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Item Métodos diagnósticos para o vírus mayaro: revisão sistemática e avaliação molecular em pacientes arbovirose like em unidade municipal de sáude de Goiânia-Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-17) Abrantes, Gabrielly Regis; Anunciaçāo, Carlos Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4354412874919580; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9390789693192751; Lacerda, Elisângela de Paula Silveira; Anunciaçāo, Carlos Eduardo; Lino, Guilherme; Mrué, FátimaDiseases caused by viruses are considered an often neglected public health problem that affects thousands of people worldwide, every year. Symptoms like fever, arthralgia and rash. classify patients as syndromic dengue or arbovirus like. The differential diagnosis of arbovoresis is by serological and molecular techniques. The present study aimed to evaluate diagnostic techniques in studies published in the literature in order to develop a Systematic Literature Review on the detection of the Mayaro virus that allows health professionals to carry out an efficient laboratory diagnosis, as well as the application of molecular tests for the diagnosis of MAYV. The available literature was evaluated by systematic review, focusing on the diagnosis of the Mayaro virus in humans and its methodologies. The systematic review was carried out through an exploratory study in the databases: Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Scopus database, PubMed, LILACS from June 8, 2019 to 02 November 2019, selecting scientific articles according to the criteria of the PRISMA (2009) recommendation. The data showed that the circulation of the Mayaro virus in urban regions is already well established worldwide and that the misdiagnosis is frequent due to similar symptoms with other arboviruses. There is a wide use of varied methods over time in the diagnosis for this arbovirus, requiring further research to implement a standardized, sensitive and specific method. In a second stage of the research, between May to August 2017 and January to June 2018, 452 samples of patients with syndromic dengue symptoms (arboviruses like) were screened. The samples were sent to the Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Federal University of Goiás, where they were subjected to molecular screening by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) reaction. All positive cases for the first PCR were confirmed on RT-qPCR for viral detection. Thirteen positive samples went through both tests and thus were subjected to Sanger sequencing. In this experimental study, 17 samples were positive for the Mayaro virus infection (RT-PCR and RT-qPCR), and co-infections with the Dengue virus were also found by molecular screening carried out in parallel for the Dengue virus by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The positive samples for MAYV / DENV were analyzed phylogenetically, suggesting circulation of Dengue serotype 2 and a Peruvian strain of Mayaro Virus (strain IQ 4235) in Goiânia.Item Citogenômica de pterodon pubescens e citogenética comparativa com P. emarginatus (leguminosae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-05) Albernaz, Victória Borges; Souza, Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3626102935973855; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Harand, Andrea Pedrosa; Vianello, Rosana PereiraThe genus Pterodon Vogel (Leguminosae) has only four species, of which P. pubescens (Benth.) Benth. and P. emarginatus Vogel (both known as "white sucupira") are the closest phylogenetically. These species have a wide geographical distribution in Brazil and have chromosome number 2n = 16 with small and morphologically similar chromosomes. The objective of the present work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the genome size, the banding pattern and the composition of repetitive elements in the chromosomes of P. pubescens and P. emarginatus, aiming to enhance the cytogenomic and evolutionary knowledge of these species. For this, cytogenetic characterization was performed by analyzing the number and chromosomal morphology, CMA and DAPI banding, hybridization with DNAr 5S and 35S and determining the genome size by flow cytometry. In addition, we used P. pubescens genome sequencing by NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) using the Illumina platform to characterize repetitive genomic fractions, using a Galaxy/RepeatExplorer-Elixir platform. The most abundant elements of the P. pubescens genome were located on the chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and transferred to P. emarginatus. The species showed very similar karyotypes with: (i) CMA+/DAPI- bands in the terminal region of two chromosome pairs and pericentromeric region of all chromosomes; (ii) two pairs of 35S rDNA sites co-located with the terminal CMA+ bands; (iii) a pair of 5S rDNA sites located in the proximal region of a chromosomal pair. The genome size of P. pubescens and P. emarginatus was also similar, 1C = 0.665 pg and 1C = 0.620 pg, respectively. The repetitive fraction represented 26,4% of the P. pubescens sequenced genome, with Ty3-Athila Ty3-Athila (24,24%), Ty3-Tekay (21,93%) and Ty1-Ale (3,37%) retrotransposons being the most abundant elements. Low abundance satellite DNAs were identified: PubSat1-254 (2,09%), PubSat2-76 (2,06%), PubSat3-216 (0,58%), PubSat4-138 (0,23%). In situ hybridization reveal that all analyzed repeats were enriched in proximal CMA+ heterochromatin in both species, except for the Ty1-Ale retroelement, which was also dispersed also in the euchromatin of P. pubescens chromosomes. The cytomolecular similarity observed here suggests that the genomes of P. pubescens and P. emarginatus have highly similar repetitive fractions, which corroborates their phylogenetic proximity. However, the recent expansion of the Ty1-Ale element in the P. pubescens genome suggests some degree of differentiation in the repetitive fractions of these genomes.Item Efeitos de peptídeos derivados da beta globina LVV-H6 e LVV-H7 sobre os comportamentos tipo-ansiedade e tipo-depressão, função cardíaca e vascular de ratos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-10-11) Cruz, Kellen Rosa da; Ianzer, Danielle Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609262674053858; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3868498714495781; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Ferreira, Patrícia Maria; Ghedini, Paulo Cesar; Silva, Elder Sales da; Parreira, Ricardo CambraiaHemorphins are peptides derived from the hemoglobin β-globin chain. LVV- hemorphine-6 and LVV-hemorphine-7 (LVVs) are bioactive hemorphins, which exhibit similar amino acid residue sequence, differing only by the amino acid Phenylalanine at the N-terminus of LVV-hemorphine-7. Both hemorphins reduce anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, the latter being promoted by LVV-h7, is oxytocin receptors dependent, but not the effect evoked by LVV-h6. In addition, the data in the literature about the cardiovascular effects evoked by LVV-h7 are controversial and there are no studies on the effects of LVV-h6 on this physiological system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in behavioral effects and also to verify the effects on vasomotricity and cardiac function in the aorta artery and isolated heart of Wistar rats. The experimental protocols were carried out according to the norms of use of animals, under project approval by the committee of ethics and animal use of the UFG (Protocol of approval nº 090/14). The Elevated Pluz Maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and were then placed in the Open Field (OF) to evaluate locomotion. To evaluate the depression-like behavior, the Forced Swim test (FST) was used. The isolated vessel technique was used to evaluate vascular reactivity in thoracic aorta rings isolated and the Langendorff technique to evaluate heart function in heart i solated from Wistar rats. The anxiolytic-like effect of both hemorphins does not depend on the route of biosynthesis of catecholamines or the activation of opioid receptors. However, the antidepressant-like effect of LVVs was reversed by blockade of opioid receptors, indicating the activation of these receptors as a potential mechanism. Both LVVs similarly reduce perfusion pressure, maximal and minimum dP/dt and systolic and diastolic intraventricular pressure in heart isolated from rats, without promoting contraction or relaxation of aorta rings isolated from rats. Thus, although LVVs cause the same effects on anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, the underlying mechanisms are partially different, even with a substantial similarity in the primary structure of these hemorphins. In addition, LVVs act by decreasing cardiac function, in the evaluated parameters, in isolated heart of normotensive rats without affecting the vasomotricity of aorta rings isolated of normotensive rats.Item Identificação e caracterização de microRNAs no fungo dimórfico Histoplasma capsulatum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-06) Fernandes, Lucas Barros; Curcio, Juliana Santana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9577753232871923; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Tomazett, Mariana Vieira; Pereira, Maristela; Soares, Célia Maria de AlmeidaMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the RNA interference phenomenon. These small RNAs contain between 18 and 25 nucleotides and are derived from precursors containing a hairpin structure. Their biogenesis and mode of action are well understood in plants and animals, but in fungi their biogenesis is still poorly understood. However, small RNAs similar to microRNAs (miRNAs-like) have been identified in various fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Penicillium marneffei, Trichoderma reesei and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Even though the amount of data on these molecules in the Fungi kingdom has been increasing, up to now there are no descriptions of microRNAs in important human pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum. Therefore, due to the absence of the characterization of this regulatory mechanism in this human pathogen, this study aimed to identify microRNAs in this pathogen and to infer the biological processes regulated by these interference RNAs in this fungus. In order to do so, the methodology employed in this study was the search for published microRNAs sequences for other fungi in the literature and in silico analysis to predict the homology of these known sequences to genome regions of two H. capsulaum strains H88 and G217B. After the bioinformatics analysis, we identified six microRNAs in H. capsulatum H88 and four microRNAs in H. capsulatum G217B .One of the microRNAs was conserved in both strains. This microRNA was selected for target investigation. We identified 551 targets in the H88 strain and 495 targets in the G217B strain. Biological processes identified as being regulated by this microRNA comprise the synthesis and the degradation of cell wall components, the energetic metabolism and DNA processing. The results imply the presence of microRNAs in this fungi and a high number of targets for each microRNA, which hints on the existence of a complex network of microRNA post-transcriptional regulation in H. capsulatum.Item Influência dos receptores de angiotensina, AT1 e AT2, no órgão subfornical sobre a função barorreflexa em ratos com hipertensão renovascular(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Gonçalves, Florencia Camila; Blanch, Graziela Torres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8106735874828106; Oliveira, André Henrique Freiria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0152151142555605; Oliveira, André Henrique Freiria de; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; Mourão, Aline AndradeComponents of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are present in several regions of the brain involved in central regulation of blood pressure (BP). Among them, there is the subfornical organ (SFO), circumventricular organ (OCV) that is outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and that participates in BP regulation. Studies show that in secondary hypertension models, such as the 2K1C model, there is an increase in ANG II in important regions of BP control, such as SFO. Thus, our objective was to evaluate whether the pharmacological inhibition of the Type 1 receptor (AT1) and Type 2 receptor (AT2), in SFO, of rats with two kidneys and a clip (2K1C), influences the baroreflex function. For this purpose, male Wistar rats underwent surgery to induce Renovascular Hypertension (HR), which consisted of clipping the renal artery (Group 2K1C) or simulating the placement of the clip (Group Sham). One week after HR surgery and animal recovery, tail plethysmography was performed for 5 weeks to assess the development of hypertension. At the end of 5 weeks, 2K1C and Sham rats were anesthetized with isoflurane in 100% O2 and subjected to cannulation of the fermoral artery, to record Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR), cannulation of the femoral vein for administration of anesthetic and drugs and craniectomy for Losartan nanoinjection (217 mM, 100nL; AT1 receptor antagonist) ANG II (48 pM, 100nL; AT1 receptor agonist), PD123319 (40mM, 100nL; AT2 receptor antagonist) and C21 ( 0.1μM, 100nL; AT2 receptor agonist) in order to evaluate the influence of AT1 and AT2 receptors on SFO in the baroreflex function. The results showed that the model was able to develop HR over 5 weeks, which was not observed in the Sham group (Animals 2K1C: 1st week 152.13 ± 1.31 mm of mercury (mmHg) and 5th week 208, 52 ± 2.77 mmHg; Animals Sham: 1st week 113.92 ± 1.13 mmHg and 5th week 114.90 ± 0.96 mmHg, p <0.05). In addition, animals with HR presented atrophy of the clipped kidney when compared to the unclipped kidney (right kidney: 0.34 ± 0.01 g / 100g pc and left kidney: 0.52 ± 0.01 g / 100g pc, p < 0.05). Blockade of AT1 receptors in SFO did not promote pressure changes in normotensive animals (Δ: 0.31 ± 2.16 mmHg in relation to baseline); however, in hypertensive animals there was a reduction in BP (Δ: -11.02 ± 0, 22 mmHg, p <0.05 compared to baseline). In the baroreflex sensitivity test, blocking AT1 receptors increased the reflex bradycardia of the 2K1C losartan group (Δ -10.98 ± 0.77 bpm, p <0.05) when compared to the Sham losartan group (Δ -7.60 ± 0.38 bpm) and 2K1C Saline (Δ -8.00 ± 0.26 bpm). AT2 receptor blockade did not promote changes in MAP and improved reflex bradycardia in the 2K1C PD group (Δ -20.12 ± 1.53 bpm, p <0.05) when compared to the Sham PD group (Δ -11.90 ± 1.20 bpm) and 2K1C Saline (Δ -14.37 ± 1.00 bpm). Thus, the present study provides evidence that the angiotensinergic receptors AT1 and AT2 in SFO mediate the baroreflex responses in the 2K1C model through an inhibitory influence on reflex bradycardia. There was no evidence of the participation of the AT1 and AT2 receptor within the SFO in reflex tachycardia.Item Caracterização e avaliação de apneias obstrutivas induzidas em ratos com epilepsia e seu impacto no sono, respostas cardiovasculares e de esforço respiratório(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Lima Júnior, Cláudio Quintino de; Pansani, Aline Priscila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6385679829734771; Colugnati, Diego Basile; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3875833705952056; Colugnati, Diego Basile; Pansani, Aline Priscila; Rosa, Daniel Alves; Costa, Renata MazaroEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Mortality rates are considerably higher in individuals with epilepsy and the most common category of death related is Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Multifactorial mechanisms related to autonomic and respiratory cardiac changes underlying SUDEP. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high incidence in patients with epilepsy and it is a risk factor for SUDEP. The aim of this study was to characterize OSA in animals with epilepsy. For this, Wistar rats (230-250g) were submitted to Pilocarpine model of epilepsy. After 30-60 days of chronic epilepsy, the animals were submitted to surgical procedures to evaluation of sleep and heart rate, respiratory effort and induction of obstructive apneas. Rats with epilepsy had altered basal sleep, with decreasing REM in 24-hour record and increased wakefulness and decreased NREM sleep in the dark phase of the cycle. Both NREM and REM sleep of these rats had a higher percentage of delta waves, and REM had lower theta waves. Rats with epilepsy had higher spontaneous central sleep apneas. Control rats had REM-sleep apneas longer than NREM-sleep apneas. This difference did not occur in rats with epilepsy. OSA did not altered sleep fraction in any group. In Epilepsy group, there was decrease in REM fraction at the first 8 h of recovery sleep of REM-apneas. Cardiovascular and respiratory effort during OSA and chemoreflex response were similar between groups. However, in epilepsy, there was a tendency to low in both respiratory effort in awake apneas and pressure response induced bychemoreflex. In epilepsy, there was higher density of NK1 in pré-Bötzinger and lower number of serotonergic neurons in Raphe Magnus and Pallidus. Therefore, rats with epilepsy had alteration on sleep-wake cycle and in sleep-delta/theta ratio. Also, the mechanisms related to end of OSA were altered, possibly by alteration in neurons of respiratory control.Item Análise proteômica do fungo patogênico humano Fonsecaea pedrosoi, cultivado nas condições de temperatura de 22º C e 36º C(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-11) Lima, Davi Vinícius de; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5415221996976886; Bailão, lexandre Melo; Paccez, Juliano Domiraci; Novaes, EvandroThe Polymorphic fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the main etiological agent of Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), characterized as a chronic cutaneous mycotic infection, occurring mainly in tropical regions. The limited availability of effective therapeutic protocols coupled with CBM clinical polymorphism lead to often prolonged and high relapse rate therapies. Results regarding the molecular biology of F. pedrosoi are scarce however, some virulence factors have already been described, evidencing the need to explore the mechanisms used by this pathogen during infection. The present work carried out in silico analyzes under specific culture conditions, with temperatures of 22º C and 36º C, aiming to better understand the proteome of this fungus, both intracellular and secreted. In order to identify these proteins, we used bioinformatic tools that are available online and allowed the prediction of protein sets that can be secreted by classical and non-classical routes. After the in silico prediction method, proteins were identified in the fungal extracts by the Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MSE) methodology. Those identified in the extracts that brought a more reliable interpretation corroborated the results in silico. The proteins identified stand out for being related to various biological processes, such as metabolism of carbon compounds, energy, proteins related to thermal and oxidative stress, defense, proteins related to the cell cycle, among other functions. The analyzes showed that the vast majority of identified proteins are secreted by alternative pathways, and the results point to the great importance of the biological roles that these secreted proteins can play during the onset of infection. Thus, we observed that the fungus presents variations in protein expression levels according to the condition addressed and may reflect on its behavior and responses to the successful establishment of the infection.Item Efeitos cardiovasculares do tratamento com aceturato de diminazeno sobre a insuficiência cardíaca induzida por infarto do miocárdio em ratos normotensos e hipertensos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-15) Lopes, Paulo Ricardo; Colugnati, Diego Basile; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3875833705952056; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; Colugnati, Diego Basile; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; Biancardi, Manoel FranciscoDiminazene aceturate (Dize) is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that promotes, among other effects, the activation of the angio tensin II converting enzyme (ACE II). However, there are few studies that relate the use of Dize in the treatment of myocar dial infarction (MI) and very few that relate the treatment of heart failure (HF). Due to its activation effect of the counter regulatory axis of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), it is possible that chronic treatment with Dize can improve cardiocirculat ory function i n animals with HF MI induced . Thus, this work sought to evaluate the performance of Dize on the cardiac and circulatory function of normotensive (WT) and hypertensive (SHR) animals after MI. For that, males WT and SHR of 250 300g with 12 week s of life were used. HF was induced by MI through ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Fictitious surgeries (Sham) were also performed to mimic the surgical stress of infarction induction. After the MI, the period of 30 days to install the HF p icture, diagnosed by echocardiography, was waited. Then the animals were divided into 4 groups of WT animals and 4 was waited. Then the animals were divided into 4 groups of WT animals and 4 groups of SHR animals in the respective treatments: Sham + Vehicle, Sham + groups of SHR animals in the respective treatments: Sham + Vehicle, Sham + DizeDize, , HF + Vehicle and HF + HF + Vehicle and HF + DizeDize. The treatment with . The treatment with DizeDize (10 mg /(10 mg / Kg / day; i.g.) or Kg / day; i.g.) or vehicle (water) by gavage lasted 21 days. After treatment, the animals were vehicle (water) by gavage lasted 21 days. After treatment, the animals were anesthetized and catheterized for recording and analysis of hemodynamic and anesthetized and catheterized for recording and analysis of hemodynamic and autonomic parameters in all groups. Subsequently, the animals were autonomic parameters in all groups. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized;euthanized; theirtheir hearts and thoracic aortic segments were removed for tests in isolated organ hearts and thoracic aortic segments were removed for tests in isolated organ baths. baths. Evidence showing hypertension, in the 17Evidence showing hypertension, in the 17--weekweek--old SHR model, promoting an old SHR model, promoting an increase in fibrotic cardiac content (interstitial and perivascular), hypertrophy of increase in fibrotic cardiac content (interstitial and perivascular), hypertrophy of cardiomyocytcardiomyocytes and economic and vascular activity. It reduced the contraction and es and economic and vascular activity. It reduced the contraction and effective relaxation of the heart ex vivo, vascular reactivity, parasympathetic effective relaxation of the heart ex vivo, vascular reactivity, parasympathetic cardiac activity, sensitivity and effectivcardiac activity, sensitivity and effectiveness of the baroreflex system. eness of the baroreflex system. In In normotensive animals with HF normotensive animals with HF induced by coronary ligation after 17 weeks, cardiac induced by coronary ligation after 17 weeks, cardiac remodeling with increased heart size and cardiomyocytes, fibrosis in the heart remodeling with increased heart size and cardiomyocytes, fibrosis in the heart (interstitial and perivascular) and vascular contractile capacity. He has cardiac (interstitial and perivascular) and vascular contractile capacity. He has cardiac dysfunction of the systolic type in vivo, dysfunction of the systolic type in vivo, impaired diastolic capacity ex vivo, reduced impaired diastolic capacity ex vivo, reduced vascular capacity, spontaneous baroreflex effectiveness and PAS.vascular capacity, spontaneous baroreflex effectiveness and PAS. Hypertension Hypertension associated with HF 17 weeks after coronary ligation promotes hypertrophy of the associated with HF 17 weeks after coronary ligation promotes hypertrophy of the heart and cardiomyocytes, perivascular and interstitiheart and cardiomyocytes, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction al fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo, increased contractile vascular capacity and reduced relaxing in vivo and ex vivo, increased contractile vascular capacity and reduced relaxing capacity, friendly autonomic predominance, reduced blood pressure and capacity, friendly autonomic predominance, reduced blood pressure and effectiveness of the baroreflex system and maintenance of high BP.effectiveness of the baroreflex system and maintenance of high BP. TreaTreatment with tment with the hypertension model reduces cardiac fibrosis, reduces sympathetic activity and the hypertension model reduces cardiac fibrosis, reduces sympathetic activity and improves the reflex baroreceptor. In HF, it reduces cardiac remodeling (myocyte improves the reflex baroreceptor. In HF, it reduces cardiac remodeling (myocyte and fibrosis), facilitates vascular relaxation and improves the reflex baroreceptorand fibrosis), facilitates vascular relaxation and improves the reflex baroreceptor. . In hypertension associated with HF, it is possible to reduce or remodel (myocytes In hypertension associated with HF, it is possible to reduce or remodel (myocytes and and fifibbroserosess), improve cardiac functions in the isolated organ, facilitate vascular ), improve cardiac functions in the isolated organ, facilitate vascular relaxation and improve the reflex baroreceptor.relaxation and improve the reflex baroreceptor. Together, our results demonstrate Together, our results demonstrate that tthat treatment with size can be a tool explored in cardiovascular pathologies, but it reatment with size can be a tool explored in cardiovascular pathologies, but it seems to act differently in each pathology. Finally, further studies are needed to seems to act differently in each pathology. Finally, further studies are needed to elucidate how the treatment with Dize acts on HF and hypertension, which occur elucidate how the treatment with Dize acts on HF and hypertension, which occur isolated or coisolated or concomitant.ncomitant.Item Análise morfológica e molecular da formação de escleródios do fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-29) Melo, Bruna Sousa; Voltan, Aline Raquel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0211091751754520; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Lobo Júnior, Murillo; Georg, Raphaela de CastroSclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a fungus that causes white mold or white rot, about 400 species of plants. Currently, its incidence has been becoming increasingly harmful to agriculture in various regions of the world. This fungus acquires structures, called sclerotia that guarantee the survival of the soil, for a long period. In the present study, the formation and morphological development of resistance structures was evaluated through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological observations indicate the entire growth process, involve an interweaving of hyphae, in addition to allowing the storage of nutrients and water. In addition to the presence of melanin, which gives protection to the sclerotia. Expressions of genes related to the development of sclerotia were evaluated, suggesting different pathways of DOPA melanin melanization. In addition, sclerodial genes, which are related to the morphology of structures, such as histidine kinase, facts that are discussed throughout the work, are able to improve structures and their mechanisms. Through the filtration of species of Trichoderma spp. (T00 and ALL 42), it was also possible to evaluate the growth inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungus, allowing to infer the forms of control of the phytopathogen.Item Estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional em Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão fabaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-13) Miranda, Alline Afonso do Nascimento Creado de; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Braga, Ramilla dos Santos; Pinto, Rafael BarbosaThe Cerrado biome, despite containing one of the greatest biodiversity on the planet, undergoes constant deforestation due to the expansion of agricultural frontiers. The loss of natural territory consequently leads to the loss of genetic diversity. This is worrying when it comes to native species, such as Stryphnodendron adstringens, popularly known as barbatimão. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics of the biology of S. adstringens, in order to define efficient management and conservation strategies. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity, genetic flow (estimating the size of the neighborhood group), the presence of clones and the spatial genetic structure existing in a natural population of S. adstringens. For this, genomic DNA was extracted from the leaf tissue of 124 individuals, all georeferenced. For the amplification of the microsatellite regions, nine pairs of primers developed for the species were used. Based on the genotype matrix, analyzes of genetic diversity, effective size of inbreeding, cross-fertilization rate, spatial genetic structure and identity analysis were performed to verify the occurrence of clones. For the nine loci, a total of 74 alleles were found and an average of 8.2 alleles per location. The observed average heterozygosity (HO) was equal to 0.556 and the average genetic diversity (HE) was equal to 0.624. The inbreeding coefficient (f) was significant and equal to 0.110, showing an excess of homozygotes. The genetic diversity in the population was considered high, with 71% of the maximum expected heterozygosity. The crossing system was considered mixed based on the cross fertilization rate (t ̂a) equal to 0.80. The effective size of the consanguinity (Nef) was 111.72; corresponding to a genetic representation of 0.90, indicating that there is no genetic deviation in the population. There was a significant spatial genetic structure in the first distance class with pairs of up to 49 meters. A Sp statistic equal to 0.0095 was considered moderate and associated with the genetic neighborhood (Nb = 105.3) demonstrated that pollen dispersion is efficient to maintain genetic diversity in the population. Ten groups of individuals with identical genotypes were found for nine sites used, suggesting the occurrence of vegetative reproduction. The results plan was possible, which, for the formation of germplasm banks, is collected at a minimum distance of 49 meters between the guaranteed items, in addition to contemplating the genetic diversity present in the population.Item Via descendente rostroventromedial bulbar que medeia as respostas cardiovasculares evocadas pela coluna dorsolateral da substância cinzenta periaquedutal(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Moraes, Gean Carlos Alves; Lima, Onésia Cristina Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5040685433940401; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0207928273284808; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Cruz, Kellen Rosa da; Oliveira, Patrícia Maria dePeriaqueductal gray is a midbrain region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that projects to areas controlling behavioral and autonomic outputs. The activity of the lateral and dorsolateral columns of PAG is required for expressing the behavioral and physiological components of defense reactions. Cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG include increases in blood pressure, positive chronotropism and regional tissue perfusion changes. However, literature is scarce on the descending pathways controlling cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG. Since Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a medullary region comprising sympathetic premotor neurons projecting to preganglionic spinal segments connected to sympathetic supplies innervating the heart, it is worth considering the PAG-RPa path. i) to assess whether PAG projects to RPa; ii) to evaluate the amplitude of the inotropic and chronotropic responses evoked from PAG; iii) to assess whether cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG rely on RPa. Experiments were conducted in Wistar rats (300g) and were approved by CEUA - UFG (092/18). In a first set of experiments (n=3), monosynaptic retrograde tracer Retrobeads were injected into RPa, and PAG slices were analyzed. Other two groups of (n = 6 each) were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g / kg) and chloralose (120 mg / kg) ip and underwent tracheostomy, cannulation of the femoral artery and vein, catheterization of cardiac left ventricular and craniotomy. After a cardiovascular parameters’ stabilization, one group was injected vehicle into RPa 20min before injection of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline Methiodide (BIC 40 pmol / 100nL) into the lateral / dorsolateral PAG. The other group was injected with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (20mM – 100nL) into the RPa, 20 minutes before injecting the BIC (40 pmol / 100nL) into lateral / dorsolateral PAG. Responses to these injections were accompanied during 40min and compared between groups. Our results were: i) retrogradely labeled neurons were found in all PAG columns; ii) PAG activation by BIC caused positive chronotropism and inotropism, which are accompanied by afterload increases (as evidenced by arterial pressure increases); iii) Inhibition of RPa neurons with Muscimol reduced heart rate, arterial and ventricular pressures. The subsequent injection of BIC into PAG still increased arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac inotropy outcomes, but the magnitude of these responses was significantly smaller than those evoked by BIC into PAG without inhibiting RPa. PAG neurons project directly to RPa. PAG activation increases cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, and these responses seem to partially rely on medullary ventromedial RPa neurons.Item Análise proteômica do fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis sob privação de cobre(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-27) Petito, Guilherme; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Castro, Agenor de; Silva, Lívia do Carmo; Curcio, Juliana Santana de; Silva, Kleber Santiago Freitas eCopper is an important micronutrient that acts as a cofactor in important enzymes that participate in processes of obtaining energy, reducing reactive oxygen species and metal uptake such as iron. Studies with different pathogenic fungi demonstrate the importance of an efficient copper homeostasis system, as well as the impact of this metal deprivation on the metabolism of these organisms. However, little is known about the impact of copper deprivation on pathogenic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the proteomic behavior of the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis during copper deprivation, identifying metabolic changes in face of this condition. Proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry and labelling the samples with iTRAQ (Isobariq tag for relative and absolute quantitation). In addition, methodologies such as qRT-PCR, fluorescence microscopy, enzymatic activities and Western bloting were applied in this study in order to support the proteomic data analyzed. We identified 183 differentially expressed proteins. Proteins related to gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation and cell wall remodeling were up-regulated. We identified decreased expression of an important detoxification enzyme, Cu / Zn dependent Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1p). On the other hand, the enzymes Thioredoxin (Trxp), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Mn / Fedependent superoxide dismutase (Sod2p) were up-regulated. Also, NADPH production-related to the pentose-phosphate pathway enzymes. detoxifying enzyme reducing agent. An alternative oxidase (Aoxp) was up-regulated, while enzyme activity tests showed that the activity of the enzyme Cytochrome c oxidase (Coxp) was decreased. An iron uptake-related copper chaperone, Atx1 and described as important in response to oxidative stress, was up-regulated. We propose here an overview that presents the main metabolic changes in P. brasiliensis under copper deprivation and that include changes in the energy acquisition process, carbon metabolism flow, wall modeling, detoxification and respiration processes.Item Análise proteômica comparativa entre Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e Paracoccidioides americana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-12-19) Portis, Igor Godinho; Ricart, Carlos André Ornelas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1271167329803156; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Lima, Patrícia de Sousa; Curcio, Juliana Santana De; Pereira, Maristela; Rocha, Juliana Alves ParenteThe genus Paracoccidioides comprises termo dimorphic fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. These fungi can grow in yeast at 36 ° C and mycelium at temperatures below 28 ° C. Studies have shown that the fungus Paracoccidioides has molecular differences that allow the classification of species. Initially those fungi were classified in a single species, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, but with the advancement of some molecular and genomic biology techniques, Paracoccidioides is currently classified into five species, P. lutzii, P. brasiliensis, P. americana, P. restrepiensis and P. venezuelensis. However, different species may have different proteomes and cellular responses. In this way in our study, we performed proteomic analyzes of two species of Paracoccidioides, P. americana and P. brasiliensis. iTRAQ labelling and mass spectrometery allowed the identification of 387 statistically significant proteins; two hundreds and two in P. brasiliensis and 111 proteins in P. americana. The identified proteins have different functions, such as amino acid metabolism, energy, cell defense, among others. The results showed differences in protein responses between P. americana and P. brasiliensis in proteins related to cell defense, mitochondria and energy metabolism, suggesting that these fungi may have different metabolism and pathways for growth, profliferation and virulence.Item Contribuição dos receptores de grelina dos neurônios pré-motores simpáticos do hipotálamo paraventricular para o controle da função cardiovascular(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-09) Santana, Joice Simões; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0207928273284808; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555785079833283; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; Ferreira, Patrícia Maria; Colugnati, Diego Basileon the balance of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses, such as gabaergic ones, is responsible for cardiovascular system modulation. The effects of ghrelin, a 28-amino acids peptide, are mediated by subtype 1a of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1a), densely expressed in the sympathetic pre-motor neurons of PVH. Therefore, this work investigated the effects of ghrelin on the control exercised by PVH on cardiovascular system and its relationship with gabaergic activity. For this purpose, mean systemic arterial pressure (PAM) in the femoral artery and pressure in the left cardiac ventricle (LVP) of Wistar rats (250-300 g) were measured by catheterization. Treatment with 100 nL of 0.03 nM ghrelin injected directly into PVH reduced PAM by 40 ± 12 mmHg and the maximum blood pressure in the left cardiac ventricle (LVPmax) by 28 ± 12 mmHg, as well as its derivative as a function of time (LVdP / dTmax), a measure of inotropism, which was reduced by 2051 ± 946 mmHg / s, without causing statistically significant changes in cardiac chronotropism. In contrast, to demonstrate that the effects of ghrelin were mediated by GHS-R1a, the inhibition of this receptor with 100 nL of PF04628935 (0.06 nM) in PVH caused an increase in PAM of 8 ± 3 mmHg and of LVPmax by 29 ± 8 mmHg; in addition to stimulating inotropism, with LVdP / dTmax being elevated at 1449 ± 467 mmHg / s, and chronotropism, with elevated heart rate at 29 ± 12 bpm. Finally, the comparison of its effects with muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, demonstrated that ghrelin potentiated the reduction in blood pressure induced by that drug, reducing PAM by 19 ± 5 mmHg, without significantly altering the pressure in the cardiac left ventricle and inotropism. Interestingly, ghrelin promoted na increase in heart rate by 27 ± 12 bpm, after muscimol injection. The present study demonstrated that the ghrelin axis - GHS-R1a in PVH contributes to cardiovascular control and related these effects to interactions with the gabaergic system.Item Regra das Ilhas e genética quantitativa evolutiva do tamanho corporal em Elephas maximus borneensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-24) Silva, Felipe Naves; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Jardim, Lucas Lacerda Caldas ZaniniThe Islands Rule describes that there is a tendency, especially in mammals, that species that are large on the continent tend to suffer from dwarfism when isolated on an island, while those that have small size on the continent tend to suffer from gigantism. Elephas maximus borneensis is small in size compared to other elephants of the genus, and there is also controversy about its condition as a natural subspecies of Borneo, when it possibly arrived on the island and the degree of isolation. For this reason, starting from the Evolutionary Quantitative Genetic Model based on the individual, we incorporate a more realistic parameterization, assuming the dioecious subspecies with sexual reproduction, balanced sexual proportion and random monogamous mating, with generations without overlapping. In addition, we use the adaptive peak on the pre-established island and also evolutionary characteristics for island populations such as: heritability, migration, inbreeding and mutation. We simulated four scenarios based on the hypotheses of colonization and evolution of the elephant's body size, taking into account the time of colonization and the possible ancestral body weight. We compared the results of the simulations with the molecular data of this subspecies and the historical records. We conclude then that among the four scenarios, only the third was supported by all the data assumed in the present study, thus, the most accepted hypothesis, describing that possibly the subspecies of Elephas maximus borneensis suffered an isolation of 11 thousand to 18 thousand years in Java and, about 700 years ago, was subjected to two subsequent founding events, arriving then on the Island of Borneo.Item Caracterização do antígeno proteico SsaA de Staphylococcus saprophyticus utilizando estratégias in silico e modelo ex vivo de infecção(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-02) Silva, Guilherme Algusto Alves; Rocha, Juliana Alves Parente; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7089231795367245; Rocha, Juliana Alves Parente; Tomazett, Mariana Vieira; Amaral, André CorrêaStaphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium and stands out as the second pathogen responsible for diagnosed cases of urinary tract infection (UTI), affecting mainly young women. Some factors may explain the ability of S. saprophyticus to colonize periurethral, urinary and genital regions, such as the ability to bind to the epithelial tissue of the genitourinary tract and the high activity of the urease enzyme. However, few mechanisms that this bacterium uses to efficiently infect and colonize the host are fully elucidated. In species of the Staphylococcus genus, most of the known virulence factors are proteins or the pathogen's surface. Our research group identified proteins secreted from S. saprophyticus isolates that demonstrated a strong ability to stimulate the immune response in mice and one of the main immunogenic proteins identified was the Staphylococcal Antigen Secreted A (SsaA), not yet characterized in this species. In other species of the Staphylococcus genus, the SsaA protein seems to be related to virulence factors regulated by the same systems, but its specific role during infection has not yet been fully elucidated. In this sense, we propose the characterization of the SsaA protein in S. saprophyticus. Bioinformatics analyzes using the database revealed that the SsaA protein has a CHAP domain with an expected amidase function. The 3D structure of the SsaA protein was predicted through the modeling of proteins using an online server following the validation protocols, the ABCpred server was used to predict epitopes in the SsaA protein. Analysis of the phagocytosis assay revealed that blocking the SsaA protein by sera containing anti-SsaA antibody reduces the number of cells recovered thus indicating that SsaA may be important during the infectious process. Our work will contribute to elucidate the biological function of the SsaA protein, an immunogenic protein that can be useful as a diagnostic target and / or vaccine in this model.Item Atributos funcionais não estão correlacionados com sincronia em uma comunidade fitoplanctônica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Silva, Matheus Nunes da; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Bini, Luis MauricioSpecies abundance in a local community can be correlated over time. Similarly, the abundance of different local populations of a given species can vary synchronously. The study of these patterns, known as interspecific synchrony and population synchrony, respectively, may indicate the relative importance of interspecific interactions, environmental filters (at different spatial scales) and dispersal processes on the temporal dynamics of populations and communities. In addition, studies have sought to test whether the levels of synchrony (interspecific and population) are related to functional traits. For example, functionally similar species should have correlated dynamics under the effect of a strong environmental filter. As another example, a specialist species should have higher levels of population synchrony than a generalist species. Thus, in the first chapter of this dissertation, we used data on phytoplankton functional traits to test whether the level of interspecific synchrony between pairs of species is dependent on the functional dissimilarity between them. In addition, we tested whether the increase in functional diversity would influence community synchrony, which in turn, could affect community stability. In the second chapter, we tested whether specialist taxa would have greater spatial synchrony than generalists. For both chapters, we used a dataset on phytoplankton community in the Cana Brava Reservoir (Goiás State, Brazil). Our hypotheses were not supported by the results. However, in the first chapter, we found a predominance of positive correlations between species abundances, a result that indicates the importance of environmental filters. In the second chapter, the low values of population synchrony suggest that regional environmental factors were not strong enough to control population dynamics. In general, we suggest that future studies should test a similar set of traits to test the generality of correlates of synchrony.Item Efeito do extrato líquido concentrado obtido dos resíduos agroindustriais dos frutos de Myrciaria cauliflora sobre parâmetros cardiometabólicos de ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de obesidade induzida por glutamato monossódico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-13) Teófilo , Monatha Nayara Guimarães T; Blanch, Graziela Torres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8106735874828106; Oliveira , André Henrique Freiria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0152151142555605; Oliveira , André Henrique Freiria; Rosa, Daniel Alves; Fajemiroye, James OluwagbamigbeObesity is a multifactorial disease that develops from an imbalance in the energy balance (EB). The lesion in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in rodents causes an imbalance in EB, biochemical and hormonal resulting in excess body fat storage in the body. The concentrated liquid extract of the residue of the fruit of the jabuticaba - Myrciaria cauliflora (ECJ) has become promising in the prevention/ treatment of chronic diseases, such as obesity, due to its bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effects of ECJ (3%) on body mass, blood pressure, hematological and biochemical parameters in obese rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG). In the first days of life, the rats received subcutaneous injections in the posterior cervical region of MSG (4 mg/g) and control rats injected with isotonic saline (0.9%). After the weaning period (21 days), the animals were distributed in 4 experimental groups, treated or not for 60 days with the ECJ (3%) by gavage, group 1: control (CT); group 2: control treated with the extract (CT+E); group 3: monosodium glutamate (MSG); group 4: monosodium glutamate treated with the extract (MSG+E). In our study, rats that received injections of MSG with or without ECJ (3%) had: lower body weight gain and nasal/anal length, higher Lee index, and fat weight: retroperitoneal, inguinal and epididymal, lower cardiac index, lower liver and kidney weight, and lymphocytopenia. The rats that received only MSG showed an increase in mean blood pressure (MAP), increased levels of triglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), leukopenia, the relative increase in monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. The MSG+E group demonstrated values of MAP, TG, VLDL, and leukocytes similar to those of animals CT+E and a lower level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). There were no significant histological differences in cardiac tissue, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and in levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 4 and interleukin 10, in animals. From this, we concluded that the MSG was effective in inducing the obesity model and that the treatment with ECJ (3%) for 60 days demonstrated a beneficial protective action through PAM, TG, VLDL, and LDL altered by obesity.