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Item Uma abordagem quantitativa para a seleção de espécies para a restauração ecológica baseada em diversidade funcional(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-16) Tsujii, Paula Kiyomi; Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1141743724585455; Carlucci, Marcos Bergamann; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Vieira, Daniel Luís MasciaO autor não apresentou resumo em outra língua.Item Ação antimicrobiana de enzimas hidrolíticas produzidas por Trichoderma asperellum e imobilizadas em blendas de polímeros biodegradáveis.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-01-28) SILVA, Barbara Dumas Santos; ULHOA, Cirano Jose; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171The hydrolytic activity of enzymes produced by Trichoderma asperellum, immobilized biodegradable films, as growth inhibitor of microorganisms was tested. The inhibitory activity was demonstrated on Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, microorganisms usually related to the attack and/or food contamination at the field or packaged. We used two polymer blends with different compositions, cassava starch and poly-butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (Ecoflex®, BASF Chemical Company) and other composed for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polysaccharide cashew gum (PEJU). T. asperellum was induced to produce enzymes involved in the attack mycoparasite (N-acetylglucosaminidases, β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and proteases) by the addition of crude chitin in the growth medium. The enzymes produced in major quantity were N-acetylglucosaminidase and chitinase. The pool of enzymes produced in the experiments was then used for immobilization tests. The immobilization process was performed in films by two methods: covalent and ionic bonding. In both methods, the presence of immobilized hydrolytic enzymes resulted in reduced growth of microorganisms, but the covalent immobilization of the results were more expressive. S.sclerotiorum was the microorganism most sensitive, followed by A. niger and Penicillium sp. To confirm the action of hydrolytic enzymes produced by T. asperellum and evaluate the effects they produce cell wall of microorganisms and other structures, the films with enzyme immobilized by covalent bonding were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The structures most affected were hyphae and spores. Overall, the synergistic action of all enzymes produced by T. asperellum, reduced the growth of microorganisms when immobilized on the surface of the films Starch-Ecoflex® and PVA-PEJU. Moreover, the polymer blends tested exhibited desirable characteristics for future use in food packaging and most importantly, also provide efficient systems for the immobilization of enzymes.Item Ação biológica in vitro de tiossemicarbazonas derivadas de canfeno e limoneno em células de melanoma humano (SK-MEL-37)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-16) Passos, Débora Cristina Silva dos; Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves de; Guillo, Lídia Andreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3401436781775091Melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from melanocytes and is notoriously resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. The thiosemicarbazones are synthetic compounds with marked biological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal and antitumor and previous studies have demonstrated cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma cells, so in this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity, the enzymatic activity of Caspases 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, the effect on the cell cycle gene expression levels of caspases 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, Apaf-1 and microscopic morphological changes in human melanoma cells (SK -MEL-37) twenty one monoterpene derived from natural thiosemicarbazone (-) - camphene: camphene, benzaldehyde, benzophenone, menthone, ethyl pyruvate, p-nitroacetophenone, pchloroacetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, p-methylacetophenone, p fluoracetofenona-phidroxiacetofena, furan, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-fluorbenzaldehyde, 2- hydroxybenzaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-H-imidazole-4- carboxaldehyde, tiossemicaroazida and six montoterpeno natural R-(+)-limonene: benzaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide, o-nitro, m-nitro, p-nitro, p-hydroxy and p-dimethylamino. The values found for the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cells (IC50) were between 12 μM and 55 μM. The percentage of cells in phase and in phase G0/G1 decreased SG2 / M increased after forty-eight hours of incubation with benzaldehyde thio-camphene, limonene thio-benzaldehyde, m-nitro, p-hydroxy and thiosemicarbazide increased indicating that the growth inhibitory effect might be also due to arrest of cells at S-G2/M phase. We observed increased activity of caspase 3 (m-nitro thio-limonene), 6 (camphene thio-benzaldehyde and p-hydroxy thio-limonene) and 8 (thio-benzaldehyde limonene). Late apoptotic features were detected in 62% of cells treated with benzaldehyde thio-camphene and morphological changes typical of apoptosis were visualized by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with benzaldehyde thio-camphene chosen due to their low IC50 value (12 mM). It was observed gene expression of caspases 2, 3, 6, 8 and Apaf-1 in cells treated with benzaldehyde thio-camphene indicating the participation of these enzymes in the anti-proliferative effect observed. Our results indicate that the thiosemicarbazones derivatives can inhibit proliferation, regulate cell cycle, induce apoptosis of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-37) and could be an candidate for future preclinical in vivo studies.Item Ação da fosfolipase B extracelular de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis na interação ex vivo com macrófagos alveolares(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-26) SOARES, Deyze Alencar; SILVA, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. The phospholipase B (PLB) enzyme is considered an important virulence factor in this dimorphic fungus, involved in the immune response of the host-pathogen interaction. Our objective was to determine whether a P. brasiliensis (Pb18) PLB is involved in adhesion / internalization of yeast and evasion of host immune responses. The effect of PLB was analysed using specific inhibition of PLB (alexidine dihydrochloride) and pulmonary surfactant in an ex vivo model (Pb18) of alveolar macrophage (MHS cells) infection. PLB enzyme assays and real time RT-PCR (qRTPCR) analysis of genes differentially expressed in the process of evasion: plb1 (phospholipase B1), icl1 (isocitrate lyase) and sod3 (Cu, Zn dismutase) and immune responses: clec2 (C-type lectin domain 2), cd14 (cluster of differentiation 14), tlr2 (toll-like receptor 2), nfkb (nuclear factor kappa B), nkrf (NF-kappaB repressing factor), il1β (inteleukin-1β) and tnfα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were carried out using selective inhibition of PLB activity and pulmonary surfactant. The levels of cytokines inteleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12 and TNF-α) were also determined by ELISA. PLB activity under adhesion conditions of P. brasiliensis (Pb18) to alveolar macrophage cells was found at high levels up to 6 hours post-infection. In the conditions of exposure to pulmonary surfactant and alexidine dihydrochloride, PLB activity and the level of transcripts of genes related to phagocytosis and inflammatory response were measured. We found that PLB activity had an influence on the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages. Alexidine dihydrochloride (0,25 μM) selectively inhibited PLB activity by 66% and decreased significantly the adhesion and internalization of yeast on MHS cells. Genes involved in phagocytosis (trl2 and cd14) and inflammatory response (nrkf, tnfα and il1β) were down-regulated in the presence of the PLB inhibitor. In contrast, the PLB activity and internalization of fungal yeast cells increased significantly in the presence of pulmonary surfactant (100 μg/mL) and genes such as clec2, important for effective phagocytosis by MHS cells, and the pro-inflammatory inhibitor (nkrf) were up-regulated. Also, the pulmonary surfactant did not alter cytokine production, while alexidine dihydrochloride decreased the levels of IL-10 and increased the levels of IL-12 and TNF-α. In addition, through simultaneous analyses of gene expression for the pathogen, P. brasiliensis, we found upregulation of the genes sod3, icl1 and plb1, required for the evasion of alveolar macrophages. P. brasiliensis PLB is important for the binding and internalization of yeast at macrophage surfaces. The specific effect of inhibiting PLB enzyme activity indicates that adhesion may be facilitated indirectly via fatty acid release from phospholipids of the membrane of host cells. This is the first study to show that PLB activity may modulate immune responses to P. brasiliensis infection.Item Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) cultivada in vitro e ex vitro: morfologia, anatomia e ultraestrutura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Silva, Elienai Candida e; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Carneiro, Renê da Silva Gonçalves; Sibov, Sérgio TadeuIn vitro-grown plants have functional characteristics that difficult their survival when transferred directly from in vitro conditions to the natural environment, thus needing of acclimatization. Structural and phyisiological characteristic of the plants grown in vitro and ex vitro are important for technical adjustments and contribute to further information about the phenotypic plasticity of the plants exposed to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker grown in vitro under different sealing lids of test tubes, and acclimatized. A. bromeliifolia is on ornamental species and therefore, the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) has accomplished studies aiming to propagation in vitro. Plants cultured in vitro in test tubes with three sealing lids were analyzed: polypropylene rigid closure (PC), polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) and PC covered with a microporous membrane (PM). For comparison, plants germinated from seeds in a screen house were also analyzed. The acclimatized plants were maintained in a greenhouse under controlled conditions and were evaluated after 11 months. The in situ-grown plants were used for comparison. Among the in vitro-grown plants, those grown in tubes sealed with PM are more similar to those grown in screen house, mainly on opening of the stomata and chloroplasts ultrastructural. In the leaves of acclimatized plants some morphological and anatomical characteristics are different from those that occur in the leaves of in situ-grown plants: fibers associated to the vascular bundles have less wall thickness and the hypodermic fibers are organized into least number of layers in addition, they also less wall thickness. Moreover, the stomata occurs less depth in the epidermis in the leaves developed in the greenhouse. However, considering that most morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the acclimatized plants are similar to those that occur in the leaves of in situ-grown plants, is possible concluded that the acclimatization process and the greenhouse environmental did not restrict its development, result that favoring the establishment of these plants in natural environmental.Item Algas perifíticas: uma abordagem taxonômica e funcional em riachos inseridos em paisagens modificadas de cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-31) Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Francisco de; Nabout, João Carlos; Nabout, João Carlos; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Ferragut, CarlaConsidering the hierarchical conformation and connectivity present in dendritic drainages, the hydrological structuring of these systems may favor approaches to studies associated with patterns in aquatic metacommunities. Thus, investigating patterns in metacommunities using aquatic microorganisms as a study tool may favor approaches to studies associated with patterns of dispersion or species limitation, such as mass effects and species sorting. In addition, it is understandable to think that different functional traits present in species that make up these metacommunities may be modulated by environmental components (fundamental niche/realized niche) or spatial factors within an environmental gradient. In the present study, the first chapter “Effect of local, regional (land use) and spatial (organism dispersion) environmental variables on the structure of the periphytic algal community in Cerrado streams”, we seek to assess the relative importance of local environmental components (limnological), regional (land use) and spatial (dispersion capacity) variables for the periphytic community in Cerrado streams along the Piracanjuba River sub-basin. For the second chapter “Functional composition of periphytic algae in Cerrado streams inserted in modified landscapes”, we investigated how the functional traits present in species that make up the periphytic community respond to the variation of the regional (landscape) and local environmental component limnological variables) in streams inserted in modified Cerrado landscapes. We found 127 species, with a predominance of the Bacillariophyceae class in all streams and the average of remaining vegetation for the extension of the Piracanjuba River sub-basin was 40%. The periphytic community showed greater species replacement along the hydrographic network and relative importance only of the spatial component, since the functional attributes observed for this community were different along two gradients, nutrient availability, and percentage of natural remaining vegetation, respectively.Item Alteração no padrão de expressão de genes associados ao perfil leucemogênico da leucemia linfóide aguda infantil: antes e depois da quimioterapia de indução(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-01-13) Minasi, Lysa Bernardes; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7868817504129985The ALL is a malignant disorder that originates from a precursor cell lympho-hematopoietic system compromised for the development of B or T lymphocyte lineage.The precursor cell acquisition by a series of genetic abnormalities alters the normal process of maturation leading to cellular differentiation arrest and leukemic clone proliferative advantage on cells of hematopoietic tissue. More than 50 recurrent genetic alterations have been identified in the ALL. These often involve genes known or putative role in the development of lymphocytes and in the case of leukemogenesis.In this study, the variation in the expression of molecular markers was analyzed using PCR methodology array on 16 children with ALL before treatment and at the end of induction chemotherapy (D +28). These patients were diagnosed in HAJ and SCMG, from May 2012 to January 2013. Samples of bone marrow or peripheral blood were sent to NPReplicon-PUC-GO. In the present study we observed a negative correlation between gender and immunophenotype (p = 0.016), females have a greater association with immunophenotype B and less associated with immunophenotype T. We also observed a positive correlation between immunophenotype and age (p = 0.04), immunophenotype and marker CD10 + (p = 0.03), immunophenotype and risk group (p = 0.015) and marker CD10 + and risk group (p = 0.043). Before treatment the gene RUNX1 met with increased expression by 5.0 times compared to the control group and after induction chemotherapy was observed a reduction in its expression. The expression pattern of the gene TAL1 showed significant decrease, with the exception of post-treatment analysis showed that an increase in its expression. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of BAX and BCL2 (r = 0.94 and p <0.0001. We demonstrated a significant difference in gene expression pattern of ALL at diagnosis and after induction therapy. We conclude our observation regarding the gene expression profile in patients with ALL enrolled in this study, but to define a panel of molecular markers is necessary to evaluate several other genes involved in the process of leukemogenesis in ALL with the help of other methodologies.Item Alterações cardiometabólicas em ratos submetidos ao desmame precoce farmacológico induzido por bromocriptina(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-10-25) Silva, Gabriel Camargo da; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3121095341590269; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; Pansani, Aline Priscila; Paes, Antonio Marcus de Andrade; Oliveira, Júlio Cezar de; Wutzow, Kesia Gemima Palma RigoExclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is fundamental important for the child's health. Nutritional and environmental disorders during the lactation period promote epigenetic changes that culminate in metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring throughout the life. Thereby, interrupting lactation before the established period can cause, among other changes, obesity and hypertension during adulthood. This work aimedto evaluate the cardiometabolic disruptions in Wistar rats that were submitted to pharmacological early weaning, induced by bromocriptine. After birth, sexing was carried out to form litters containing six males per mother and two groups were formed: early weaning (DP) and control (CT). In the last 3 days of lactation, mothers belonging to the DP group received daily injections (0.5 mg - twice daily) of bromocriptine. During the lactation period, the pups’ body weight was monitored on days 1, 7, 14, 18, 19, 20 and 21. After, the offspring were separated and kept in boxes containing three animals each. For 180 days, food intake and body weight were monitored weekly. After this period, was performed measurements of cardiovascular parameters. Subsequently, contractile function of the left ventricle and coronary reactivity were assessed during the ischemia/reperfusion protocol using the Langendorff technique and aortic vascular reactivity through the isolated vessel in an organ bath. Finally, the animals were euthanized and the organs were collected for histological analysis and Western blot. The animals in the DP group developed obesity phenotypeincrease in adipose tissue. Interestingly, there was no increase in food intake. During the recording of cardiovascular parameters in the awake animals, an increase in MAP, SP, DP and HR was observed in animals submitted to DP. Baseline coronary flow was reduced in animals in the DP group and, after reperfusion, it was significantly increased. In addition, it was verified the presence of cardiac remodeling in the animals of the DP group, from the presence of interstitial fibrosis andcardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Finally, we showed low protein expression of the AT1 and MAS receptors, antioxidant enzyme SOD and Akt protein expression. The present study demonstrated that pharmacological DP induced by maternal bromocriptine injections, caused obese phenotype and increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Thus, for the first time, it was demonstrated that pharmacological DP promoting cardiovascular changes, suggesting that this model triggers cardiometabolic programming, negatively affecting these animals during adulthood.Item Alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pela administração aguda e crônica do protótipo de fármaco LQFM-21(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-26) Trindade, Neidiane Rosa; Menegatti, Ricardo; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341This study aimed to investigate the effects hypotensive (LQFM-21), trying to identify a pharmaceutical potential for this new drug prototype. Male Wistar spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and wistar rats were used to evaluate the effect of LQFM-21 on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), renal vascular conductance (RVC), arterial vascular conductance (CVA) and baroreflex sensitivity index (BI). The administration of LQFM-021 (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg / kg, iv.) Decreased MAP (-9.0 ± 1.4, -21.5 ± 2.9, ± 2.8 - 26.7 mmHg respectively); increased RVC (12.0 ± 1.9, 23.2 ± 3.2, 26.8 ± 6.3, 34.8 ± 5.9%, respectively) and CVA (17.3 ± 1.7; 27 8 ± 2.6, 32.7 ± 4.8 and 42.2 ± 3.4%, respectively) in anesthetized normotensive rats. In SHR, also found reduction of MAP (-16.9 ± 2.8; -19.4 ± 2.5; -22.0 ± 3.8 -17.2 ± 6.4 mmHg, respectively), HR (-11.2 ± 0.8 bpm at a dose of 0.04 mg / kg) and an increase in RVC (22.2% at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg) and CVA (12.2 (12.2 ± 2.1, 13.8 ± 5.6, 18.2 ± 2.3, 15.6 ± 3.1% at doses of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg / kg, respectively). Both the acute, oral as the oral administration chronicle of LQFM-21 at a dose of 15 mg / kg reduced the MAP in animals wistar 89.9 ± 1.9 mmHg and 136.4 ± 4.9 mmHg SHR without changing BI in wistar animals with the infusion of phenylephrine -2.3 ± 0.32 vs 1.9 ± 0.1 mmHg / bpm and SHR -1.9 ± 0.2 vs. -1.9 ± 0.3 mmHg / bpm, with infusion nitroprusside in wistar 3.2 ± 0.31 vs 3.0 ± 0.04 bpm / mmHg and 3.9 ± 0.6 vs SHR 3.0 ± 0.04 bpm / mmHg. Together our results demonstrated hypotensive effects of LQFM- 21. However further studies are needed to identify the mechanism of action and toxicity of this drug prototype.Item Alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pelo aumento da ingestão de sal ou de sacarose(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-01-17) Moreira, Marina Conceição dos Santos; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1155446449250341; Pedrino , Gustavo Rodrigues; Santos, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; Reis, Ângela Adamski da Silva; Mendes, Elizabeth PereiraCardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their complications are the main causes of death around the world nowadays. Among these diseases, the hypertension stands out because of its great prevalence and multifactorial characteristic. Several studies demonstrate that, among other factors, the increased intake of industrialized food (rich in both salt and sugar) contribute to the pathophysiology of salt-dependent hypertension and obesity-related hypertension. However, the high sucrose intake induced cardiovascular modifications still need to be clarified. Based on these information, we sought to evaluate the effects of high salt intake of different durations during the post-natal period and of high sucrose intake in adulthood on cardiovascular parameters in adult animals. The present study sought to determine the cardiovascular and autonomic effects of salt and sucrose overload in adult animals. We evaluated the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the heart rate (HR) and the baroreflex sensitivity of the animals submitted to salt overload after weaning and to sucrose overload in adulthood and the cardiac morphology and Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) sensitivity after salt overload. 21 days old male Wistar rats received hypertonic saline solution (NaCl 0,3M) for 30 or 60 days (experimental groups). The control groups were maintained with tap water for equivalent period. After the treatment, the groups were maintained with tap water and food for 15 days (recovery period). A distinct group of adult animals was submitted to sucrose overload for 30 days. At the end of the experimental protocols, the animals were chronically cannulated. 24h after the surgery, the basal cardiovascular parameters and its modifications induced by baroreflex/chemoreflex stimulation were recorded. The baroreflex index was calculated as the ratio between HR and MAP changes after each infusion of phenylephyne and sodium nitroprusside. There were no differences between baseline MAP and HR of the animals treated during 30 days compared to the age-matched control animals (cont.: 118.2 ± 3.7 mmHg vs. exp.: 112.3 ± 4.0 mmHg; cont.: 404.0 ± 10.6 bpm vs. exp.: 374.7 ± 9.1 bpm). However, these animals presented diminished baroreflex sensitivity compared to the control group (BI: cont.; -2.441 ± 0.359 bpm/mmHg vs. exp.: -1.434 ± 0.086 bpm/mmHg, p<0.05). The animals submitted to high salt intake for 60 days after weaning presented increased MAP (cont. 98.6 ± 2.6 mmHg vs. exp. 117.7 ± 4.2 mmHg; p<0.05) and HR (cont. 365.4 ± 12.2 bpm vs. exp. 392.5 ± 10.3 bpm; p<0.05) compared to their control group. Moreover, the baroreflex sensitivity was diminished in those animals (cont. -1.83 ± 0.04 bpm/mmHg vs. exp. -1.24 ± 0.19 bpm/mmHg; p<0.05). The type I collagen relative frequency increased in the hearts of adult animals after 60 days after salt overload (cont.: 15.74 ± 0.61% vs. exp.: 19.79 ± 1.26%; p<0.05) but no differences were observed in the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Furthermore, the pressure response to glutamate nanoinjections into the RVLM was increased in the animals treated for 60 days compared to the control group (cont.: Δ15.47 ± 2.56 mmHg vs. exp.: Δ34.31 ± 4.65 mmHg; p<0.05). The sucrose-treated animals presented increased MAP and HR compared to the control group (cont.: 102.5 ± 1.4 mmHg vs. exp.: 111.3 ± 0.9 mmHg; cont.: 334.7 ± 7.3 bpm vs. exp.: 371.6 ± 4.7 bpm; p<0.05). Furthermore, they presented diminished hypotension-induced baroreflex sensitivity (cont.: 5.0 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg vs. exp.: 4.0 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg; p<0.05) and increased pressure response after chemoreflex stimulation (cont.: 14.9 ± 1.9 mmHg vs. exp.: 29.2 ± 5.5 mmHg; p<0.05). Our results allow us to conclude that changes in the reflex regulation of blood pressure induced by salt overload after weaning precede the cardiovascular effects induced by such protocol, indicating that baroreflex sensitivity modifications can occur independently on permanent blood pressure changes. Moreover, salt overload after weaning promotes increases in RVLM sensitivity in adult animals. Furthermore, sucrose overload promotes MAP, HR and chemoreflex sensitivity elevation, whereas it promotes diminish of baroreflex sensitivity in adult rats. Taken together, our results allow us to conclude that changes in salt or sucrose intake produce permanent modifications in the arterial pressure control and such modifications are, in part, induced by changes in neuronal regulation of blood circulation.Item Alterações cardiovasculares induzidas por supernutrição durante a lactação em ratos Wistar na idade adulta(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-18) Ferreira Junior, Marcos Divino; Castro, Carlos Henrique de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6354834854727314; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3121095341590269; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; Mendes, Elizabeth Pereira; Matafome, Paulo Nuno CenteioMetabolic syndrome, closely related to obesity and its comorbidities, has become a worldwide pandemic, with increasing projections each year. The role of adipose tissue in the metabolic syndrome is not limited to the accumulation of lipids but also to the secretion of adipokines, which can control food consumption and energy expenditure. In obese individuals, there is a change in adipokines profile, from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Inflammatory status in adipose tissue leads to insulin resistance, increased adipocyte differentiation and macrophages recruitment. In addition, the angiotensinogen (AGT) produced by adipose tissue may correspond to more than 30% of plasma levels of this substance, which increases in case of adipocyte hypertrophy. AGT is a key part of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), and is directly linked to circulating Angiotensin II (ANG II) levels, and the latter is linked to obesity-induced cardiovascular changes. Several studies have proposed to evaluate the effects of obesity on cardiovascular parameters, but the majority in animals with diet-induced obesity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of postnatal overnutrition-induced obesity (PNO), due to litter reduction (SL), in metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in adulthood. In our study, SL group developed hyperphagia, greater adiposity and body weight, and dyslipidemia. Also, important cardiovascular alterations were developed in SL animals, such as hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, and increase of oxidative stress related proteins. However, through in vivo and ex vivo cardiac function analyzes, our results suggest that the hearts of animals in the SL group present neurohumoral compensation of their function, which leads to overload and may progress to heart failure. Taken together, our data may help in the elucidation of mechanisms by which obesity-induced cardiovascular changes occur, increasing the possibility of discovering new targets for treatment.Item Alterações dos parâmetros de comportamento de ratos tratados com peptídeo rico em prolina da serpente Bothrops jararaca, Bj-PRO-7a(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-16) Turones, Larissa Córdova; Ianzer, Danielle Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7609262674053858; Custódio, Carlos Henrique Xavier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0207928273284808; Pansani, Aline; Gomes, Rodrigo MelloThe Bj-PRO-7a, a heptapeptide isolated and identified from Bothrops jararaca (Bj) venom, evoke potent therapeutic effects, as antihypertensive effect, natriuretic and diuretic effects, promotion of angiogenisis and vasodilatation. The effects of heptapeptide are independent of Angiotensin Converting Inhibitor (ACE), possibly dependent of Muscarinic Receptors subtype 1 (M1R) activation and oxido nitric pathways. Also, the Bj-PRO-7a actions upon central nervous system still need to be evaluated. Thus, the aims of this study were: i) to assess the effects of acute administration of Bj-PRO-7a upon behavior; ii) to reveal mechanisms involved in the effects of Bj- PRO-7a upon locomotion/exploration, anxiety and depression-like behaviors. For this purpose, adult male Wistar (WT) and Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) (300-380 g) received i.p. injections of Vehicle (NaCl 0.9%), Diazepam (2 mg/kg), Imipramine (15 mg/kg), Bj-PRO-7a (71, 213 or 426 nmol/kg), Pirenzepine (852 nmol/kg), α-metil-DL-tirosina (200 mg/kg) or Chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg) and were placed in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field (OF) and Forced Swimming (FS) tests. The heptapeptide promoted anxiolytic and antidepressantlike effects and increased the locomotion/exploration. These effects of Bj-PRO-7a seem to be strongly dependent on activation of M1R, catecholaminergic paths and dopaminergic receptors.Item Alterações fisiológicas de gramíneas tropicais submetidas a diferentes níveis de irradiância(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-24) Silva, Laudson Ferreira da; Castro, Tomás de Aquino Portes e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7313401367533383; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373; Castro, Tomás de Aquino Portes e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7313401367533383; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; Lopes, Francis Julio FagundesThis work aimed to analyze the growth and the partition of assimilates in plants such as Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Massai and Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero, submitted to three levels of luminosity (100, 50 and 25%). The plants were collected at regular intervals of seven days, from the 20th day after the emergency (DAE), to seventy six DAE, with a last collection of ninety DAE. The height (H), tiller number (TN), root dry matter (RDM), stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), leaf mass ratio (LMR), ratio between root dry matter and aerial part of the dry matter (RRAP), total dry matter (TDM), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), liquid assimilation rate (LIAR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), chlorophyll and carotenoids content. The analyzed species grew and developed in an environment with 50% of light equivalent to plants grown in full sun, since there were no significant differences regarding H, RDM, SDM, LDMC, TDM. Similarly, there was no significant difference in LIAR, RGR and CGR in the species, except in P. maximum, which presented such physiological indicators of growth higher than plants grown in the full sun. LAI was also equivalent, except for U. brizantha and U. decumbens, which presented higher index than plants in full sun. The luminosity level of 25% negatively affected the growth and development of the species, except in P. maximum, whose results were equivalent to those presented in full sun and 50% of light. Species demonstrate tolerance to light restriction and, therefore, production potential to be used in silvopasture and agrosilvopasture production systems.Item Alterações genômicas e mutagênicas em duas espécies de anfíbios anuros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Gonçalves, Macks Wendhell; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895211901348365Amphibian populations have declined in many areas of the world. These declines seem to have worsened over the past 25 years and amphibians are now more threatened than other taxa, such as mammals or birds. Numerous factors contribute to this decrease; however, environmental pollution has recently been cited as a major factor. These vertebrates are important in natural control of several pests in natural and agricultural areas, where they are constantly exposed to large amounts of pesticides. Genotoxicity studies with amphibians are important to detect indicator species of environmental change. Amphibians are particularly sensitive to these variations due to their behavioral and physiological characteristics, such as, permeable skin (cutaneous respiration), low mobility and life cycle with simultaneous dependence of the aquatic and terrestrial environment. In this context, these animals could be used as bioindicators of the environmental quality in genotoxicity and mutagenicity studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the genomic damage in tadpoles of Dendropsophus minutus and Physalaemus cuvieri sampled in perturbed and natural areas, by the comet assay and micronucleus test. We found that the tadpoles of D. minutus and P. cuvieri collected in perturbed areas had the highest extensions of DNA damage compared to the tadpoles of natural areas. Tadpoles sampled in soybean crop areas had higher DNA damage, followed by those sampled in the cornfields. In contrast, the frequency of DNA damage in tadpoles of natural areas were significantly lower in relation to DNA damage suffered by tadpoles of agricultural areas. Thus, we can conclude that tadpoles of D. minutus and P. cuvieri sampled in this study can be considered excellent sentinel organisms, as they were sensitive to environmental changes. In addition, we can highlight the advantages of using the comet assay in environmental genotoxicity studies, such as its speed, high sensitivity in detecting DNA damage in the genome of amphibians, for a relatively low cost. However, it is necessary to invest in the standardization of methodologies for field studies, thus the results could be compared between different laboratories, and make environmental genotoxicity studies, involving aquatic organisms, more informative and applicable as a practical laboratory routine.Item Alterações metabólicas resultantes da fosforilação de Isocitrato Liase em Paracoccidioides lutzii(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-08) Silva, Karla Christina Sousa; Tauhata, Sinji Borges Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7082495215620618; Tauhata, Sinji Borges Ferreira; Bailão, Alexandre de Melo; Brito, Wesley de Almeida; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Faria, Fabrícia Paula deParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic from Latin America caused by the species encompassed in Paracoccidioides genus. This mycosis affects mainly economically active men, who live in rural areas. PCM may cause severe wounds to individuals and is highly incapacitating. This disease is considered a neglected disease by World Health Organization (WHO). When in a hostile environment, like deprivation of carbon sources (6C), fungi tend to use alternative strategies to assist the energetic metabolism. One strategy is using the glyoxylate cycle, which consists in 5 steps, 3 of them being common to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the other 2 steps are catalyzed by exclusive enzymes from the glyoxylate cycle: isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase. There are reports in the literature suggesting that phosphorylation of ICL ofis a possible mechanism of enzyme regulation. Phosphorylation is a post-translational ubiquitous ubiquitous and known to modulate the activity / action of many molecules of diverse organisms. In this work, through the use of molecular interactions assays (pull down) using ICL of Paracoccidioides lutzii in its phosphorylated state and non-phosphorylated We found evidence, which suggest that the purine biosynthesis pathway is being used as an alternative way to produce energy to the organism and a high involvement of ICL with amino acids biosynthesis on its non-phosphorylated state. Apparently, phosphorylation works marking ICL to become degraded. This observation may open a new research field through the elaboration of new drugs for PCM treatment using phosphatase inhibitors.Item Amazon forest dieback: assessing vulnerabilities and threats(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-05-16) Nobrega, Caroline Correa; Brando, Paulo Monteiro; Marco Junior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Ferreira Junior, Laerte Guimarães; Alencar, Ane Auxiliadora Costa; Nabout, João Carlos; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Marco Júnior, Paulo DeIn recent years, it is increasing evidences about Amazon vunerability due to land use and climate changes. Because of a positive feedback system, in which impacts intensify other impacts, some models project to the end of the century a replacement of the Amazon forest by savanna formations or semi-arid (forest dieback). Several evidence has indicated a high vulnerability of the Amazon to global climate change and local environmental impacts triggered by human activities (eg conversion to agricultural areas, construction of roads and burns). However, they are still deeply unknown the general mechanisms and standards about how these impacts affect the forest. In this thesis, I developed works that aim contribute to discussions of the subject. In each chapter, I will consider a threat that is contributing to the degradation of the Amazon. Each of the three threats discussed in the following chapters are often cited as important drivers of forest dieback. In the first chapter I evaluated the impact of forest fires at different levels of diversity of trees in a forest area next to the Amazon-Cerrado transition. Our results suggest that communities of trees in burned areas are losing more phylogenetic and functional diversity per unit of species than in unburned areas. My results indicate the existence of selection of species based on phylogenetic and functional characteristics, representing a major force of change and impoverishment (functional and phylogenetically) of these communities. In the second chapter, using high resolution images (LiDAR and hyperspectral), I evaluated the impact of a intense drought in forest areas near Madre de Dios, Peru. Thus, my results support the idea that changes in regional climate may change the structure and function of the forest. In the third chapter, I evaluated how the construction of roads in the Brazilian Amazon has contributed to deforestation in an important group of protected areas of the Amazon: the Indigenous Lands. Based on the analysis of observed impacts, I propose the establishment of buffer zones (buffers) around these reserves to reduce the negative impacts of road construction planned to be built.Item Análise do secretoma de isolados do fungo Trichoderma asperellum (TR356) em resposta ao fungo fitopatogênico Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-23) Rodrigues, Amanda Rafaela; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Monteiro, Valdirene Neves; Fernandes, Kátia FlaviaThe genus Trichoderma is represented by non-pathogenic soil fungi that have been studied by act as biological control agents against fungal pathogens, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the fungus that causes white mold, besides that, reduce environment and human health risks by being able to replace agrochemicals. Proteomic strategies with MS techniques have been important tools in studies of patterns identification for protein expression in different growth conditions. This work aims to development new strategies that enable the detection and identification of proteins secreted by Trichoderma asperellum (TR356) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum when inoculated together and separated. The results obtained by MALDI / TOF analysis allowed the identification of a β-1.3--glucanosiltransferase and α-1.2-Dmannosidase, demonstrating the possibility of proteins identification for better comprehension about interaction between these organisms. It was therefore possible to identify the proteins through strategies used, but further analysis are required in order to elucidate the function and interaction of proteins secreted by the fungus Trichoderma asperellum TR356 against S. sclerotiorum.Item Análise da comunidade de peixes e da teia trófica de um trecho do rio corrente - go(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-07-18) ALOÍSIO, Gustavo Ribeiro; ANGELINI, Ronaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739463859587165In this work, fishes of Corrente river, affluent of Paranaíba River (Paraná basin, Brazil), were studied. Five surveys in the period of June of 2003 had been carried out until June of 2005. The sampling was executed in 8 points distributed in the stream, riverbed and lagoon. In each point had been used a set of gillnets with different mesh size (between 12 and 60mm opposite knots). The nets were inspected in the morning and the end of the day. The results had shown that 8 species were captured and the most abundant specie is Astyanax altiparanae; Shannon-Wienner index demonstrated diversity low; Morisita index indicated that there are high similarity between river, stream and lagoons; all species reproduce in the rainy season with exception of the Brycon nattereri; it is demonstrated the existence of piscivores species, herbivores, insectivores and detritus feeders.Item Análise da dinâmica do glicoproteoma de trichoderma asperelloides durante o micoparasitismo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-01-21) Naoum, Stéphanie; Monteiro, Valdirene Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8264822485508916; Ulhoa, Cirano José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277; Ulhoa, Cirano José; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; Georg, Raphaela de Castro; Paula, Renato Graciano deGlycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in most cells and is an important mechanism for several cellular processes such as protein secretion, cell signaling, protein translocation and stability, maintenance of cell structure and receptor-ligand interactions. In fungi there is a set of enzymes specialized in glycosylation of proteins, exerting functions related to the structure of the cell wall and the cell as a whole, assisting in integrity, growth, differentiation and signaling. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are known for their ability to biocontrol through mycoparasitism mechanisms involving the production of cell wall degrading hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the N-glycosylated proteins produced by T. asperelloides (TR356) during mycoparasitism. The Concanavalin A (ConA) affinity chromatography technique was used to enrich the samples and select N-glycated glycoproteins with oligomannosidic structure. In the interaction between the fungi, the contact condition showed a difference in the protein content when compared to the control samples. The specific activities of the enzymes β-1,3-exoglycanase, β-1,3-endoglycanase, chitinase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, α-mannosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase and demonstrated a significant increase in activities in conditions before contact and contact. Several proteins were identified in the samples using the mass spectrometry technique. A total of 253 proteins were identified in the control sample. In samples referring to before contact and contact between T. asperelloides (TR 356) and S. sclerotiorum the number of identified proteins was higher, 582 and 524 proteins, respectively. We can infer that the presence of the pathogen S. sclerotiorum in the same environment as T. asperelloides stimulates the production of specific proteins for this situation, necessary for mycoparasitism. Glycoproteins with different amounts of N-glycosylation sites involved in mycoparasitism were identified, and the number of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites increased in pre-contact and in-contact situations. Most secreted proteins are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell signaling, and post-translational modifications and folding. The identified proteins of the intracellular environment are involved in post-translational modification and protein folding, in carbohydrate metabolism and transport, and in cellular metabolism in general. Finally, we observed that a significant number of identified proteins still do not have a defined function, which can be considered an important source of new studies and new knowledge in relation to mycoparasitism.Item Análise da diversidade genética em populações de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) Nascimento, Lucas Breseghelo do; Silva, Silvana Petrofeza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6823998544968373The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is among the most successful pathogens, omnivores, and without specific hosts, is considered one of the most important fungal pathogens in the world. Is distributed in all producing regions, temperate, subtropical or tropical. The fungus produces resistant structures called sclerotia on the surface and within tissues colonized, they returned to the soil with crop residues and are responsible for the survival of the fungus in the same area for up to eight years. The objectives of this study were to quantify the variability within and between populations of the fungus S. sclerotiorum in bean and soybean crops in different producing places of those varieties. 46 isolates were collected of S. sclerotiorum in six locals of grain production in different regions of Brazil. The sites chosen were Monte Carmelo-MG, Formosa-GO, Lucas do Rio Verde-MT, Montividiu-GO, Londrina, PR and Santo Antonio de Goiás-GO. All areas of the original host of the gathering was the bean with the exception of Londrina-PR in which the host was soybeans. A population study of the fungus through RAPD markers using 13 primers was carried out for the analysis of genetic variability of the fungus. In parallel, tests were also made for the the Mycelial compatibility groups among isolates and test production of hydrolytic enzymes. The statistical analysis was performed using the Arlequin software, which indicated variability among populations of 16.94% and 83.06% within populations. Were found 10 mycelial compatibility groups without specific populations .Enzyme activities performed indicated significant differences within the populations of all enzymes, a comparison between populations also showed significant differences among populations in polygalacturonases, 1,3-β-glucanase and xylanase. The results indicate a high level of variability within populations and low variability among populations.