Our results suggest that, given the low level of genetic structure among clones, from the breeding programs standpoint, the evaluated population can be managed as weakly structured, although some small groups, including a small number of clones, had been detected. Among the evaluated clones, the least divergent pairs were those formed by the genotypes 023 and 011, and 066 and 036. The most divergent pairs were formed by the clones 131 and 084, and 131 and 063.Item Antagonismo entre Magnaporthe oryzae e o fungo micorrízico Rhizoctonia sp.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-25) Carvalho, Jacqueline Campos Borba de; Kato, Lucília; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Kato, Lucília; Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva; Filippi, Marta Cristina da Corsi diRice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch [anamorfo - Pyricularia oryzae Cav.] occurs in all rice growing regions of the world. The sustainable agriculture requires the introduction of biological control as one of the components in the integrated disease management. The microorganisms associated to plants are capable of producing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids which may have a role in biological control. The objective of the present study consists, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites of the micorrhizal fungus Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from Epidendrum nocturnum and evaluate in vitro and in vivo antagonism to M. oryzae. Ten fungal isolates were used to test the antibiosis against M. oryzae. The isolate En07 of Rhizoctonia sp. exhibited a greater halo of inhibition and consequently was considered the best in vitro antagonist to M. oryzae. Crude, mycelial and lyophilized extracts of micorrhizal isolate were obtained. The analysis by CCD of these three extracts showed positive results in relation to Dragendorff, indicating the presence of phenolics. The analysis of RMN 1H and masses showed the presence of aromatic hydrogens and phenolics. Five concentrations of each extract were prepared and utilized in the studies on in vitro mycelial inhibition of M. oryzae and observed 77.86% of pathogen reduction by crude extract (700 μg/mL). Two crude extract treatments (520 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml) significantly reduced the radial growth of the pathogen compared to control. The crude extract showed best results for mycelia inhibition of the pathogen, followed by lyophilized and mycelial extracts. In two trials, the crude extract at 0.52 μg.μL-1 also reduced the formation of appressoria of M. oryzae by 100%. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted on leaf blast suppression with the cultivar Primavera, using completely randomized design with three replications. In both these trials, the mycelial extract (1860 μg/ml and M.o 3x105) showed marked reduction of leaf blast severity in relation to control by 59.27% and 77.58% respectively. In the second trial, the second treatment (1040 μg/mL and M.o3x105) of crude extract reduced AUDPC by 64.63% compared to control. The results showed that the metabolites of Rhizoctonia sp. posses great potential for biological control of rice blast.Item Caracterização de híbridos e associação entre caracteres para produção de silagem em milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-07-18) Ciappina, Angelina Luzia; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Silva, Adelmo Resende da; Silva, Wilton Ladeira; Resende, Marcela Pedroso MendesThe corn hybrids available on the market do not have all the desired traits for making silages with good nutritional value and high productivity. To carry out an improvement breeding program achieve these objectives, it is necessary to characterize the genotypes that can form the base populations of the programs and to understand the interrelationship between the various characters of interest to draw up the best strategies improvement. The objectives of the present work were: i) to perform the agronomic and bromatological characterization of maize hybrids, aiming at the identification of superior genotypes that may comprise base populations of maize breeding programs for silage; ii) to study the interrelationship between characters agronomic and bromatological conditions in maize. Twenty one commercial maize hybrids were evaluated at the Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, in the 2017/18 harvest, in two experiments, using the conventional planting density of 55,500 plants.ha -1 , and with a density of 111,000 plants.ha -1 . The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, of a 4.00 m line with twenty plants spaced at 0.20 m. The line spacing was 0.90 m for the standard density and 0.45 m for the densified experiment. The evaluated characters were: male flowering; female flowering; range of flowering; plant height; ear height; ear placement; kernels per ear; number of grains per row; ear diameter; corncob diameter; grain length; ear length; ear weight; weight of one hundred grains; acidity (pH); dry matter content; mineral content; organic matter content; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber (NDF); acid detergent fiber (ADF); total digestible nutrients (TDN); green matter productivity and yield of matter dry. For the experiment with conventional planting density, genetic and phenotypic correlations between the two-to-two traits were estimated, and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on dry matter yield and TDN content. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was performed between the group of characters related to productivity and the group of characters related to silage quality. The increase in density resulted in increase in plant height and a reduction in the size of the ear and biomass produced per plant, however, resulting in higher production per hectare. The AS1596 and AG1051 hybrids presented the best performance, and can be used in the formation of base populations in maize breeding programs for the production and quality of silage, along with hybrids DKB310, BM3061, SHS7920, DKB390, P4285 and RB 9110. A strong relationship was identified between ear components and biomass productivity, and plants with higher grain yields can be used in the indirect selection for dry matter yield. The fiber contents presented a negative correlation with the digestibility of silage and positive with plant height. Knowledge of the indirect effects of the characters between them is important so that the breeder does not make hasty decisions based solely on the correlation estimate. Finally, it is possible to improve maize to simultaneously increase the productivity and the quality of the silage.Item Estrutura genética intrapopulacional e dispersão de pólen em Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-23) Costa, Camila Fernanda; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Chaves, Lázaro José; Martins, KarinaHancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) is a fruit species which has a wide distribution in areas of Cerrado vegetation type restricted sense. Its flowers have a complex pollination mechanism and unique, co-adapted to pollination by moths and butterflies and their fruits are dispersed by mammals large and medium-sized. It has high economic potential and its use has been conducted in an exploratory way. To implement conservation programs, breeding and enabling the commercial use of species, knowledge about the genetic variability, the spatial genetic structure, the reproductive system and gene flow in natural populations are needed. In this context, in the present study was performed the molecular characterization of the genetic variability in three stages of individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and the assessment of genetic structure spatial (adults and juveniles), of the system of crossing and of the gene flow via pollen in a subpopulation of Hancornia speciosa located in the State Park of Serra de Jaragua, Jaragua-GO. To this end, 113 adults and 100 juveniles were sampled and georeferenced in an area of approximately 2.5ha. Of the total number of adults, 20 trees were selected matrices to obtain seedlings and formation of families of open pollination. Genomic DNA was obtained from the leaves of all individuals (adults, juveniles and seedlings) and was amplified with the use of seven microsatellite loci for obtaining of genotypes. The analyzes of genetic diversity, of spatial structure, rates of cross-fertilization and distance of dispersal of pollen were obtained from these genotypes. The total number of alleles at seven loci evaluated was 125, with an average of 17.8 alleles per locus. For adults the mean allele was 15.8, for the juveniles was 13.5and the seedlings were 11alleles. The average total values of heterozigosidade expected (He) and observed (Ho) were equal to 0.750 and 0.698, respectively. In adults He = 0.750 and Ho =0.714, in juveniles He =0.744 and Ho =0.679 and in seedlings He = 0. 712 and Ho =0. 763. These values indicate that the subpopulation evaluated presents high levels of genetic diversity. The fixation index(f) waspositive and significantforthe generations ofadults(0.052, p <0.05)andjuvenile(0.087, p <0.05), indicating the existence of inbreeding in this subpopulation. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation evidenced that kinship is weakly related to the geographical distance in in bothstagesof lifeevaluated (adults: b= -0.00223, R2 = 0. 000514, p < 0.05 and juveniles: b: - 0.00440, R2 = 0.00148489; p < 0.001).Concomitantly the values of Sp were low and the size of neighborhoods (Nb) were high for the two generations. This result shows that there is no restriction of gene flow via seed and corroborates the hypothesis that the dispersal by animals have high potential to disperse the seeds over long distances.The rates of crossfertilization multilocus (tm= 1.000) and single locus (ts = 0.972 a 1.29) were high and significantly different from zero in all families. The difference in the rate of the crossfertilization multilocus and single locus combined for all families analyzed (tm-ts = 0. 077) was also positive and significant, suggesting that 7% of crossings that occur in this population are between related individuals. The correlation of selfing negative(rs=-0.999), indicates absence of selfing and the correlation of paternity(rp=0.107) not significantly different from zero (SD = 0.135) shows that this subpopulation no full siblings. Every subpopulation resulting outcrossing and individuals are evaluated relatives at least to the 15 level of half-brothers. The paternity analysis assigned pollen donors to 75.2% (64) seedlings, and 24 (37.5%) assignments at a confidence level of 85%, 30 (46.8%) assignments at 95% probability assignments and 10(15.6%) at a confidence level of 99%.This low assignment can be explained by sampling: due to the size of the total area of the population and distribution in aggregate, many individuals may not have been sampled. Moreover, the loci battery used in this analysis could not demonstrated the optimal values for the combined exclusion. Although the maximum distance of pollination has been of 292m and covers the entire area evaluated, most events of pollination (77%) occurred at distances less than 200m. The flowering in mass, the distribution in aggregate and the floral structure are the main responsible for predominance of events of cross-pollination at short distances.Item Clonagem e expressão de uma β-expansina de cana-de-açúcar na levedura Pichia pastoris(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-31) Costa, Ilítia Ganaê de Oliveira; Faria, Fabrícia Paula de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3739169267521003; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza; Georg, Raphaela de Castro; Siqueira, Saulo José Linhares; Colussi, FrancieliIn the last decades the search for new renewable energy sources have increased and one of the emerged technologies was the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (second generation ethanol). For obtaining fermentable sugars from biomass, a complex of enzymes and proteins that acts on polysaccharides of the plant cell wall is required. Expansins are proteins that can help enzymes in the degradation process, promoting the loosening of the cell wall of plants by breaking hydrogen bonds between cellulose fibers and hemicellulose. The superfamily of expansins has been described mainly in plants, although they are also found in fungi and bacteria. Four families are described to this superfamily: α-expansins, β-expansins, expansins-like A and expansins-like B. The α-expansins are present in most eudicots, whereas the β-expansins are involved in cellular expansion process of the monocots family Poaceae. To analyze the sequence and to verify the functional activity of a β-expansin on filter paper, in this work a gene of β-expansin (expb11) of sugarcane was isolated, cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Nucleotide sequences of expansin genes from sugarcane were initially obtained from the public SUCEST database using reference sequences of expansins from sorghum, maize and rice as query. A total of 227 ESTs were identified. These ESTs were submitted to clustering and 30 contigs and 92 singletons were obtained. Specific oligos were designed and used to capture the genomic fragment corresponding to the expb11 gene by PCR. The coding DNA fragment of expb11 was obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA extracted from stalks of the RB867515 sugarcane cultivar. This fragment was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector and subcloned into the pPIC9 vector. Genomic and cDNA fragments were sequenced. The expression cassette generated by subcloning into the pPIC9 expression vector was integrated into the P. pastoris strain GS115 genome, but it has not been possible to detect a functional activity of expansin. The expb11 gene comprises 1367 bp, containing 3 introns, and its cDNA is 801 bp long, with an ORF of 776 bp. The alignment of sugarcane and sorghum sequences of expb11 showed that the two species share a 95% sequence identity along these genes and that the gene structure is highly conserved in these species. The in silico analysis of the putative EXPB11 amino acid sequence allowed the detection of two conserved domains, one similar to the GH45 family, and the other to the carbohydrate binding module (CBM). The putative EXPB11 protein has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 26.4 kDa, an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.88, and contains two glycosylation sites. Our results confirmed that the isolated and cloned expb11 gene corresponds to a β-expansin gene from sugarcane, paving the way to the expression, isolation and use of recombinant EXPB11 in the mix of enzymes and proteins for lignocellulosic biomass degradation.Item Seleção de linhagens de milho a partir do esquema de topcrosses com testadores recíprocos intergrupos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Costa, Nayana Valéria; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; Corrêa, Luiza Vasconcelos TavaresThe method of topcrosses with reciprocal intergroup testers allows the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of means of hybrids and synthetic varieties, without the need for diallel crossing, which causes a reduction in the number of evaluated genotypes. The objectives of the present study were: i) to evaluate heterosis components and combining ability of two groups of maize S1 inbred lines derived from the UFG-Samambaia population; ii) to improve the procedure for analyzing heterosis components based on the use of topcrosses with reciprocal testers, including S2 inbred lines; iii) to predict the performance of synthetic and hybrid that can be obtained from selected inbred lines. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, with 60 S1 maize inbred lines derived from the UFG-Samambaia population, where 30 presented dent kernels (Group A) and 30 presented flint kernels (Group B). From the S1 inbred lines, 60 S2 inbred lines were obtained, 30 from group A and 30 from group B and 57 hybrids, where 27 were from group A inbred lines crossed with a mixture of group B inbred lines and 30 from group B inbred lines crossed with a mixture of group A inbred lines. The genotypes were divided into six trials and were included three common control treatments. A randomized block design with four replications was used and the variables analyzed were: male (FM) and female (FF) flowering, flowering interval (IF), plant height (AP) and ear height (AE), lodging and breaking (AQ), prolificacy (PROL), ears yield (PE) and grain yield (PG). Analysis of variance was performed for the individual trials and based on topcrosses. Parameter estimation and sum of squares of model effects were obtained from the least squares method. The general combining ability (CGC) and inbreeding depression (DP) were estimated from the effects of the model. The prediction of means for synthetics and hybrids was performed using the lines that presented higher estimates of general combining ability. The lines of the variety UFG-Samambaia presented genetic variability for the evaluated traits. The additive effects were decisive for the manifestation of all traits, which points to the possibility of genetic gain by recurrent selection. Most of the genotypes belonging to groups A (dent kernels) and B (flint kernels) showed potential for extracting inbred lines for later formation of hybrids. The dominance effects were more expressive for the traits related to productivity and had a strong influence on the components of heterosis and inbreeding depression. The inclusion of S2 inbred lines in the intergroup reciprocal topcrosses analysis model was effective for detailing the additive and dominance effects. Estimates of general combining ability pointed out the variability between inbred lines that can be used in the selection of hybrids. Prediction methods allowed the selection of superior inbred lines for the formation of synthetics with adequate productive potentials when crossed.Item Estimação de parâmetros genéticos e análise de trilha em uma população de milho com potencial para seleção recorrente(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-10-19) Crispim Filho, Ailton José; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Ramalho, Magno Antônio Patto; Chaves, Lázaro JoséRecurrent selection in half-sib progenies is the most used method for breeding maize populations. To be efficient, this method needs to count on populations that have genetic variability potential to be explored for agronomic traits of interest. In this sense, genetic and phenotypic parameters are estimated at each cycle in order to verify the magnitude and maintenance of the present variability, the possible gains with the selection and, thus, the potential and permanence of the population in the recurrent selection program. These parameters guide the best selection strategies to be adopted for the management of the breeding program. The objective of this study was: (i) to evaluate the genetic potential of the “Composto Calor” maize population (CCR1) for grain yield and its components to recurrent selection; (ii) compare the genetic gains obtained by the direct selection in grain yield with those obtained by the Z Index and the Mulamba & Mock Index; and (iii) to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between agronomic traits and the cause and effect relationships of the yield components with grain yield to establish criteria in the indirect selection process. Thus, 141 half-siblings progenies and three checks were evaluated using a 12 x 12 triple lattice design in 2017/2018 growing season in the UFG, Goiânia-GO and second crop 2017/2018 in the UFJ, Jataí-GO. The traits evaluated were: number of days to anthesis, number of days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, ear ratio, stalk lodging, ear prolificacy, kernels per row, number of grains per row, ear diameter, ear length, cob diameter, grains length, ear weight and grain yield. Significant differences were found among progenies for all traits, indicating the presence of variability. The genetic gains with selection ranged from -38.19% for anthesis-silking interval to 10.86% for grain yield, and the selection index of Mulamba & Mock showed better indirect response for this last trait. All traits exhibited at least one significant genetic or phenotypic correlation estimate, indicating that changes in one trait may change the mean of other correlated. Therefore, the CCR1 population has potential to recurrent selection, the selection index of Mulamba & Mock is more efficient in the selection of the progenies to be recombined in successive selection cycles, and plant height, ear diameter, and ear weight are the most appropriate traits to perform selection aiming to achieve indirect genetic gains for grain yield.Item RNA-Seq indica que Polietilenoglicol induz estresse de hipóxia nas raízes de Eucalyptus em hidroponia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-18) Fagundes, Lucas França; Novaes, Evandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0568272239145336; Novaes, Evandro; Antunes, Adriana Maria; Moraes, Moemy Gomes deDue in most part to the rapid growth and adaptability of the Eucalyptus in Brazil, the country's forestry sector is one of the most competitive of the world. Drought is one of the main obstacles of the culture, which has been expanding to the country’s interior regions such as the Cerrado biome. The objective of this work was to identify genes and biological processes involved in the responses of the Eucalyptus roots to drought. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments (control and deficit) x 3 root RNA gathering time (3, 6 and 12h after start of treatment) and three biological replicates (commercial clones 1528, I144, VM1). The plants grew in hydroponics for 50 days, before the experiment start by using PEG8000 to induce water deficit (osmotic potential of -0.9 MPa). The root RNA of the seedlings was extracted using the RNeasy Plant Mini® kit (Quiagen). RNA samples were sequenced on the HiSeq 2000 platform (Illumina), yielding approximately 626 million 50 bp sequences in single end mode. After quality control, the sequences were aligned in the reference genome of Eucalyptus grandis. After counting reads aligned on each gene, differential expression analyses were performed with edgeR package of R/Bioconductor. A total of 6169 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (FDR ≤ 5% and Log2 FoldChange > |2|) were identified. Of these, 3350 were up-regulated and 2819 were repressed under osmotic stress, considering all the time-series evaluations. At three hours after treatment the highest number of DEG was obtained, with 3150, followed by six hours (2494 DEG) and 12h (525 DEG). Functional enrichment analysis was performed with the Fisher exact test, by software Blast2GO, with the DEG associated with their respective Gene Ontology (GO) terms. As a total of 90 GO terms, enriched and non-redundant, was verified that our results indicate a rapid initial response of Eucalyptus roots induced by PEG 8000 in hydroponics. The most remarkable characteristics of this response under hydroponic conditions are: increased energy consumption via carbohydrate catabolism, activation of the glycolytic pathway, repression of the respiratory chain in the mitochondria, increase of the fermentation pathway, partial execution of the citric acid cycle and repression of the primary metabolism (DNA replication and RNA biosynthesis, development and growth). These enriched functional terms point to the predominance of hypoxia stress, induced by the high viscosity of PEG in hydroponics, as compared to the osmotic stress.Item Isolamento de bactérias endofíticas e estabelecimento in vitro de diferentes genótipos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-08-10) Faria, Paulo Roberto; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Carneiro, Maurízia de Fátima; Vieira, José Daniel GonçalvesIn micropropagation, plant tissue fragments called explants are isolated aseptically, disinfected and cultured in culture medium. However, oxidation and contamination are the main problems in the initiation of the tissue culture plants. In order to initiate the establishment of in vitro methodologies for selected sugarcane varieties a series of decontaminating treatments were performed in shoot tips with different exposure times and concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, casugamicin, ethanol and mercuric chloride. There were no problems with oxidation in any treatment. The use of reagent concentrations and times tested showed not be phytotoxic. Treatment using longer times of exposure to casugamicin and sodium hypochlorite obtained the lowest levels of contamination by fungi and bacteria. However, bacterial contamination rates were high which indicates the necessity of using new procedures for the decontamination process. It is known that the sugarcane is associated with different endophytic bacteria. In order to better study these endophytic bacteria and their relationship with the host plant, promoted the isolation of bacteria in explants of five different varieties of sugarcane: RB98710, RB34068, RB034130, RB034120 and RB034041 to determinate of morphological and physiological characteristics. The thirteen isolates have diversity for morphological and biochemical staining and are characterized as gram-positive. All of them had a production capacity of plant growth factors, and after antimicrobial susceptibility testing, two antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime showed the greatest potential for controlling the growth of the isolates. With microbial contamination controlled, studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on in vitro multiplication of shoot tip culture and its roots in three sugarcane varieties: RB98710, RB034041 and RB034130. We used liquid MS medium containing BAP, KIN, NAA and GA3 in different combinations and concentrations. The results showed that, for the three varieties tested, MS medium with 0.2 mg.L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 KIN are most suitable for higher production of shoots and that the best rooting results were obtained in semi-solid ½ MS medium with 6% sucrose, 5.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.2% activated charcoal. The plantlets were acclimatized and survivability under ex vitro conditions was 90%, three weeks after the transfer to the greenhouse.Item Progresso genético do programa de seleção recorrente para produtividade de grãos de feijoeiro-comum da EMBRAPA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-09-28) Farias , Filipe Cavalcante; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Silva, Fernanda de CássiaThe advantage of using recurrent selection is the increase of favorable alleles without significant loss of genetic variability present in the population. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic progress in two cycles of recurrent selection for grain yield, lodging resistance, plant architecture and commercial quality of grains and to study the adaptability and stability of the progenies of the two selective cycles. The 19 best progenies of cycle 0 (C0) and 20 of cycle 1 (C1) and three controls (BRS Cometa, BRS Pontal and BRS Estilo) were evaluated in nine environments. The 42 treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, with three replications. The plots consisted of two lines of four meters and spacing of 45 cm between rows. The estimated genetic progress (PG) was obtained based on the comparison of the means of the progenies selected in each cycle. Genetic variability was verified between the progenies of the two cycles for all evaluated characters. Genetic progress for grain yield was 11.5% (1.9% per year), plant architecture and lodging resistance 5.8% (0.9% per year) and 14% (2.3% per year), respectively. Regarding the commercial quality of grains, the genetic progress was 4.2% (0.7% per year), 1.9% (0.6%) 4.4% (0.73% per year) for mass of 100 grains, sieve yield and grain color score, respectively. It was also verified greater phenotypic stability of C1 progenies in relation to C0. These results prove the efficiency of the recurrent selection program in obtaining genetic gains for several complex inheritance characters.Item Genômica de organelas de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp. cultivar RB867515)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-29) Feitosa, Mayara Stefany da Silva Mariano; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Borba, Tereza Cristina De Oliveira; Novaes, EvandroSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is cultivated in more than 100 countries, where it is used as raw material to obtain sugar and bioethanol. Given its importance, many efforts have been carried out to characterize the genome of sugarcane cultivars. The eukaryotic genomes are confined in different cellular compartments that present different inheritance patterns. Plastids and mitochondria have their own genetic system, comprising DNA, RNA and all the demanded components for replication, transcription and protein synthesis, that occur inside these organelles. The primary function of chloroplasts and mitochondria is energy transduction. Chloroplasts are responsible to convert light into chemical energy during photosynthesis, while mitochondria provides energy to the cell in form of ATP molecules during respiration. In this work, the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of sugarcane cultivar RB867515 are assembled and characterized, using data from two next generation sequencing technologies – Illumina and PacBio. In chloroplasts, we sought to identify evidences of heteroplasmy, by using long reads from PacBio technology in the assembly process. In mitochondria, we investigated the occurrence of genetic and structural genomic variations. The assemblies were carried out using screened reads for the organellar genomes. These reads were selected by mapping whole genome shotgun reads to reference genome sequences of chloroplast and mitochondria, that are publicly available. The organellar reads were assembled using SPAdes and Organelle_PBA. Gene annotation was obtained using DOGMA, GeSeq and Mitofy tools. Two chloroplast haplotypes (isoforms) were identified in the cultivar RB867515. These isoforms are different from each other because they present a distinct orientation of the SSC (small single copy) region, confirming the hypothesis of chloroplast heteroplasmy in sugarcane. The genome of each chloroplast isoform comprises 141,181 bp, and shows a typic quadripartite structure, that includes a long single copy region (LSC) of 83,047 bp, which is flanked by two inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 22,795 bp and a small-single copy region (SSC), between IRs, of 12,544 bp. The assembled mitochondrial genome comprised two chromosomes of 300,765 bp and 194,383 bp. The estimates of GC (~44%) and AT (~56%) contents were similar to those obtained for other angiosperms. A total of 39 CDSs, 5hypothetical conserved genes, 5 rRNAs, 18 tRNAs and 9 gene fragments transferred from chloroplast were annotated. The RB867515 mitochondrial chromosomes showed differences when compared to those from S. officinarum, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genetic duplications and genomic expansions.